Vol 10 Issue 4 October 2022-December 2022

Abstract: The precise micro-Doppler (m-D) imaging of several small-size, low-altitude, slowly moving targets operating simultaneously is shown in this article. there is a special continuous Wave (CW) Radar operating at 10GHz in the X-Band was used to accomplish this all. A new Spectrum localization and Hough transform-based bandwidth tuning approach is presented based on linear, Rotational, nonstationary, orbital. On the basis of the linear, Rotational, nonstationary, orbital motion multicomponent m-D signatures of the obtained LSS targets, a new method for tuning the bandwidth using the Hough transform and localizing the spectrum is presented. Several actual open-field experiments were conducted out using four different LSS targets in order to practically validate this claim: 1. three-blades 2. a Flapping bionic bird, and 3.  two blades rotational systems.

Keywords: Radar, Low slow and small target, m-D dropper, Hough transform, CW Radar.

Title: A Review on Image Based classification for LSS Targets using Radar

Author: Abhinav Latpate, Tanvi Gaikwad, Mandar Meshram, S.K.Patil, Nargis Akhter, A Arockia Bazil Raj

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 100-112

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 30-December-2022

Abstract: As we know that surveillance in the air has become one of the important defence precautions that we must take. So, for that reason radar plays a very important role as it captures images that can fool a human eye and then converts it into process able data. Then this data can be sorted and classified by our Artificial Intelligence Algorithms. Even here we have a variety of models for this purpose but it is up to us and our data and the output we expect, which Algorithm should be used. Here in this Survey, we have researched on different Radar Systems as well as the different signals that it generates and many AI Algorithms that are currently used in the industry.

Keywords: Radars, Artificial Intelligence, sUAV detection techniques, Classification Techniques, CNN.

Title: A Review on AI Based Target Classification Advanced Techniques

Author: Vinaya Bamane, Jayesh Sapkale, Anisha Pawar, P.G.Chilveri, Nargis Akhter, A Arockia Bazil Raj

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 88-99

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 29-December-2022

Abstract:  In this work, we discuss about different types of radars. We also discuss the image processing part of the data received through these different types of radars. We will get an overall view of how radar function, what are its types, and imaging techniques. We look at the scattering mechanism of electro-magnetic waves which takes place after hitting the target. We also look at the band distribution on different waves. We derive some necessary equation for knowing the target better. We see some effective imaging techniques which are commonly used for both civilian and military purposes.

Keywords: Classification, radar, continuous wave (CW), range, doppler effect, doppler frequency, SAR, ISAR, UAV.

Title: A Survey on Detection and Imaging Techniques for UAVs using RADAR

Author: Mandar Meshram, Abhinav Latpate, Tanvi Gaikwad, S. K. Patil, Sumpurna De, G. Yadav, A Arockia Bazil Raj

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 62-71

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 27-December-2022

Abstract: Image processing of a target using various methods and types of image processing. detecting an accurate target is hard many times because the targets are hidden in foliage, forest and dense area where humans can’t reach the purpose of the research is to improve our defense power and also our various forces like the army. we study foliage target detection with image processing the processing of the image and detect changes in image processing flow compared two images then resizing them checking the grey scale converting the image coveted again into the binary image to check the intensity and sharpness of the image then we plotted the histogram of the image and then the last step labeling is happening Type of image processing1. Visualization- visualization is the process that detects objects that are unseen in the image. 2. realization- In the appreciation of steps we find or get the objects in the image with accuracy.3. enhance and Reconstruction-make an accurate image from the first image. happening in the sharpening and restoration 4. Pattern recognition Measure the various patterns around the objects in the image. this is the process of pattern recognition 5. Retrieval- in retrieval Browse and search images from a huge record of digital images that do not differ from the original image. The two phases fundamentally make up image processing Analyzing and modifying the image once it has been imported using image-capturing software output, the outcome of which might be a preprocess image or a data collection on the image accuracy.

Keywords: Radar, Image processing, target detection, change detection.                                             

Title: A Review on Image Processing Algorithm for Foliage Target Detection and Classification

Author: Nakshtra Bhavsar, Akanksha Tayade, Hrutesh Ghodmare, N.M. Wagdharikar, Sampurna De, A.A Bazil Raj

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 52-61

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 27-December-2022

Abstract: In this survey paper we have discussed about the new blooming technology which is Cognitive Radar. It has various advantages over our classical radar as it mimics our human brain and is adaptive to our environment. We have seen the basic structure and the components along with the working of this Cognitive Radar Systems.

Keywords: Cognitive Radar, Cognitive System, Principle Components, New Algorithms, Cognitive Radar Networks.

Title: A Review on Today’s Cognitive Radar Technology

Author: Vinaya Bamane, Jayesh Sapkale, Anisha Pawar, Nargis Akhther, P.G. Chilveri, A ArockiaBazil Raj

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 41-51

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 27-December-2022

Abstract: the growing demand for security, safety, and environmental protection at the local, state, and federal levels expose the inadequacy of traditional surveillance and control centers to meet the needs and specifications of contemporary border control systems for homeland protection, where both the land border and the maritime border are expected to be monitored. This is true, for instance, of any land border affected by illegal immigration and/or trafficking, as well as any tiny areas, such as vital infrastructure or military or civilian stations in environments with vegetation, such as forests or jungles. Logistics considerations highly advise having very low low-power devices capable of operating for months or years without maintenance in such a demanding environment. Such an instance ought to be ideal for implementing an Unattended For border control, the Ground Sensors (UGS) network uses foliage penetration (FOPEN) radar. This work aims to outline the fundamental properties and initial findings of a surveillance unattended FOPEN (SUF) radar that can identify moving objects, such as humans or cars, in a forested environment.

Keywords: Foliage penetration radar (FOPEN), Ground sensor (UGS), Surveillance unattended FOPEN (SUF).

Title: A Comprehensive Review on Foliage Penetration Radar Systems

Author: Nakshtra Bhavsar, Akanksha Tayade, Hrutesh Ghodmare, N.M.Wagdharikar, Nargis Akhter, AA Bazil Raj

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 28-40

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 27-December-2022

Abstract: An efficient method for reassembling high quality images using datasets obtained through a miniature antenna is the Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR). In contrast to radar, Using ISAR, a moving target is depicted electromagnetically. A radar image of adequate quality can be produced by ISAR radars, which are frequently used on boats or airplanes. In order to analyze the target's performance, the target basically comprises of numerous scatter points, and the Doppler frequency shift produces dispersed data that is returned for the radar to collect. The MATLAB simulation generates two-dimensional images with high resolution and provides cross-range and range (Time-domain signal from the target received) Algorithms for identification and classification can later employ the Range-Doppler pictures.

Keywords: ISAR, DFS, range Doppler, cross-range, azimuth, Dispersion.

Title: A Review on ISAR Imaging Techniques for Low RCS Targets

Author: Sakshi Latthe, Sagar Mohite, Latish Tagde, P.G. Chilveri, Nargis Akhter, A Arockia Bazil Raj

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 15-27

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 27-December-2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7486091

Abstract: In this article, we study the limit problems of some fractional power exponential functions. Jumarie type of Riemann-Liouville (R-L) fractional derivative, fractional L’Hospital’s rule, and a new multiplication of fractional analytic functions play important roles in this paper. In fact, our results are the generalization of these results in classical calculus.

Keywords: fractional power exponential functions, Jumarie type of R-L fractional derivative, fractional L’Hospital’s rule, new multiplication, fractional analytic functions.

Title: Limits of Some Fractional Power Exponential Functions

Author: Chii-Huei Yu

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 9-14

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 23-November-2022

Abstract: We have thousands of banks around the world and these banks revenue through a very small profit from each transaction. So from the bank perspective, they have no idea who is performing these transactions whether they are trusted or untrusted. All they know is that the transaction details have a correct card number and CVV and the user has input the transaction details successfully. but they still lack the ability to detect whether these transactions are coming from an authorized person or not. So whenever a fraud incident happens then the data analysis team needs to study the data and investigate the data and decide whether the transaction was trusted or not. If it was a fraudulent transaction, then the bank needs to compensate the user. This paper will discuss several fraud detection mechanisms that exist in the market already and will propose a new machine learning mechanism that helps to detect fraudulent transactions and helps industries to mitigate the fraud incident.

Keywords: K-N-N algorithm, machine learning, Fraud Detection.

Title: DEBIT AND CREDIT CARD FRAUD DETECTION USING K-N-N IN MACHINE LEARNING

Author: Ahmad Alammar, Yazeed Al Moayed, Nasir Ahmed Algeelani

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 1-8

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 28-October-2022