Vol 7 Issue 1 April 2019-September 2019

Abstract: Concrete is widely known to have high compressive strength and low tensile strength. To compensate the lack of tensile ability, concrete samples were made with the addition of different types of fibers such as steel, bamboo and jute using locally available brick chips as coarse aggregate and Sylhet sand as fine aggregate. Cement type was CEM Type I as per BDS: EN-197-2001. Concrete specimens were made with the addition of different fibers which were added in % weight of cement used. % of fiber added was also varied for different concrete specimens. Specimens were tested for hardened properties of concrete such as compressive strength and split tensile strength. Investigation showed that use of steel fiber improves the hardened properties of concrete.

Keywords: Steel fiber, Bamboo fiber, Jute fiber, Hardened properties.

Title: Hardened Properties of Concrete Made with Different Fibers Available in Bangladesh

Author: S. M. Yashin, M. F. Wahid, T. Mustafa, M. A. M. Alam, Z. M. Proma, M. F. Anam

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Normal concrete is characterised by high compressive strength but low tensile strength and with little elasticity causing it to fracture and crack due to its brittle nature. Reinforced concrete was discovered in a quest to produce a material with improved compressive and tensile strengths but it is faced with a disadvantage of long post crack formations due to strain softening. Normal reinforced concrete is faced by durability challenges due to ingression of deleterious substances such as chloride and carbonation ion attacks that result in corrosion of steel leading to complete structural deterioration. Concrete as a material is also itself susceptible to attack from the aggressive environment. The need for discovering sustainable and energy efficient construction materials have pushed researchers and academics to search for better and effective construction materials. Concrete is the most used construction material worldwide due to its outstanding properties, these include its versatility, durability and reliability in terms of availability of materials required in its production. Ordinary Portland cement is a crucial element required in concrete production. According to studies done by scientists, cement-producing industries are the second contributors to the rise in greenhouse gases. On the other hand, steel production is an expensive process requiring high consumption of energy and it generated from non-renewable mined ores. This study aims to produce a geo-polymer modified natural fibres reinforced concrete with improved resistance to impact loads, higher durability and low porosity. Fly ash is proposed to partially replace cement to form the geo-polymer modified concrete. Natural fibres made from sisal will be added in reasonable proportions based on past research to the geo-polymer modified concrete. To determine the strength and durability of the produced concrete compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and chloride permeability tests will be performed to achieve the set objectives.

Keywords: geo-polymer, Reinforced concrete, natural fibres, tensile strength, flexural strength.

Title: Geo-polymer Modified Cellulosic Fibre Reinforced Concrete

Author: Mohammad A. ALhashemi, Mazyad N. ALfadhli

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: In recent decades, prestressed concrete girders have primarily been used in bridges worldwide. One of the common issues frequently observed in these prestressed concrete girders is the end-region cracking due to the application of prestressing forces. Numerous repair and prevention techniques have been proposed and investigated in this field, including the application of mortar, fiber-reinforced polymers wrapping, epoxy injection, post-tensioning, and strand debonding. This study seeks to elucidate a methodical review on the current body of knowledge (comprised of studies from 1982 to 2019) discussing the methods to repair and retrofit, and prevent the formation and propagation of end-region cracks in prestressed concrete girders.

Keywords: Prestressed Concrete; End-Region Crack; Fiber Reinforced Polymers; Epoxy Injection; Post-tensioning; Strand debonding.

Title: Prevention and Repair of End-Region Cracks in Prestressed Concrete Girders: A State-of-the-Art Review

Author: Yoon-Si Lee, Mahmoodreza Soltani, Karlee Schweigert, Sadit Maharjan

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Greater organic removal may result in less odorous sludge cake. Thermophilic (55℃) anaerobic digestion (TAD) and mesophilic (37℃) anaerobic digestion (MAD) were tested to understand if greater volatile solids reduction (VSR) could be related to less sulfur-based organic odor or volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs) generation from dewatered and digested sludge. The TAD system removed 10% additional VS than the MAD system, which was reconfirmed by soluble and extractable biopolymer data. The TAD system held more soluble biopolymer than the MAD system while less extractable biopolymer was observed from TAD than MAD. However, greater organic solids removal did not result in lower odor in biopolymer cakes. Hydrogenotrophic methane formers might be responsible for less VOSC removal from thermophilically digested and dewatered sludge.

Keywords: Thermophilic anaerobic digestion, mesophilic anaerobic digestion, organic solid reduction, volatile organic sulfur compound.

Title: VS destruction and its impact on VOSC generation under thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion conditions

Author: Jongmin Kim

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The behaviour of the road surface depends upon the strength of the fill material and subgrade below it. Road construction on soft subgrade soil is a major issue affecting cost and scheduling of highway road projects. The strength of subgrade is most often expressed in terms of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) which is the ratio of test load to standard load at specified penetration by a standard plunger. In India the design of flexible pavement is primarily on basis of subgrade CBR (IRC 37-2001).Many techniques have been evolved to strengthen the highway soil subgrade. Among them stabilization techniques are most common. In the Present study stabilisation of soft subgrade soil is achieved by using geotextiles. The objective of this study is to find out an increase in strength mobilization in terms of CBR values, by conducting CBR tests on the subgrade soil when reinforced with geotextiles placed at different positions. Silty expansive clay soil and three varieties of geotextile (HP-370, PEC, and TS-50) are used in the study. CBR tests are conducted with the geotextile placed at different depths from top surface of soil in the CBR mould.

Keywords: Geotextiles, CBR, Expansive soils, Subgrade and Woven & Non-woven geotextiles.

Title: An Experimental Study on CBR of Expansive Soil Subgrades using Geotextiles

Author: Pupalwad Arti Sudam, M Padmavathi, K.Ravikumar, M.Nagaraju

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The study represents the local behaviour of strengthened reinforced concrete short corbel by external bonding of Carbon Fibers Reinforced Polymer fabrics. For the experimental program total six corbels were casted with two control sample and four strengthened samples with externally CFRP Fabrics. Strut-n-tie method is used for the design of corbel, which is effective method for analyising forces in the corbel. Comparison for the ultimate load v/s deflection graphs were studied for the control and strengthened specimens. Test results showed improvement in the ultimate load carrying capacity for the strengthened samples with horizontal and inclined wrapping on the faces of the corbel. Full wrapping by the unidirectional CFRP Fabrics in the horizontal manner showed higher results compared with the control and inclined (45˚) orientation of CFRP Fabrics.

Keywords: Corbel, Strut-n-tie, CFRP, Reinforced concrete, Strengthening, Failure.

Title: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CORBEL BY STRENGTHENING WITH CFRP

Author: P.A.RANDHAVANE, V.R.Rathi, P.K.Kolase

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: While the use of plastics has gradually increased in our daily lives due to its user-friendly features, lightness and cost-effectiveness, scientific and engineering communities have raised their concerns in recent decades regarding the harmful effects caused from the usage and disposal of plastics on our environment. Also, from an environmental point of view, concrete production heavily contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and the majority of construction materials are produced from natural resources. Therefore, there exists a need for developing sustainable concrete that leaves less carbon footprint and requires fewer natural resources. In this regard, utilizing waste/recycled plastics in concrete can be a viable alternative that offers obvious ecological and environmental benefits. Numerous researchers and engineers have investigated the feasibility of using various types of plastics in concrete production. Since different types of plastics possess engineering properties that are different from conventional constituents of concrete, it is important to understand how adding plastics would alter the characteristics and behavior of concrete. This paper presents a methodical review on recent researches that used waste/recycled plastics as an additive or a partial replacement of aggregates in concrete, and discussed their effects on various properties of concrete.

Keywords: Waste Plastic; Recycled Plastics; Concrete; Compressive Strength; Flexural Strength.

Title: Waste/Recycled Plastics in Concrete

Author: Yoon-Si Lee

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Fire inspectors play an indispensable role in protecting life and property from catastrophic fires before them begin. They work with city code enforcement agencies, fire departments and other organizations that work with the construction trades and government to ensure that building safety codes are met or exceeded. As a fire inspector, I worked with my team to encourage all fire department team to know state and federal building codes and fire safety regulations. But first, you’ll need to know the conditions under which fires originate and spread. You’ll need to know about firefighting tactics and equipment as well as the materials and designs that go into residential, commercial and industrial structures. My study mainly focus on Improving Firefighting Strategies and Practices through this paper and a common way of handling structural fire protection and design is using the so called standard fire as basis for prescriptive design. For this, a wide experimental research with also a large amount of numerical simulations has been carried out in Sudan to gather experience of using automatic water extinguishers as a protective method against fire.

Keywords: catastrophic fires, firefighting tactics, Fire inspectors, etc.

Title: Safety & fire Strategy requirements for (High Rise Buildings)

Author: MOUTAZ ABASS IBRAHIM

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Plastic which is toxic in nature is found to be nearly 5% in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The waste plastic and its disposal is a major threat to the environment, which results in pollution and global  warming.  The utilization of plastic  waste  in  bituminous  mixes enhances its properties and also its strength1. In addition it will also be a solution to plastic disposal & various defects in pavement viz., pot holes, corrugation, ruts, etc. the waste plastic used are poly-ethylene, poly-styrene, poly-propylene. The waste plastic is shredded & coated over aggregate & mixed with hot bitumen and resulted mix is used for pavement construction. This provides a solution to the problem of effective disposal of plastic waste at the same time increases the strength and durability of  the road, addresses the environmental, economic and  most importantly safety issue.

Keywords: Plastic waste, Bitumen, incineration, segregation, absorption, marshal value, non biodegradable, polymer, land filling, dry process, et process.

Title: USE OF PLASTIC WASTE IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION

Author: Nidhi Agrawal, Nilesh Agrawal

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The studies on the use of polymer bitumen for flexible pavement are being carried out.Virgin & recycled polymers area unit getting used for these studies. Use of disposed plastics waste is that the would like of the hour.The studies on the thermal behavior and binding property of the melted plastics promoted a study on the preparation of plastics waste – hydrocarbon mix and its properties to find the suitableness of the mix for construction.The blend is almost similar to plastic bitumen.But, once a higher proportion of plastics waste was used, the chemical compound got separated from the mix.A changed technique was developed and also the stone mixture was coated with melted plastics and also the plastics waste coated mixture was used because of the material for versatile construction. Plastic coated aggregate showed better binding property. It had less wetting property. Its voids were much less. The sample showed higher Marshall Stability value,(irc.gov.ic.in.sp.098.2013). The roads laid using plastic coated aggregate are performing well. A detailed studied is presented.

Keywords: Waste Plastic, Bitumen, Flexible pavment, Marshall test.

Title: USE OF PLASTIC COATED AGGREGATES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION

Author: Prajakta Pathare, Pranjali Salave, Gayatri Mahajan, Yogita Jawane, Pravin Gorde

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Sustainable development and efficient management of water is an increasingly complex challenge all over the globe. Sharp crested weir is used as a flow measuring device for open channel flow measurement. In rural India the measurement of flow is major challenge at field level because for flow measurement weir sections are made from standard procedure and also by using standard material prescribed in standard codes. In present experimental study sharp crested weir sections are made by mild steel and galvanized steel having a different crest height and width of weir opening are fabricated and tested in the laboratory. The present paper determines the feasibility of sharp crested weir of different material as a flow measurement device for open channel. Experimental data are generated to develop the relation between discharge vs. head over the weir and concluded that the coefficient of discharge value for each weir is same. Based on the experimental data a generalized weir equation for sharp crested weirs is  proposed.

Keywords: Open channel flow, Flow measurement, Coefficient of discharge, Rectangular weir.

Title: Discharge formula for Thin Plated Rectangular Lab Fabricated Sharp Crested Weirs

Author: Shrikant A. Tekade, Tejas P. Bhatkar, Yuvraj A. Chavhan

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Expansive soils are highly problematic because of the susceptibility of these soils to undergo large changes in volume due to variation in the moisture content. Generally black cotton soil falls under this case, which has poor bearing capacity and shearing strength. Special attention is required on stabilization process to make it more suitable for all construction purposes. This experimental study deals on the stabilization of black cotton soil using coir fibre as this natural fiber is a cost effective and eco-friendly material which is used to improve properties of black cotton soil. The basic properties of virgin soil like specific gravity, grain size distribution, Atterberg’s limits, compaction characteristics and unconfined compressive strength tests were conducted. Further the black cotton soil is mixed with varying percentage of coir fibre by dry weight of soil such as 0.25 %, 0.5 %, 0.75 % and 0.1 %. The change in properties such as liquid limit, plastic limit and shrinkage limit of stabilized black cotton soil is studied. Comparisons are drawn for change in maximum dry density, optimum dry density and unconfined compression test values for both stabilized soil and untreated soil.

Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Coir Fibre, Atterberg’s limits and Unconfined Compressive Strength.

Title: Experimental Investigation on Expansive Soil Stabilized Using Coir Fibre

Author: Venkatesh A., Sadiya Anwer, Suprith M.R., Sachin M.S., Goutham D.R.

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: This study aimed to examine the effect of waste marine sea shell product  in the compressive strength of concrete when used as substitute to fine aggregate.Specifically, this study aimed to determine the compressive strength of concrete when 5%, 10%  and 15% of the volume of fine aggregate was substituted with three selected shells namely Capiz Shell, Scallop Shell and Green Shell. The study covered the determination of the physical properties of cement, coarse and fine aggregates that were used in determining the appropriate design of concrete mixture. Shell samples were taken from Estancia, Concepcion and Oton, Iloilo, while aggregates were taken from Jalaur River, Cabatuan, Iloilo. Laboratory tests were conducted at Western Institute of Technology CE Laboratory. A total of fifty-four (54) concrete cylinder samples were prepared and tested using the Universal Testing Machine. The average compressive strength of three concrete samples obtained during the tests was used in the analysis of comparing the compressive strength of concrete. The result showed that the three shells used as substitute to fine aggregates had met the minimum compressive strength requirement for 28 days when 5% of the volume of the fine aggregate was substituted with the three selected shells, but when 10% and 15% of the volume of fine aggregate were substituted with the three selected shells, only Capiz Shell and Green Shell met the required compressive strength of 3,000 psi required at 28 days.

Keywords: concrete, aggregate, compressive strength, shells, Capiz Shell, Scallop Shell, Green Shell.

Title: STUDY OF THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE WITH SELECTED SHELLS AS SUBSTITUTE TO FINE AGGREGATES

Author: Dr. Corazon C. Corbal

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Grid slab frame systems consisting of beams spaced at regular intervals in perpendicular directions, monolithic with slab.  Generally they are used for architectural reasons for large rooms for example: auditoriums, vestibules, theatre halls, showrooms of shops where column free space is often the main requirement. A rectangular or square void formed in the ceiling is advantageously utilized for concealed architectural lighting. This paper describe the study of analysis of Grid slab frame for seismic forces and compared with Conventional R.C. frame. The different parameter are studied displacement, storey drift, base shear and moments on the column. For analysis ETAB software is used.

Keywords: Grid slab, ETABS, Seismic forces.

Title: Comparative Study of Seismic Analysis of Grid Slab Frame with Conventional R.C. Frame

Author: Sardar Tejinderkaur, Prof. P. M. Shimpale

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract:  Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is a relatively new technology. It was developed in response to needs for reduced energy consumption and stack emissions during the production of asphalt concrete, improved workability and compaction after long hauls and when using lower placement temperatures, and better working conditions for plant and paving crews. Studies in the United States and Europe indicate that significant reductions in production and placement temperatures, and, potentially, in related emissions are possible. However, concerns exist about how these lower production and placement temperatures could influence asphalt binder aging and, consequently, short- and long term performance, specifically rutting. The testing completed in this warm mix asphalt study provided no results to suggest that warm mix technologies should not be used in conventional, gap-graded asphalt rubber, and open-graded friction course mixes in California, provided that standard specified mix design, construction, and performance limits for hot mix asphalt are met. The use of warm mix asphalt has clear benefits when compared to hot mixes. These include significant reductions in, or even elimination of, smoke and odours, lower emissions, improved workability, better working conditions, and better performance on projects with long hauls or where mixes are placed under cool conditions. The slightly higher costs of using warm mix technologies are outweighed by these benefits. Based on the findings of this study, the use of warm mix

Keywords: Organic additive:  SASOBIT (Paraffin wax), Chemical additive: EVOTHERM (Soya wax).

Title: WARM MIX ASPHALT

Author: Pramukh N, Hemanth H, Pooja R_, Rakshith H_, Charan kumar K M

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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