Vol 3 Issue 1 April 2015-September 2015

Abstract: The design of a highway bridge is critically dependent on standard norms of a particular region or country and criteria like loadings and support conditions. Naturally, the importance of highway bridges in a modern transportation system would imply a set of rigorous design specifications to ensure the safety, quality and overall cost of the project. This paper discusses the parametric study of two different cross-sections of box-girder for same loading conditions to find the most economical cross-section. The design standard of India, IRC was followed in design of Box-girder superstructures subjected to IRC class AA loading. Optimized Cross-sections was found by comparing the different design parameters. As result of this exercise it was found that bending moment and stresses for self-weight and superimposed dead load were different for different cross-section. The cross section with minimum value of bending moment requires less steel to counter the bending stresses. Less reinforcement leads to the most economical cross-section for box girder.

The result shows the multi cell box girders are costlier as compare to the single cell box girder, when the loading and support condition were kept same for both the cross-section. Analysis is carried out using the MIDAS Civil Software which is based on finite element method of analysis.

Keywords: Pre-stressed Concrete, Box-girder, and IRC loading.

Title: Design and Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder by Finite Element Method (4 Cells & 1 Cell)

Author: Mayank Chourasia, Dr. Saleem Akhtar

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Selection of the project is to use glass powder, fly ash and manufactured sand, effectively and environment friendly nature in concrete construction. Glass powder as well as Fly ash is a waste material from glass industry and thermal power plant respectively. According to Indian Standards method mix design was done for M20 Grade of concrete. Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade was selected. In this project, the cement is partially replaced by glass powder for 25%, 30% and coarse aggregate were partially replaced by fly ash aggregate from 25% to 50% by step in steps of 5%. In recent times, the addition of artificial aggregates has shown a reasonable cut down in the construction costs and had gained good attention due to quality on par with conventional aggregates. This provides an environmental friendly method of fly ash and glass powder disposal.

Keywords: Fly ash aggregates (FAA), Glass powder (GP), Glass powder concrete (GPC), Fly ash Aggregate Concrete (FAAC), Compressive Strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength, Control concrete (CC).

Title: Experimental Investigation on Strength Parameters for Composite Concrete by Using Waste Glass Powder, Flyash Aggregate and M-Sand

Author: Nithin V, Mr. Kiran M.U

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Multi-storey building construction is increasing day by day throughout the world. The design and construction of artificial infrastructure on the lines of bio-mimicking principles require the development of highly advanced structural system which has the quality of aesthetic expression, structural efficiency and most importantly geometric versatility. Recently, the use of diagonal members for carrying the gravity and lateral load has increased and these members are known as ‘diagrid’. The unique geometrical configuration of the diagrid structural system has led them to be used for tall buildings providing structural efficiency and aesthetic potential. In this study, the structural response of conventional and diagrid building is investigated to evaluate the structural benefits of diagrid system. A regular G+15 storey steel building with a plan size of 18 m x 18 m, located in a seismic zone V is analysed and designed by STAAD Pro. Software. All structural members are designed as per Indian standard for general construction in steel (IS 800:2007) and the seismic forces are considered as per Indian codal provision for earthquake resistant design of structure (IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002). In diagrid structure, the major portion of lateral load is taken by the external diagonal members, which in turn releases the forces in other members of the structure. The use of diagrids significantly decreases the maximum shear force and bending moment in internal and perimeter beams. The bending moment in internal column also decreases in diagrid building. This reduces the sectional requirement of beams and columns in diagrid building. An overall economy of nearly 12% is achieved in diagrid building compared to conventional building.

Keywords: Diagrid building, Conventional building, STAAD Pro., Axial force, Shear force, bending moment, etc…

Title: Advantage of Steel Diagrid Building over Conventional Building

Author: Saket Yadav, Dr. Vivek Garg

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Three different modes of failure of steel structures are- member failure, joint failure and foundation failure. Any of the failure of the member results in total system failure. Hence, it is required to consider each of the failure under the different loading conditions. A roof truss is selected for the analysis subjected to wind loads and seismic loads with regular dead loads and live loads. A truss which is under function is taken for study. Analysis was carried out using STAAD Pro to check whether design is correct and also for finding out any other parameters. MAT LAB program is used for fatigue analysis; S-N diagrams are drawn for calculating number of cycles to predict life of the structure.

Keywords: Truss, Bolt, Fatigue life, S-N curve, MATLAB.

Title: FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF TRUSS

Author: J B Geethashree, Dr.V Ramesh

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Vigorous construction activity and manufacture of cement has increased carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. This has become an important environmental issue. Hence, there is a need for eco-friendly cement or greener concrete/geo polymer concrete. Present work selects two industrial by products such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) to manufacture geo polymer concrete. Geo polymer concrete is cement less concrete gaining popularity globally towards the sustainable development. It is environmental friendly which involves a different chemical reaction in aluminum and silicon system, which involves reactive alumino silicates materials such as fly ash and GGBS. The geo polymer concrete has low CO2 foot print and provide an alternative to normal conventional concrete.

Keywords: GGBS; Geo polymer; concrete; compressive strength.

Title: STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF GEO POLYMER CONCRETE

Author: Sunil Kumar.R, Dr. V.Ramesh

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Abstract: Bulk material handling is key operation in agriculture grain production. It is not only important that attention to be given to the maintenance of grain condition during storage, but also to the design it safely in any whether or natural condition. In past three year much progress has been made in theory and practice of bulk solid handling. Test procedure for determining the strength of structure in various condition have been developed. Conventional method is developed for static design. But the conventional method completely unable the calculate of maridional and circumferential moments. Finite element analysis can easily analyze circular silos to determine stresses at critical zone. This analysis and design give more safty to silo during high wind and earthquake intensity.

Keywords: Circular concrete silos, analysis, differentiate between conventional design and finite element, Shell design of silo.

Title: Effect of Earthquake and Wind on Silo

Author: Mahesh Z. Mali, Shradhha J. Patil, Dr. R.S. Talikoti

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The present work seeks to investigate the seismic behaviour of a typical ordinary moment resisting framed structure with composite columns and conventional Steel columns and examine the key design issues involved. The present study deals with seismic behaviour of a typical (G+12) storied framed structure assessed through equivalent static method of analysis as per IS: 1893-2002 for moderate seismic zone III using ETABS software package. The analyses are performed on a suite of 2 types of ordinary moment resisting framed 3D space models with different column types – Steel, and CFST. The analysis is carried out and the results are compared in terms of critical earthquake response parameters such as base shear, storey drifts, roof displacements, and storey overturning moments.

Keywords: seismic behaviour, composite columns and steel columns, Multi-storey structure.

Title: Comparison of Seismic Behaviour of a Typical Multi-Storey Structure With Composite Columns and Steel Columns

Author: Asha B.R, Mrs. Sowjanya G.V

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: In this experiment the study on strength characteristics of M20 grade concrete using manufactured fly ash coarse aggregate as a partial replacement of natural granite coarse aggregate is conducted along with the use of quarry dust as a replacement of conventional natural river sand. The aggregates were manufactured using cement in lesser quantities and fly ash in excess quantity various trail mixes were conducted and finally a suitable mix is selected for large quantity production. Mix design for fly ash aggregate concrete is done by calculating the specific gravity and water absorption of the manufactured fly ash aggregate and quarry dust since both have lower specific gravity nominal mix M20 mix design cannot be used hence design mix is done. Since the specific gravity of the fine aggregate and coarse aggregate is less the obtained concrete is lighter in weight. Cubes, beams and cylinders were casted by partial replacing natural coarse aggregate by 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% of manufactured fly ash aggregate and using quarry as fine aggregate. The strength parameters such as compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength of the casted cubes, beams and cylinders were tested respectively.

Keywords: Flash aggregate, Quarry dust, compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength.

Title: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE USING FLYASH AGGREGATE AND QUARRY DUST

Author: Vinay M, Dr. V Ramesh, Geena George

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Selection of the project is to use glass powder and fly ash, effectively and environment friendly nature in concrete construction. Glass powder as well as Fly ash is a waste material from glass industry and thermal power plant respectively. According to Indian Standards method mix design was done for M20 Grade of concrete. Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grades was selected. In this project, the cement is partially replaced by glass powder for 25%, 30% and coarse aggregate were partially replaced by fly ash aggregate from 25% to 50% by step in steps of 5%. In recent times, the addition of artificial aggregates has shown a reasonable cut down in the construction costs and had gained good attention due to quality on par with conventional aggregates. This provides an environmental friendly method of fly ash and glass powder disposal.

Keywords: Fly ash aggregates (FAA), Glass powder (GP), Glass powder concrete (GPC), Fly ash Aggregate Concrete (FAAC), Compressive Strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength, Control concrete (CC).

Title: Study on Strength Parameters for Composite Concrete by Using Fly Ash Aggregate and Glass Powder

Author: Deepak N, Dr. V Ramesh

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Nowadays concrete is the most commonly used material in the field of construction. Due to the rapid growth of construction industry the demand for concrete is increasing drastically. Fly ash and pond ash are the byproducts formed at the thermal power plants during the combustion of pulverized coal. In this present study fly ash and pond ash are partially replaced for cement and sand respectively. Keeping the fly ash 20% constant the percentage of  pond ash is varied from 15% to 20%.Compression test is done for cubes of cross section 150mmx150mmx150mm, Flexural strength test is done on beams of cross section 100mmx100mmx500mm. The curing period for cubes and beams is 28 days and 56 days.

Keywords: Compression, Flexural strength, Fly ash, Pond ash.

Title: Comparative Study of Fly Ash and Pond Ash on Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete

Author: Aparna K.A, Dr. V. Ramesh

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: This case study was conducted at M/s Aker Solutions Pvt ltd as a part of Summer Training under the guidance of Shri Murali Mohan, Chief Engineer, and Vessels.  In the normal operations of a Double Tube Sheet, due to the presence of pressure and temperature differences of the working fluids, stresses tend to develop in the tube. This case study is about the failure of the tubes in between the tube sheets due to the above factors. Now TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufactures Association) also has suggested a design for the case, so we first use TEMA and find the respective stress values and then on the basis of the theoretical knowledge and with the help of reference books another or similar design is suggested and the values which were calculated using TEMA Standards are calculated and a comparison is drawn in between the two values. 

Keywords: TEMA, Double Tube Sheet Failure in Heat Exchangers.

Title: Case Study on Double Tube Sheet Failure in Heat Exchangers

Author: Barun Singh

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: An earthquake is a vibration of the earth produced by a rapid release of energy. An earthquake only occurs for a few brief moments; the aftershocks can continue for weeks; the damage can continue for years. The present work deals  with an important and complex issue in geotechnical and earthquake engineering, which concerns the influence of both elasticity and pore water pressure on the  seismic response of earthen dams to artificial earthquake  records using the finite element program GEOSTUDIO QUAKE/ W.

The study includes observation during earthquake loading, the different methods of seismic analysis of earth dams. The study presents numerical analyses of the seismic behaviour of homogeneous and cored earthen dams.  The analysis is first conducted for a simple case which concerns the elastic response of the earthen dam.  This analysis provides some indications about the response of the dam, mainly the dynamic amplification and pore water generation. For the elastic analyses, a parametric study is conducted for the investigation of the influence of major parameters such as the mechanical properties of the earth material density and soil stiffness. 

Keywords: Seismic Performance, Earthen-Dams Using Geo studio, Earthquake Loading.

Title: Seismic Performance Study on Earthen-Dams Using Geo Studio

Author: Vedavathi R P, Dr. V. Ramesh

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Retaining structures hold back soil or other loose material where an abrupt change in ground elevation occurs. The retained material or backfill exerts a push on the structure and thus tends to overturn or slide it, or both. The cantilever is the most common type of retaining wall and is used for walls in the range of 3to 6m in height. This study presents analyses and design of cantilever retaining wall which is made from an internal stem of steel-reinforced, cast-in-place concrete (often in the shape of an inverted T).  In this work a detailed analyses and design for this type of walls which include estimation of primary dimensions of the wall, then these dimensions were checked. The factor of safety against sliding, overturning and bearing were calculated. The shear resistance for the base, the tension stresses in the stem and the tension stresses for the base were checked. Calculations of reinforcement for each part of the wall were done. All analysis and design are based on the ACI code

Keywords: retaining, cantilever, wall, sliding, shear, reinforcement.

Title: Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall with 4m Height

Author: Tamadher Abood, Hatem E. Younis Eldawi, Faeza R. Elnaji Abdulrahim

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: In reinforced concrete systems, ensuring that a good bond between the concrete and the embedded reinforcing steel is critical to long-term structural performance.  Without good bond between the two, the system simply cannot behave as intended.  The bond strength of reinforcing bars is a complex interaction between localized deformations, chemical adhesion, and other factors.  For many years, the standard practice has been to coat reinforcing steel with an epoxy coating which provides a barrier between the steel and the corrosive elements of water, air, and chloride ions.  Recently, there has been an industry led effort to use galvanizing to provide the protective barrier commonly provided by traditional epoxy coatings.  However, as with any new structural product, questions exist regarding both the structural performance and corrosion resistance of the system.  The work presented in this paper sought to understand the structural performance of galvanized reinforcing steel as compared to epoxy coated steel.  This work consisted of a series of controlled laboratory tests.  The results of this work indicate that there is no appreciable difference between the bond strength of epoxy coated reinforcing steel and galvanized reinforcing steel.  Although some differences were observed, no notable difference in either peak load, slip, or failure mode could be identified. 

Keywords: bond, bridges, concrete, epoxy, galvanized.

Title: Bond Strength and Development Length of Galvanized Reinforcing Steel

Author: Yoon-Si Lee, Brent Phares

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper carried out partial replacement of cement by bagasse ash in order to reduce industrial waste and to save cement and by saving cement reduced greenhouse gases emission and makes environmental green. The waste product sugarcane bagasse ash is already causing serious environmental problems. The effective use of these waste products is challenging task for researcher through environmental impact. Bagasse is often used as a primary fuel source for sugar mills; when burned in quantity, it produces sufficient heat energy to supply all the needs of a typical sugar mill, with energy to spare.

Bagasse ash partially replaced in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%by weight of cement in four different experiment to find out maximum compressive strength and compare it with the strength of normal concrete by using grade M-30 at 7days and 28 days.

Keywords: Bagasse ash, ordinary Portland cement, concrete, compressive strength.

Title: Studies on Partial Replacement of Cement by Bagasse Ash in Concrete

Author: PIYUSH KUMAR, ANIL PRATAP SINGH

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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