Vol 5 Issue 4 October 2017-December 2017

Abstract: Energy Efficiency and Demand Side Management (DSM) have significant potential in India. The need for affordable electricity and peak shortages make DSM important for India. (DSM) have significant potential in India. Demand-side management has been recently recognized as a strategic concept in smart electricity grids. In this context, active demand (AD) represents a demand response scenario in which households and small commercial consumers participate in grid management through appropriate modifications of their consumption patterns during certain time periods in return of a monetary reward. This paper intends to highlight the need and scope of implementing DSM Techniques to improve energy efficiency in all major sectors.

Keywords: Aggregated Demand Response(ADR), Demand Side Management(DSM), Load Management Techniques (LMTs), Demand Response(DR), Offline Ranking Analysis (ORA), Real-Time Ranking Modification (RTRM), Integer Programming (IP).

Title: Current DSM Techniques to Improve Energy Efficiency: A Review Article

Author: Mrs. Sowmya G, Dr. Surekha Manoj

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: This paper presents a compact and low cost rectangular patch antenna that was used as a sensor for real time agriculture measurements, industry. The microstrip patch antenna is designed to operate at microwave frequency 2.45GHz on FR4 substrate with 1.57mm thickness.  The radiation loss due to water molecules in the soil sample will be proportional to the moisture content in it.  Many types of moisture measurement methods are used such as oven drying  method, neutron probe  method etc. These methods are very cheap and easy to use but there are some drawbacks they are more time consuming as well as energy consuming . To resolve these problems microstrip patch antenna is used to determine the moisture content of soil. In this method microwaves are incident on soil sample on one side and received signal is measured at other side. if the moisture content in the soil is more then signal will be attenuated As we increased water, the received voltage will be decreases. This shows that the electromagnetic radiation gets affected by the water molecules and hence this principle can be used for many applications. One of them is measuring moisture content in soil.

Keywords: Soil Moisture Content, Patch Antenna, Printed Circuit Board, voltage controlled oscillator Microcontroller, Display.

Title: Determination of Moisture Content of Soil Using Microwaves

Author: Yogita T.Patil, Dr. Uttam L. Bombale

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Full wave electromagnetic field solvers are essential tools in computer-aided microwave circuit design. When properly configured, commercial simulators are capable to analyze phenomena at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. Nonetheless, an assessment of the accuracy with which the simulation of ultra-broadband interconnects is accomplished becomes a difficult task. This is in part due to the large dependence of frequency-domain results with the selection of the computational domain of electromagnetic fields. This paper introduces a benchmark as a systematic method for the simulation of planar interconnects. Our method computes the line impedance to solve the size of numeric ports and the computational domain of fields. Its foundation lies on the modelling of microwave circuits allowing accurate predictions at high frequencies. The solution is validated by comparing simulation results with previously reported measurements of a Substrate Integrated Waveguide structure designed to operate in Ka band (26.5-40 GHz). It is seen that the method is well-suited for optimization of interconnects since the benchmark solution diminishes radiation losses associated to unwanted interactions with the bounding box. Our simulations make use of a commercial field solver based on finite difference time-domain method.

Keywords: Electromagnetic field solvers, Finite difference time domain, Planar interconnect, Line impedance computation and Substrate integrated waveguide.

Title: A Benchmark for Full Wave Electromagnetic Simulation of Optimized Planar Interconnects

Author: Jorge Aguilar-Torrentera, Manuel Munguia-Macario

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Voltage profile at different nodes in the power system is greatly affected by the variations in load and generation profiles during normal and abnormal operating conditions. Under-voltages adversely impact the system voltage stability margin and bulk power carrying capacity of transmission lines, which may lead to steady state or dynamic voltage collapse phenomena. On the other hand, over-voltages ultimately lead to equipment insulation failure. In order to avoid these situations, the power utility operator in the control center will have to re-dispatch the reactive power control devices. The reactive power control devices are generators, tap positions of on-load tap changer of transformers, and shunt capacitors and reactors that are used to correct voltage limits violations while simultaneously reducing the system real power losses. In this work, a genetic algorithm (GA) based approach to the optimization of reactive power, voltage profile improvement and real power loss is presented. GAs are well-known global search techniques anchored on the mechanisms of natural selection and genetics. The feasibility and effectiveness of the used algorithm is tested and verified on the IEEE 30 bus system for six different case studies.

Keywords: Genetic algorithm; hybrid intelligent system; voltage profile; loss reduction; topology evaluation; sensitivity factors. 

Title: Application of Genetic Algorithms in Voltage Profile Improvement and Loss Reduction in Interconnected Power Systems

Author: Kamel A. Shoush, Salah Eldin K. Elsayed

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: This paper proposed a physical model for high voltage bus-ducts to obtain frequency response. The model were transformed to a block diagram which can be implemented in MATLAB® Simulink environment where it was subjected to BODE operation. Also an experiment were executed for comparing the trend of achieving resulted curves in theory and in practice.

Keywords: Bus-duct, Frequency Response Analysis (FRA), Simulink, electrical modeling.

Title: Physical Modeling of HV Bus-Ducts for Obtaining Frequency Response Using Simulink®

Author: S. Ghahghahzadeh, K. Ghanbari, M.R. Najafpoor Birgani

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: While HVAC maintenance is primarily a technical service, it is provided by people who work for other people, and is performed for people who own or occupy a building. A maintenance measure is only effective if technicians have the tools, skills and training to implement it properly. Heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems consume the largest portion of energy used in a building. Many building faults that occur during a project life cycle hugely contribute to energy loss, including: operational faults from improper installation, poor testing and commissioning, poor integration with building management systems, equipment degradation, sensor offset failures and control logic problems. They can be grouped into several categories, including: (1) control fault, (2) sensor offset, (3) equipment performance degradation, (4) fouling fault, (5) stuck fault, and others. The present study identified seven factors affected HVAC Maintenance performance that increased the energy consumption. These factors are: building design, temperature and humidity sensors, condition of HVAC Units, rules and regulations, engagement with stakeholders and allocation of budgets.  Questionnaires were distributed to 150 participants:  designers, facility managers and maintenance experts working in companies in Abu Dhabi. Exploratory data analysis using descriptive statistics was used to measure which of the above factors are more important and have significant effects on HVAC maintenance performance and increased the energy consumption. The results showed that the most important factors affecting HVAC system maintenance are: the HVAC system, the building design, and the engagement with stakeholders, in that order.

Keywords: HVAC Systems, HVAC Maintenance, Factors, Energy Consumption, Building Design.

Title: Factors Affecting HVAC System Maintenance - Abu Dhabi - UAE

Author: Mohamed Hassan Salih Noureldin, Ghalib Y. Kahwaji, Astuty Amrin, Shamsul Sarip

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

Research Publish Journals