Vol 4 Issue 1 January 2016-March 2016

Abstract: From the last three decade the use of composite material, plastic and ceramics are replaces the other material. The application of the composite material grown steadily and which occupied the new market. In our daily life use of the composite material in different field because of their combinational properties which include high resistance to thermal expansion. The main reason for using the composite is to reduce the weight. The environmental issues have recently generated considerable interest in development of recyclable and biodegradable composite materials. Therefore, research in the field of using Natural fibers has attracted much attention in the material science and engineering discipline. Natural fiber is certainly a renewable resource that can be grown and made within a short period of time. In present investigation hybrid composite is developed using Hemp/E-glass as reinforcing material and Epoxy as a matrix material. To sustain the environmental condition and water absorption, E-glass fiber is used. The fabrication is done using hand lay-up technique. The developed hybrid composite will be subjected to different kind of test to determine mechanical properties. The result shows that the hybrid composite with a composition of 40% HF and 30% GF has good tensile property to other hybrid composite at 0° fiber orientation. For 30° fiber orientation hybrid composite with a composition of 50% HF and 20% GF has good flexural & impact property to other hybrid composite. Keywords: Natural fibers, Hemp fiber, E-Glass fiber, Hand lay-up method, Tensile, Flexural, Impact. Title: Mechanical Characterization of Hybrid Hemp/Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite Author: Mr. Hareesh M, Mr. Sunil M, Mr. Naveen Kumar H N, Mr. Rohith Kumar K International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In this paper we try to present an innovative research oriented product designed as an optical accessory. The design of this product is based on a developable idea. The product is called GlassXx© as coined by the authors. It is a hybrid glass that can be used in a variety of modes depending upon the user and environment. The Glass is controlled by a neuro sensor connected to the user in the form of a head band included in the design powered by body heat. The lens used in these glasses are the multi layered, multi utility, electrically excited glasses that change their optical properties according to the control signal applied from the controller attached to the brain sensor and light intensity sensors. The brain waves of the patient are to be studied before using the glasses and a usable extraction is obtained from the data to allow the user to control the lens properties via the brain sensor. Keywords: lens, BCI, brain sensor, waves, sensors, glasses, light, optical properties, frequency. Title: Multi-Utility Glasses Author: Nadeem Tariq Beigh, Mir Mohammad Burhan International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Solar energy technology has developed rapidly in the last few decades. In this paper we have an overview of the solar energy technologies in various aspects. Solar energy has many environmental, economical and societal benefits. However, there are predictors for its geographical distribution, which are explained in this paper. Solar energy technologies have few types from which: Thermal, Photovoltaic and Hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) systems; using a hybrid solar system can increase the output efficiency. Photovoltaic-thermal system can increase the power capacity of the photovoltaic between 2% and 15% and increase the power generation efficiency between 2.29% and 3.37% and the PVT overall system energy between 37% and 59%. In addition, the combination PVT system can increase the life of the photovoltaic cells used in the systems. We also discussed the potentials and limitations of using the solar power in general and the PVT in particular. We have included a method for calculating the output power of the PV systems. Keywords: photovoltaic-thermal (PVT), Solar energy. Title: Solar Energy Overview Author: Ahmed Albunayyih International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Health care facility should be accessible by all at all times. But some of the people that should access these facilities are far removed from these facilities. More so, in the few available facilities, qualified medical personnel are always key issues that need urgent redress. In view of the foregoing, it would be of great necessity to provide an intelligent decision support system that will provide a complementary medical service, such as medical disease diagnosis in places where accessibility is a problem as well as health care facilities where qualified experts are lacking, hence this research will focus on Intelligent Decision Support System for Malaria and Typhoid Fever Diagnosis. The software has been designed to be interactive with audio capability eliciting from the user if they have symptoms of the diseases. The user response helps the Intelligent Decision Support System to determine the level at which the disease is present. The user is further advised on what next to do. This software is implemented in visual basic programming environment. Keywords: Intelligent Decision Support System, Malaria and Typhoid Fever Diagnosis, Subject Matter Experts (SME). Title: Hybrid Intelligent Decision Support System for Malaria and Typhoid Fever Diagnosis Author: Chukwuedozie N Ezema, Albert C Agulanna, Okechi Onuoha, Helen U Nonyelu, Nwannedimma M Anagbogu International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The main objective of this research was to design an energy efficient, hybrid digital weighing scale which can be used in all weight measuring operations. It is basically designed to take weights in kg and display on LCD. The design is justified on the basis of the purpose and importance of weight machine in various aspects. This machine can detect minute magnitude of weight placed over it and can accurately measure in kilograms and displays it over a digital scale. It could be used in homes, industries, shops and retail outlets for determining the weights of the various materials being sold to the customers so that the items may be correctly rated as per the displayed weight over the machine. It converts pressure into appropriate voltage levels. This voltage level is filtered and converted into digital data in the microcontroller which is then displayed on a LCD. Keywords: Microcontroller System. RC Reset System, Ratiometric Measurement, Data Memory, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). Title: Energy Efficient Hybrid Digital Weighing Scale Author: Chukwuedozie N Ezema, Albert C Agulanna, Okechi Onuoha, Helen U Nonyelu, Nwanyinnaya Nwogu International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Air conditioning is used to maintain temperature, humidity, air circulation, and air quality within an indoor environment. Although health, safety, and economics are being given increased attention; comfort is still a major concern in the HVAC industry. This paper investigates the airflow pattern, comfort, and discomfort zones inside a seminar room. The flow patterns inside the seminar room are obtained using Computational Fluid Dynamics (Fluent Code). This paper is to use the Computational Fluid Dynamics as a design tool to get the optimum location for furniture, supply, return, and exhaust in such manner that does not affect the architectural aesthetics. Comfort air velocity for occupants is related to their position. The location of supply, return and exhaust has a great effect on the airflow distribution inside the room. Supply, return and exhaust should be located with respect to furniture location to avoid draft which affects comfort inside the room. Keywords: Air flow, air condition, comfort, furniture distribution. Title: Optimization of HVAC Position through Different Furniture Configurations Author: Mohamed Elkaftangui, Yasser Awad, Wael Kamel Amr Hassan International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In this review paper simplex method and its application is discussed. The simplex method has played a vital role during these many years in many real world problems and still the simplex method are improving in order to get the optimum solution .There are many application but a total of three application are taken which describes the implementation of simplex method and its computational advantages with examples. It is one of the popular algorithm for linear programming [1]. Keywords: Primal-Dual, Simplex method, Model predictive control, Dantzig’s method. Title: Some Applications of Simplex Method Author: Divya K.Nadar International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper presents the results of research in removal of TKN, COD, color, TDS, TSS, from pharmaceutical wastewater by electrocoagulation (EC) process using aluminum as a sacrificial electrode which is currently used for the purification of many types of water and wastewater. The effecting parameters such as applied voltage, conductivity and initial pH were studied to achieve higher removal. The performance of EC process was carried out in batch reactor. In this process, samples of 25mL were taken out from the batch at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes of contact time. Results obtained show that the most effective removal efficiency could be achieved at 1 A of applied current. Moreover, the experimental results also show that the COD removal was strongly influenced by the initial pH. EC was found to be very efficient when the range of initial pH is between 4 and 8. The highest COD removal efficiency of 82% occurred at a current of 1A, initial pH of 4 and contact time of 120 min. In this study, the EC process was proved effective and was capable in degrading COD, TKN, Color, TDS, TSS from pharmaceutical wastewater. Keywords: Pharmaceutical compounds; Electrocoagulation process (EC); Aluminium and Iron electrodes; industrial wastewater; COD. Title: Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Process Author: Kushal A. Mehta International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Hitherto our drilling industry is disturbed with challenges of optimal bit selection due to the fact that current bit models in market are bias to very hard Formation like Hard Streak. At Soku Oil field of Niger Delta, Nigeria, West Coast of Africa, there exits challenges in the proper bit to drill the section of the hard Formation, which is associated with siliceous-ferrogenous sandstone with traces of siltstone rapped in augen of shale. This segment of formation affects every inch of drilling – from the bit in the drilling string to drilling tools, mud, hole diameter and general rig operation. Engineers that specialize in bit optimization, including Directional Drillers, possess the analytical skill to evaluate drilling problems in a methodical fashion, carefully considering the larger context of the drilling process. Therefore, to tackle the menace of the hard streak, great experience, regrouping and remodelling of the existing models were done. Data for this study were gathered through personal observation as a Directional Driller at Soku field. Others were from Shell, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Directorate of Petroleum Resources (DPR) and further research from internet. The data were subjected to analytical methods, presented in tables, figures and charts. Based on the data analysis, the findings of the study are that:

*      Insert bits are perfectly good to drill all sections of hard streak provided rotation at bottom is not more than 36 hours, less cones are lost. 

*      The use of PDC bits to drill or ream through the hard streak is an aberration while insert bit (447) is the best for drilling hard streak.

*      Regrouping of International Association of Drilling Companies (IADC) Code and remodelling of current models in the market were inevitable to accommodate selection of bits for the hard streak.

*      The use of steerable motor all through a hard streak to reduce axial lateral vibration on Drilling String is recommended.

Keywords: Hitherto our drilling industry, PDC bits, Directorate of Petroleum Resources (DPR).

Title: Remodelling Bit Selection Model

Author: VICTOR U.K. OGUJIOFOR, ADEWALE DOSUNMU (PROF.)

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: The hard streak is associated with siliceous-ferruginous sandstone with traces of siltstone rapped in augen of shale. Hitherto the drilling industry is disturbed with challenges of optimal bit selection due to a fact that current bit models in market are bias to very hard Formation like hard streak. In Soku Oil field of Niger Delta in Nigeria, West Coast of Africa, there exits challenges on proper bit to drill the section of this hard Formation. This segment of Formation is called drillers’ nightmare because it affects every inch of drilling – from the bit in the drilling string to drilling tools, mud, hole diameter and general rig operation. Most of the current  models were propagated by experiemental without reference to field  practical imput. Engineers that specialize in drill bit optimization, including Directional Drillers, possess the analytical skill to evaluate the drilling problems in a methodical fashion, carefully considering the larger context of the drilling process. Therefore, to tackle the menace of the hard streak, great experience, mineralogical investigation of the streak, regrouping and remodelling of existing models were done. Data for this study were gathered through personal observation as a Directional Driller at Soku field and operators in Niger Delta. They were subjected to analytical methods, presented in tables, figures and charts. Based on the data analysis, the findings of this study are that:

*      Insert bits are perfectly good to drill all sections of hard streak provided rotation at bottom is not more than 36 hours, less cones are lost. 

*      Use of PDC bits to drill or ream through the hard streak is an aberration while insert bit (447) is the best for drilling hard streak.

*      Regrouping of International Association of Drilling Companies (IADC) Code and remodelling of current models in the market were inevitable to accommodate selection of hard streak bits.

*      Use of steerable motor all through a hard streak to reduce axial lateral vibration on drilling string is recommended.

Keywords: International Association of Drilling Companies (IADC) Code, hard streak.

Title: Hard Streak and Hole Instability

Author: VICTOR U.K. OGUJIOFOR, ADEWALE DOSUNMU (PROF.)

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Particle swarm optimization is a algorithm used for design of microstrip patch antenna. It update the population and search for the optimum with random techniques. This paper presents the optimization of microstrip patch antenna for frequency ranges from 3GHz to 14GHz. A substrate material RT/Duroid 5880 of dielectric constant 2.20 and height 1.30mm has been used for the design of microstrip patch antenna. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been used to optimize the parameters like patch length (L), width (W) and Probe offset using simulation software Sonnet 13.52

Keywords: Dielectric constant; Microstrip Patch antenna; Particle swarm optimization; Resonant frequency; Return loss; Smith chart; VSWR; Sonnet 13.52.

Title: Optimization of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Author: Malvinder Singh, Dr. Amandeep Singh Sappal

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ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: This proposed system is an autonomous train and it eliminates the need of any driver. Thus, any human error is ruled out. In this project microcontroller from 8051 family has been used as CPU. Whenever the train arrives at the station it stops automatically, as sensed by an IR sensor. Then the door opens automatically so that the passengers can go inside the train. The door then closes after a prescribed time set. It is also equipped with a passenger counting section, which counts the number of passengers leaving and entering the train. The door closes when it reaches maximum occupancy level irrespective of time allotted for the door to remain open. The passenger status is displayed on a LCD as interfaced to the microcontroller. The movement of the train is controlled by a motor driver IC interfaced to the microcontroller. When the limit of the passengers so set is crossed then the buzzer will start emitting sound.

Keywords: Metro train, door, sensors, microcontroller, limiting count of passengers, LCD, motor, capacitive switch.

Title: Auto Metro Train to Shuttle between Stations Using Capacitive Switch cum Sensor Made of Waste Material for Limiting the Number of Passengers

Author: Rupal Jain

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ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Design of a high performance and high-density multiplier is presented. This multiplier is constructed by using the area, time and power efficient carry select adder. In previous we read about the designing of multipliers using the ripple carry adders. By using the ripple carry adders the propagation delay is high. To overcome this problem we are using the carry select adder in this paper. In the proposed scheme, the carry select (CS) operation is scheduled before the calculation of final-sum, which is different from the conventional approach. Bit patterns of two anticipating carry words (corresponding to cin = 0 and 1) and fixed cin bits are used for logic optimization of CS and generation units. An efficient CSLA design is obtained using optimized logic units. The proposed multiplier design involves significantly less area and delay than the recently proposed multipliers.

Keywords: Adder, arithmetic unit, low power design.

Title: Design of Fastest Multiplier Using Area–Delay–Power Efficient Carry-Select Adder

Author: Mandala Sowjanya, G.S.S Prasad, N.G.N PRASAD

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: BIST schemes generally focus on memory circuit; testing-related issues of video coding have seldom been Addressed this work presents an Error Detection and Data Recovery (EDDR) design, based on the Residue-and Quotient (RQ) code, to embed into ME for video coding testing applications. Additionally, the reliability issue of numerous Processing Elements (PE) in a ME can be improved by enhancing the capabilities of Concurrent Error Detection (CED). Given the critical role of Motion Estimation (ME) in a video coder, testing such a module is of priority concern. While focusing on the testing of ME in a video coding system, BIST schemes generally focus on memory circuit, testing- related issues of video coding have seldom been addressed. Thus, exploring the feasibility of an embedded testing approach to detect errors and recover data of a Motion Estimation (ME) is of worthwhile interest. An error in Processing Elements (PEs), i.e. key components of a ME, can be detected and recovered effectively by using the proposed EDDR design. Experimental results indicate that the proposed EDDR design for ME testing can detect errors and recover data with an acceptable area overhead and timing penalty. Importantly, the proposed EDDR design performs satisfactorily in terms of throughput and reliability for ME testing applications.

Keywords: Motion estimation, processing element, residue-and quotient, error detection circuit, test code generation, circuit under test, error detection and data recovery.

Title: Implementation of Built in self test Architecture for EDDR

Author: Govindarau.M, Joseph.s, Rajesh kumar.k

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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