Vol 4 Issue 4 October 2016-December 2016

Abstract: Optimal power flow is an optimizing tool for operation and planning of modern power systems. This OPF problem involves the optimization of various types of objective functions while satisfying a set of operational and physical constraints while keeping the power outputs of generators, bus voltages, shunt capacitors/reactors and transformers tap settings in their limits. In an interconnected power system network obtaining maximum performance, maintaining system stability limits and facilitating efficient system operation are the challenging tasks. This project presents a new hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm as a modern optimization tool to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The objective functions considered are the system power losses, fuel cost, valve point effects, ramp-rate limits, prohibited operating zones, and spinning reserves. The proposed algorithm makes use of the PSO, known for its global searching capabilities, to allocate the optimal control settings. PSO algorithm is combined with conventional IPM algorithm to form hybrid PSO algorithm. A hybrid inequality constraint handling mechanism that preserves only feasible solutions is incorporated in the proposed approach. To demonstrate its robustness, the proposed algorithm was tested on the IEEE 30-bus system. Several cases were investigated to test and validate the consistency of detecting optimal solution for each objective. The results show that the proposed hybrid method successfully and efficiently handles the equality and inequality constraints for PSO algorithms. Keywords: PSO algorithms, OPF problem, Optimal power flow problem, EEE 30-bus system. Title: NEW HYBRID PSO ALGORITHM FOR NON-CONVEX OPTIMAL POWER FLOW PROBLEM Author: M. Sreenivasa reddy, V. Leela kumar International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Forecasting the electricity load demand is an important task in power utility companies because accurate load forecasting results are economic, reliable and secure power system operation and planning. Electricity demand forecasting is concerned with the prediction of a very short-term, medium-term and long-term load demand, depending on the time horizon. Short term load forecasting can help to estimate load flows and to make decisions that can prevent overloading. In this paper, a fuzzy logic approach for short term load forecasting is attempted. Time, temperature and humidity are used as the independent variables for short term load forecasting. The regression model that takes the weather parameters in winter season. The parameters of the model are estimated using static estimation algorithm and are used later to predict the load for twenty four hours ahead. The results obtained are discussed and conclusions are drawn. New fuzzy models are developed for crisp load power with fuzzy load parameters and for fuzzy load power with fuzzy load parameters. The fuzzy parameters are obtained for the model. s Keywords: Load forecasting, short term load forecasting, Fuzzy logic, Fuzzy inference system Introduction. Title: An Approach for Short Term Load Forecasting Using Fuzzy Logic Author: Gurshan Singh Hans, Jagdeep kaur, Er . Simerpreet Singh International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Radio frequency identification (RFID) system is a wireless technology deployed in virtually all spheres of life in to identify objects by means of radio signals. In recent times, the development RFID technology has been alarming with enormous advantages despite its predicament and its been used for several purposes such as: production control, merchandise management, health care services and logistics management. This paper present a preview of the various aspects of RFID by reviewing its applications, limitations, merits/demerits, the standards and the technology involve. The approach produces a unique result which solves the problem of laborious literature survey to obtain basic knowledge of RFID. Keywords: radio, frequency, technology, wireless. Title: A Review of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) System Author: S.O. Anaza, M. S. Abdulazeez, I. Anugboba, S. I. Anako, K. U. Abdullahi International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Android Automated Studio Monitors is a prototype developed for people with partial hearing loss. It can even be used by normal people who wants a exact reference from the monitor speakers. This Idea enables the sound engineers to mix properly with a perfect flat frequency response. The first module is developed in Android platform which detects the hearing loss in a particular frequency and the second module is connected with the studio monitors which calibrates according to the data from the first module. By using these two modules the frequency is manipulated according to the hearing of the sound engineers. The data transfer is done using GSM (Global system for mobile). Keywords: Android, Studio monitors, GSM, automatic audio calibration, hearing loss analysis. Title: Android Automated Studio Monitors Author: V. Alan Immanuel Benjamin International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This work is about developing a procedure which obtains frequency response for any linear time invariant circuit in MATLAB® Simulink environment. A flowchart has been proposed to obtain frequency response by mathematical linear blocks which are available in Simulink and finally an example has been used to demonstrate the merits of the developed frequency response analyzer. Keywords: Frequency Response Analysis (FRA), linear time invariant, MATLAB® Simulink. Title: Developing a Frequency Response Analyzer for Electric Circuits Using MATLAB® Simulink Author: S.Ghahghahzadeh, K.Ghanbari International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper presents the design, construction and implementation of microcontroller low voltage switched 1.5KVA pulse width modulation inverter system. This device is used to convert the DC generated by battery to AC output. The developed circuit utilizes SG3524 control circuitry. It was designed to provide automatic changeover once the supply voltage is below 160V. The supply voltage is fed to the microcontroller through an Analog to Digital converter. The microcontroller monitors the supply voltage and biases the BC547 transistor connected to one of its pins once the supply voltage is below 160V and then switches on the inverter. The inverter monitors the overall output power drawn from the inverter using a combination of operational amplifier, resistors and transistors to avoid overload. The system takes in 12V DC source and delivers a modified square wave form at a frequency of 50Hz at a period of 20ms within a voltage range of 200V to 230V. Keywords: Inverter, Direct Current, Alternating Current, Pulse Width Modulation, Microcontroller, Analog to Digital Converter, SG3524. Title: Design and Implementation of Microcontroller Low Voltage Switched 1.5 KVA Pulse Width Modulation Inverter System Author: Nwokoye, A.O.C, Ikenga, O.A, Anene C.R International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: An energetic snubber cell is proposed to control zero voltage- transition (ZVT) pulse width-modulated (ZVT-PWM) converters. Exclusive for the auxiliary switch, all active and passive semiconductor devices in a ZVT-PWM converter operate at zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turn on and turn off. The auxiliary switch operates at ZVS turn off and near zero-current-switching (ZCS) turn on. An logical study on a boost ZVT-PWM converter with the proposed active snubber cell is presented in detail. Six basic ZVT-PWM converters can be simply formed by attaching the proposed active snubber cells to Conventional PWM converters. Keywords: Converters, pulse width modulation, switching circuits. Title: An Application of Soft Switching for Efficiency Improvement in ZVT-PWM Converters Author: Shivaraj Kumar H.C, Noorullah Sherif, Gourishankar C International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Solar inverters which are transformer less possess high efficiency when compared to that of an isolation link. A major issue with this is the leakage current issue. In this paper we propose a single phase with six switch transformer less inverter topologies along with an ac bypass circuit. With the help of these circuits the two unidirectional freewheeling current units are embedded in the midpoint of a full bridge inverter. This is done to attain a freewheeling current path, to separate the solar panels from the grid in the freewheeling state. The advantage of freewheeling is that it consists of very few devices and avoids the poor performance body diodes which lead to higher efficiency. It is also not required to add a voltage balancing control system as that of a half bridge inverter. In this paper, simulations are also added in order to validate the proposed topologies. Keywords: Solar panel, Single phase six-switch transformerless inverter, Leakage current, Grid connected inverter. Title: Transformer less Grid Connected Inverter with Leakage Current Elimination Author: SOWMIYA.N, JANAKI.N International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: there has been great advancement in the image processing industries. The diversity applications and its contribution especially in the medical diagnosis, security systems, fault detection and recognition have motivated the growing of the digital image processing. However the image enhancement is massively and extensively stand as the central processing stage highly demanded. Most images taken by medical instruments and astronomical equipment, satellite images, aerial images and even real life photographs suffer from are of low quality and not easy to analyze, poor contrast and noise. it is necessary to enhance the contrast and remove the noise to increase image quality analyze basing on the demand, therefore image enhancement has taken place to improve the image quality and prepare them for analysis and further processing. In this paper we revealed the Fundamental techniques and schemes for enhancement in imaging in Spatial Domain and analyzed them and suggested the best schemes and overview direction to the future researchers at last. Image enhancement techniques improves the quality (clarity) of images for human viewing, removing blurring and noise, increasing contrast, and revealing details. The enhancement technique differs from one field to another according to its objective. The existing techniques of image enhancement can be classified into two categories: spatial domain and frequency domain enhancement. Keywords: Spatial domain, Frequency domain, Wavelet, Point operation, Neighborhood operations. Title: Critical Analysis of Image Enhancement Techniques Author: Benedictor Alexander Nguchu International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Through this research we are trying to design an energy efficient survivable path routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks which is efficient in term of the energy usage of the whole network such that the network will not get disconnected because of the energy depletion of its nodes. Still there are so many routing algorithms in this field. We are trying for a protocol in the real time network where the traffic is more and also congested by so many data sources sending their packets to the base station at the same time. We are proposing a protocol which selects the path with a high survivability factor at the same time it should try to select the one which has less interference from the other nodes as well as the environment. For selecting the next hop node, our algorithm uses a criterion which is a function of the signal-to-interference-noise-ratio of the link between those two, the survivability factor the path from that node to the destination, and the geographic distance from that node to the destination. Keywords: Energy, Traffic, WSN, Hop, Protocol. Title: Optimizing Energy of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network with Secure Hoping Author: Fahad Alotaibi, Carlos Otero International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In power industries, fuel expenses constitute a significant part of the overall generation costs. In general, there exist different types of thermal power units based on fuel used, with different production costs, generating capacities and characteristics in a system. The system usually operates under continuous variation of consumer load demand. Determining an optimal economical dispatch schedule of a set of generating units to meet a load demand while satisfying a set of operational constraints is called the Unit Commitment Problem. This paper describes the application of genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic for determining short-term commitment of thermal units in electrical power generation. Feasibility of these methods is examined and preliminary results to determine near optimal commitment order of thermal units in studied power system over short term are reported. The results obtained from genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic based approach are compared with the priority list method solution to unit commitment problem. The comparison proves that genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic based approach are powerful tools for solving such highly non-linear, multi constrained optimization problems in electrical power systems. Keywords: Unit Commitment, Genetic Algorithm, Fuzzy Logic, Priority List. Title: Thermal Unit Commitment Author: Dr. Deepak P. Kadam International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Automation refers to the controlling of manufacturing processes by the use of automatic equipments and thus introducing minimum human intervention. As a result the product quality and the system accuracy is improved. Saving of energy, material and labor is also achieved. The present paper focuses on the role of engineering in food industries. It exhibits automatic control of level and temperature of a tea powder manufacturing process using PLC. The automation is further enhanced by the interfacing of PLC with the SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) for continuous monitoring. The PLC and the SCADA control technique controls the process parameters quite accurately, and satisfactory results are found. This is a simple example of process automation, which can be applied at industry level as well. Keywords: Automation, PLC, SCADA, SoMachine Basic EL software. Title: Automation of Level and Temperature Control in Food Industries using PLC and SCADA Author: Anisa Aftab, Mrs. Hemavathi R, H Prasanna Kumar International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Research Publish Journals