Vol 2 Issue 2 April 2014-June 2014

Abstract: ATCSR is an Automated Toll Collection System using RFID used for collecting tax automatically. In this we do the identification with the help of radio frequency. A vehicle will hold an RFID tag. This tag is nothing but unique identification number assigned. This will be assigned by RTO or traffic governing authority. In accordance with this number we will store, all basic information as well as the amount he has paid in advance for the TOLL collection. Reader will be strategically placed at toll collection center. Whenever the vehicle passes the toll booth, the tax amount will be deducted from his prepaid balance. New balance will be updated. Incase if one has insufficient balance, his updated balance will be negative one. To tackle this problem, we have camera on the way to capture the image of respective vehicle. As vehicles don’t have to stop in a queue, this translates to reduced Traffic congestion at toll plazas and helps in lower fuel consumption. This is very important advantage of this system.

Keywords: ATCSR, RFID Reader, RFID Tag, Toll Collection, GSM, Camera

Title: AUTOMATIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEM USING RFID

Author: Aniruddha Kumawat, Kshitija Chandramore

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract:  Voltage stability is one of the important issues in power system. Voltage sage, voltage swell and generation of harmonics that may cause system instability. To compensate all these problems in transmission system svc is used. Static VAR Compensator (SVC) has been used as a supplementary controller to improve transient stability and power oscillation damping of the system. The aim of svc with fuzzy logic controller is to make it more compatible with prevailing load demand so as to maintain the system stability under heavy load condition or light loading conditions. A static VAR compensator is chosen as a low cost solution to replace a conventional capacitor bank, thus allowing a continuous and flexible nodal voltage adjustment. Fuzzy logic is new control approach with great potential with real time applications. Due to simplest structure, easy designing and low cost, PI controller is used in SVC as voltage regulator in most industries. But its drawback is that due to highly nonlinearity, or uncertainty it is not able to control. Hence we need to design svc with fuzzy controller.

Keywords:  FACTS, fuzzy logic, reactive power, SVC, voltage stability

Title: Voltage Stability Improvement by using SVC with Fuzzy Logic Controller in Multi-Machine Power System

Author: Roopesh Kumar, Ashish Choubey

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Human can see emotion as associated with mood, temperament, personality and disposition. To detect emotions is easy for humans but it’s quite difficult for computer as world is three dimensional but Computer has only two dimensions. Computer seeks to emulate the human emotions by digital image analysis. Humans can use vision to identify objects quickly and accurately. Human can detect emotion using voice based on different parameters like tone, pitch, pace and volume; but in case of digital images detecting emotion just by analysing images is a novel way.

This algorithm has two major parts. First, Template database generation and another is emotion detection. In this, we first extracts face from an image using some basic image processing operations and color models in it. Here we define thresholds to separate our region of interest. Then we perform lip detection on cropped face and this extracted lips  are stored in our database with emotion name in database generation phase while in emotion detection phase this extracted lips are compared with series of stored template in database and on the basis of best correlated template emotion is recognized. This method of detecting emotions is simple and fast as compared to previous methods i.e. using brain activity or by speech. Size of database will affect the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Keywords: Emotion Detection, Face Detection, Lip Detection, Skin Segmentation.

Title: Emotion Detection Algorithm

Author: Namrata Mahajan, Harshad Mahajan

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Power electronic devices, nonlinear and inductive loads have given rise to power quality problem in distribution systems. One way to improve the power quality is using a Static Compensator (STATCOM). This paper presents the simulation studies on a Cascaded H-Bridge converter based Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for improving the power quality of a distribution system. The main object of this paper to maintain the voltage profile by compensating the reactive power. Relative Harmonic analysis is also discussed in this paper based on the total harmonic distortion (THD) calculations.

Keywords: Reactive power compensation, STATCOM, H bridge multilevel converter pulse width modulation (PWM), harmonics.

Title: Performance Analysis of Multilevel Converter Based On Statcom Configuration

Author: Vishakha Tiwari

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: This research work is supervised by ANN based algorithm to classify the ECG waveforms. The ECG waveform gives the almost all information about activity of the heart, which is depending on the electrical activity of the heart. In this paper we are focused only five features of ECG signal P, Q, R, S, T. This is achieved by extracting the various features and duration of ECG waveform P-wave, PR segment, PR interval, QRS Complex, ST segment, T-wave, ST- interval, QTc and QRS voltage. ECG signal and heart rate are used the parameter for detection diseases, most of the data comes from PhysioDataNet and MIT-BIH data base. This research is focused on to find out best neural network structure which classifies the abnormalities of heart diseases. This technique also identifies the normal region for classification of abnormalities; because of ECG waveform is varying from person to person at different condition.

Keywords:  ECG, ANN, PhysioDataNet, Classification.

Title: ECG Classification with the Help of Neural Network

Author: Gaurav Kumar Jaiswal, Ranbir Paul

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: The main objective of this project is to provide security in an organization by allowing only the authorized personnel to access the secure area. The security of any organization is a priority for the authorities. The concern is for the physical property and also for the intellectual property. For this reason only the authorized person with a valid RFID tag is allowed into the secured premises. This tag contains an integrated circuit that is used for storing and processing information, modulating and demodulating the radio frequency signal that is being transmitted. Thus, once the person shows the RFID tag to the card reader it scans the data present in the tag and compares it with the data present in the microcontroller. When the data matches with that in the microcontroller, the load will be turned ON which is operated by a relay being driven from the output of the microcontroller. If a valid tag is swiped then the system displays a message “AUTHORIZED” else it states “UNAUTHORIZED” and doesn’t allow access. A lamp is used as an indication besides the LCD display. This project can be further enhanced by interfacing it with GSM technology. Any attempt for unauthorized access can be intimated to the security personnel through an SMS. It can also be interfaced with a finger print module to reduce the drawback of RFID system i.e. exchanging RFID tags.

Keywords: RFID tags, Security system. Authorized access.

Title: AUTOMATIC GATE OPENING SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES WITH RFID OR PASSWORD

Author: Prajapati Dipali K,  Raj Roshani D,  Patel Komal C.,  Hilali Marhaba A.

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: This research paper focuses on the design and simulation of a D-STATCOM when connected to a distribution system. Simulink from MATLAB is used in the design and simulation of the D-STATCOM. With the struggle envisioned for trying the project in a real power system, the Sim-Power Systems (SPS) software provides me with the required simplicity and relative analytical power to rapidly design the D-STATCOM model example which had been validated from Power Systems Testing and Simulation Laboratory of Hydro-Quebec, a utilities lab situated in Canada. The D-STATCOM was tested by varying different parameters like the voltage, load etc. and from readings at different time intervals the inductive, capacitive and no load mode was seen. Many other factors that affect power quality are also describe from the simulation which production and reduction of active and reactive power, changes in the modulation index etc. The D-STATCOM's fast and effective response was proven through the simulations.

Keywords: simulation of a D-STATCOM, reactive power, modulation index, Simulink.

Title: ANALYSIS OF A D-STATCOM IN A 25 KV POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USING SIMULINK

Author: Rehan Abidi, Dr. Mutasim Nour

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: In today’s time the concept of robots is seen as a way to reduce the human efforts and increase the productivity without compromising on quality and accuracy of the work. This project considers the implementation of a robot which can be operated wirelessly using Bluetooth technology. Integrating hardware and software is the key for this project. By integrating hardware and software, the students found just how much technology can be used to develop an outstanding project. The group went a step further by creating an even safer version of the mower. In addition, the autonomous version is also much more convenient for the user. The project includes a heavy amount of circuitry, programming, and integration of the two. The project was done in two different stages.  The first stage the group completed was the android application for the wireless control of the Lawn Mower.  The second stage of their project was creating an Autonomous Lawn Mower. This report describes different aspects (Technical and Non-Technical) of the lawnmower.

Keywords: Lawn mower, Bluetooth communication, Android application, Microcontroller, Transmission, Reception.

Title: WIRELESS LAWN MOWER

Author: Pavan R. Agrawal, Amit B. Yevale, Anant T. Pawar, Balraj P. Parab

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract:  The occurrence of a large disturbance in a power system can lead to a decline in the system frequency and bus voltages due to a real and reactive power deficiency or due to the formation of islands with generation–load imbalance. Load shedding is a last line of control action that can prevent a blackout in the power system by relieving the overload in some parts of the system. This paper describes a new algorithm for load sheding under emergency condition to avoid risk of voltage instability. For this purpose minimum eigen value of load flow Jacobian has been selected as proximity indicator, which is obtained using continuation power flow methodology. The amount of load to be shed is decided by sensitivity index so as to maintain a threshold value of proximity indicator and all load bus voltages within limit. Sensitivity of indicator with respect to load (real & reactive power) to be shed has been used to rank the load buses and, simultaneously minimize the computation time and amount of load to be shed. Higher order load buses are selected for load sheding to avoid voltage collapse problem in stipulated time to maintain the reliability of the supply system. Developed algorithm has been implemented on a IEEE 14-bus system, 20-line test system.

Keywords: Load shedding, voltage instability, minimum eigenvalue, sensitivity index and continuation power flow.

Title: Load Shedding Based on Sensitivity Index to Avoid Voltage Collapse

Author: Bharti Pandey, Dr L S Titare

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: For efficient and reliable operation of power system it is important to control voltage and reactive power. In power distribution network, reactive power is the main cause of increasing distribution system loss and various power quality problems. Power quality issues are gaining significant attention due to the increase in the number of sensitive loads. Distribution Static Compensator is an important device in improving power factor, maintaining constant distribution voltage, and mitigating harmonics in a distribution network. Distributed Static Compensator is a fast-acting reactive power source that can reduce voltage variations and voltage instability in the power system, and can aid in faster system voltage recovery after contingency events. When D-STATCOM is associated with a particular load, it can inject compensating current so that total demand meets the specification for utility connection. This paper shows the control techniques and application of D-STATCOM in Distributed Generation System to mitigate voltage fluctuation and overcome the risks of power blackouts.

Keywords:  D-STATCOM, Distributed Generation System, Voltage Source Converter, Voltage Fluctuation, Power Blackout, Micro-Grid.

Title: D-STATCOM APPLICATION TO MITIGATE VOLTAGE FLUCTUATION AND OVERCOME POWER BLACKOUT RISKS

Author: RAJNEE SAGAR, V. JAYALAKSHMI

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: The active power filter implemented with a voltage source inverter is connected with the load, and the combined filter and load then draws a sinusoidal current from the ac source. The shunt active power filter is considered as a controllable current source to supply the equal but opposite harmonic current and reactive current drawn from the non-linear loads such that the ac source only supplies the fundamental active current to the loads. There are many control techniques available for shunt active power filter. The solar array is used as the source of the filter and the reason for choosing solar source because it is easy to harvest, pollution free and vast energy present around the world. So the solar energy is connected with filter and inject the power to the grid. In this project, shunt active power filter based on PQ theory is implemented. The principle of filter is that the combination of non linear load and the filter is made to be PQ theory by means of controlling the duty ratio of the filter. The simulation results of this filter are carried with well known PQ theory for unbalanced load, where the single phase load is treated as an unbalanced load. Finally, conclusions are duly drawn.

Keywords: Instantaneous Power Theory, Maximum Power Point Tracking, Shunt Active Power Filter, Solar PV Array.

Title: Designing of Single Phase Shunt Active Filter Using Instantaneous Power Theory

Author: Jeevananthan.K.S

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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