Vol 10 Issue 2 April 2022-June 2022

Abstract:  Diabetes is a condition where glucose level in the body is high. It is one of the prominent causes of retinal diseases. The survey done by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2017 states that, as of now 425million people on the earth are experiencing diabetes and that India is the second biggest nation [1]. People with diabetes may experience retinal disease such as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), Diabetic Maculopathy (DM), etc. Knowing at the right time about these diseases and keeping the glucose level in the body properly helps in avoiding retinal diseases. DR is one of the retinal diseases found in diabetic patients which may lead to painless vision loss. Hard Exudates (HEs) are the accumulated fat formation in the retina leaked from damaged blood vessels of the retina and it is an early clinical sign of DR and DM. Thus, detection of HE at an early stage helps in preventing vision loss in patients. This survey paper gives a short presentation about the human eye, retina, diabetes and its complications.  This paper also talks about the various methods/techniques that are used in automatic detection of hard exudates and the various issues involved in it.

Keywords: Hard Exudates (HEs), Fovea, Macula, Optic Disk, Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), Diabetic Maculopathy (DM).

Title: A Review on Automatic Detection and Recognition of Hard Exudates in Color Retinal Fundus Images

Author: Rajesh I S, Bharathi M A, Bharathi M R, Nazneen Kiresur

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2022 - June 2022

Page No: 43-47

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 29-June-2022

Abstract: This In construction sector, material management plays major role for effective completion of the project. The cost of project increases when the planning, material identification system is poor. Shortage and deficiency in storage of material will cause losses in labour productivity. To maintain the effective management, to achieve the timely supply of materials and equipment and to reduce the cost of projects, a well-planned material management program is required. This improves planning, higher labour productivity, proper schedules and lower project costs. This paper explains about the techniques for material management for construction project by using S-Curve, ABC Analysis for clear understanding the management of four important construction materials. By implementing these techniques, we have found an optimized way to reduce the cost of the project. Using S-curve technique, the variation in planned cost and actual cost is assessed. Quantity of materials procured for the project should be determined by the using A-B-C analysis.

Keywords: Material management, Procurement, Inventory Control Techniques, A-B-C analysis, S-curve.

Title: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

Author: HARSH A. RAJYAGURU

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2022 - June 2022

Page No: 35-42

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 08-June-2022

Abstract: The diesel engines are the most preferred and selected power sources utilized in several industrial transmission applications, in addition to as an auxiliary/main power supply in the power stations. Emissions from this engine play an essential role in raising pollutants in the air, which greatly impact air quality. Also, it contributes to the destruction of the ozone coating, increasing the greenhouse impact and generating acid rain. This is because of the formation of the emission extracted by diesel gas, which contains dangerous and harmful components like NOx (Nitrogen Oxides), SD (smoke density), PM (Particulate Matter), and other hazardous gases.

The research prime aims are to display the essential pollutants of diesel emissions, present their adverse impacts, illustrate global efforts to minimize their existence, introduce various mechanisms and techniques to control and lessen the emissions from a diesel engine, and eventually provide a comprehensive conclusion concerning the control and emissions technologies for this engine.

Keywords: Emission, Diesel engine, control technologies, and pollutants.

Title: Emissions and Emission Control Technologies of Diesel Combustion Engines

Author: Ahmad Abdul Wahaab Obadah Al-Qenaeei, Hadyan Ali Al-Ajmi

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2022 - June 2022

Page No: 19-34

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 24-May-2022

Abstract: Flash floods are typically associated with short, high-intensity rainstorms. As such, they are characterized by short response time and have the potential to severely impact and damage communities in different climatic settings all over the world. Despite their scientific and social importance, the fundamental processes triggering a flash-flood response are poorly understood. This contribution aims to provide a review of the hydrological mechanisms driving hillslope runoff response to intense rainfall and to characterize runoff response from selected extreme flash floods in Europe. The first part of the chapter provides general concepts regarding the hydrological mechanisms controlling catchment and hillslope runoff response to intense precipitation. Furthermore, we present an overview of scientific investigations carried out in different hydro-climatic settings to characterize the runoff-generation processes occurring under intense rain rates. In the second part of the chapter, we provide an analysis of the runoff properties of a number of extreme flash floods that occurred in Europe since 1994. More specifically, we examine the climatic settings of the flash floods considered, analyzing the distribution of event runoff coefficients and assessing the role of antecedent saturation conditions in controlling the magnitude of extreme flash floods.

Keywords: Flash floods, high-intensity rainstorms, rainfall.

Title: FLASH FLOOD ALERT SYSTEM

Author: Saurabh Walde, Sonam Nikhar, Snehal Dighore, Shraddha Bhoyar, Yakub Sayyed

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2022 - June 2022

Page No: 14-18

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 16-May-2022

Abstract: Automation systems are undergoing continuous evolution since their first appearance during Industry 3.0 era. Hardware and software developments are enabling elements for the continuous evolution of both Information Technology and Operations Technology (IT/OT) systems. Several business drivers make such evolution a necessity for the industries to hold a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Industry 4.0 technologies have been emerging at multiple levels of the automation systems, however at slower pace compared to non-industrial IT systems. That is due to the nature and purpose of automation systems, which set these systems at a relatively conservative position. Yet, we have been witnessing several developments in these systems at multiple levels. And the floor is still open for innovative ideas that exploit Industry 4.0 technologies leading to increased efficiency while meeting safety, security and data integrity requirements. The article concludes with a use case study for integrating Data Analytics, which is a component of Industry 4.0, in automation systems in order to increase data reliability and to have resilient operation.

Keywords: SCADA Systems, Industry 4.0, Data Reliability, Automation Systems.

Title: SCADA Systems Outlook amid Industry 4.0

Author: Wed Hussain Al-Sadah

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2022 - June 2022

Page No: 10-13

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published date: 21-April-2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6475168

Abstract: Structural Strengthening maybe required for structures to accommodate above the design values. Moreover, the change of the building use may require increase in structure element capacity. On the other hand, structural capacity upgrade may be needed in case of structural element deterioration.

Concrete structures need to be strengthened for any of the following reasons:

• Load increase due to higher live loads, increased wheel loads, installations of heavy machinery, or vibrations.
• Damage to the structural parts due to aging of construction materials or fire damage, corrosion of the steel reinforcement and/or impact of vehicles.
• Improvement in suitability for use due to limitation of deflections, reduction of stress in steel reinforcement and/or reduction of crack widths.
• Modification of structural system due to the elimination of walls/columns and/or openings cut through slabs.
• Errors in planning or construction due to insufficient design dimensions and/or insufficient reinforcing steel.

Keywords: Structural Strengthening, Composite RC Slabs, building, structural capacity, heavy machinery.

Title: Behavior of Composite RC Slabs Made of New Slabs Added to Old Ones Using Shear Dowels

Author: Hesham A. Haggag, Moustafa A. Osman, Mohamed I. El- Shewy

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Research Publish Journals