Vol 6 Issue 1 April 2018-September 2018

Abstract: This article reviews all eligible publications. The available body of data supports an association between environmental factors and the clinical course of bipolar disorder. These factors comprise prenatal, early-life, and entire lifespan aspects. We discuss signs and symptoms of bipolar disorders as well report varying sample sizes. We conducted a comprehensive review of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PubMed databases for all concerned topic until March, 2018. Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is a psychological health condition that causes extreme mood swings that consist of emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). When your mood changes to mania or hypomania (less extreme than mania), person could feel euphoric, full of energy or uncommonly irritable. These mood swings can affect rest, power, activity, judgment, behavior and the capability to think clearly. Episodes of mood swings might happen seldom or several times a year. While most individuals will certainly experience some psychological signs and symptoms in between episodes, some could not experience any. Individuals with bipolar disorder appear to have physical changes in their brains. The importance of these adjustments is still unclear however may at some point aid identify causes. Bipolar disorder is more usual in people that have a first-degree relative, such as a sibling or parent, with the problem.

Keywords: Bipolar disorder, symptoms, article reviews, psychological health.

Title: Overview of Factors That Triggers Mood Episodes’ Bipolar Disorders

Author: Sakinah Hassan Ali Alzaher

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The coronary artery disease is on rise in both developed and developing countries, and is associated with high mortality and morbidity in the globe. Coronary dominance is one of the key indicator of patient outcomes in coronary artery disease. The coronary dominance is also key in interpretation of the coronary arteries investigations and in the management plan of coronary artery diseases. A recent study showed that patient with left coronary dominance are at risk of developing coronary artery disease, therefore this systemic review is crucial in assessment of the anatomical know how on coronary dominance in different geographical regions. The average occurrence of the Right coronary dominance was 71.4%, with left coronary dominance at 15.5% and codominance at 12.8%. However there was a great variation of the dominance among different populations in different geographical region assessed.

Keywords: Coronary artery, dominance, Codominance, anatomical variation, posterior interventricular branch (PIB).

Title: A Systemic Review on Anatomical Variations of Coronary Artery Dominance

Author: Kanyoni.J, Kweri.J, Karuguti .F, Kasyoki J, Malik.A, Mwangi.A

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Neck pain is one of the most common muscle-skeletal disorders in the general population. Two thirds of the general populations have neck pain at some time in their lives and the prevalence of neck pain is highest in middle age (Binder, al, 2007). The main aim of this study is to compare the effect of muscle energy technique and passive stretching on cervical range of motion, pain and functional disability in patients with mechanical neck pain.

Methods: 40 subjects, age between 18-50 years, both genders with mechanical neck pain were taken.  All the subjects were assessed for pain and functional disability with visual analogue scale and neck disability index respectively. After the initial assessment, the subjects were divided into two groups, Group A and Group B. Group A received muscle energy technique where as Group B received passive stretching once a day for 6 days. Both groups received conventional therapy which includes strengthening of neck muscles and hot-pack. Patients were reassessed after the completion of treatment.

Result: After statistical analysis, a significant improvement was found in both groups. However, greater improvement was seen in the group that received muscle energy technique along with conventional exercise

Conclusion: The present study has concluded that both muscle energy technique with conventional exercises and passive stretching with conventional exercises were effective in the management of mechanical neck pain of cervical range of motion, neck disability and pain.

Keywords: Neck pain, Muscle energy technique, passive stretching, Functional disability.

Title: EFFICACY OF MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE AND PASSIVE STRETCHING IN PATIENT WITH MECHANICAL NECK PAIN

Author: DR. Simranjeet kaur (PT), DR. Sandeep Kumar (PT)

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The public health system in Kenya continues to suffer criticism in inadequacy of expectations both in service quality and patient’s satisfaction. It is essential for health facilities to evaluate the administrative aspect on the quality of service being delivered. This study sought to assess the selected administrative functions influence on service quality in healthcare delivery in Vihiga County Hospital, Kenya. The specific objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of administrative financial function on service quality in healthcare delivery. Descriptive cross sectional survey approach was used to carry out the study and targeted staffs and patients. The sample size for study was 384 respondents. A sample of 139 of entire staff and 245 patients were selected randomly from each department Self-administered questionnaires and interviews were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistical tools were used to describe the data. A Pearson correlation test at 95% confidence gave the significance of the relationship between study variables. The study found out that administrative financial function had significant effect on quality healthcare delivery with a Pearson value of 0.538, P=0.00. Financial resources were inadequate in some departments and the rigidity of budgeting made it difficult to cater for emergency needs. This resulted to poor staffing and facilities planning functions which had profound effect on quality healthcare. It is recommended that the hospital administration should partner with development partners through National and County governments so as to have adequate funds delivery.

Keywords: Administrative function, financial function, Quality Healthcare, Kenya.

Title: Influence of Administrative Function on Quality Healthcare Delivery at Vihiga County Hospital, Kenya

Author: Elizabeth Akinyi Onywany, Dr. Franklin Boibanda, Mr. Wenslaus Makhatsa

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: A contact lens (CL) can act as a vector for microorganisms to adhere to and transfer to the ocular surface. A contaminated contact lens case can act as a reservoir for microorganisms that could potentially compromise contact lens wear and lead to sight threatening adverse events. The study aims to evaluate, define, and control the microbial contamination of contact lenses and to assess the following of guidelines by the lenses wearers and its effect on lenses contamination.

Methods: A set of 100 microbiological swab samples from the lenses collected from volunteers suspected with contact with microbial contamination. The samples processed in the microbiology laboratory by streak plate method to isolate microbial contamination.

Results: 23 positive case are found in three different hospitals, all were detected with positive cultures. Women are more than males. A 52.17% of all positive cases were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 26.08% were Staph.aureus, and 21.73% were Klebsiella.

Conclusions: Using of non-sterile hands and leaving the lenses susceptible to pollution without coverage, has a significant impact in the cause of infection of the eye. Therefore, care and awareness using sterile hands and follow the guidelines for lenses to avoid any infection.

Keywords: Contact lenses, Bacterial infection, Nosocomial environment.

Title: MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF CONTACT LENSES AND ADHERENCE TO LENS CARE GUIDELINES AMONG NOSOCOMIAL ENVIRONMENT

Author: Alaa Safeyah, Muazzam Sheriff Maqbul, Mohamed Allulu, Mohannad Safeyah, Rawda Ayman, Aman Azzawi,

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: P.aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) is the most common pathogen isolated from patients who have been hospitalized longer than 1 week. The relative frequency of P. aeruginosa as a nosocomial pathogen has increased. P.aeruginosa can cause multi-systemic infections. Our study aims to assess number of nosocomial infection with P. aeruginosa, and its prevention and control measures.

Methods: A set of 100 microbiological samples collected from different patients in three different hospitals suspected with nosocomial infection. Mechanism of action to detect the prevalence of P. aeruginosa studied by using: Culturing, staining, microscopy, Biochemical reactions, enzymatic test, and fermentation test. 

Results: The total positive cases of the infection occurred in 7 cases, the positive nosocomial infection rate was 19.62%. The results have been shown in the three hospitals where the hospital that has a protocol to deal with infection and prevention will be much lower than its peers and this is positive to reduce the incidence of bacteria causing many diseases.

Conclusions: Our study showed that following the protocol of infectious diseases in the three hospitals had a positive effect on the spread of P. aeruginosa as the infection rate is less than 20% in those hospitals, knowing that they are also in different places.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Infection control, Nosocomial infection.

Title: Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Nosocomial Infection

Author: Alaa Safeyah, Muazzam Sheriff Maqbul, Mohannad Safeyah

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Road traffic accident occurrence on road through out the word. Thousands of people lost their lives on the road every day most of the time road traffic death and injuries remain almost invisible to society at large. The two wheeler riding is significant cause of injuries to teenage group which is often associated with alcohol intoxication and drug abuse leads to risk taking behavior creating an awareness regarding the road safety and prevention of accident will reduce the morbidity and mortality related to accidents and save more lives.  Descriptive survey approach was adopted to collect the data. The structured questionnaire and likert’s five point attitude scale was administered to randomly selected sample of hundred students from selected college of Faridabad. The major findings of study revealed that the overall mean percentage of the knowledge (71.52%) is higher than the mean percentage of the attitude (70.79%) regarding road safety measure and prevention of accidents. The co-relation found between the knowledge and attitude is +0.314:  it is a positive co-relation between the knowledge and attitude of the respondent on the road safety measure and prevention of accident.

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Road safety measures, two wheeler rider, college students.

Title: A study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding road safety measures among college going two wheeler rider students of Faridabad

Author: Jyotsna Jacob, Rajeev

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Online academic platforms like Edmodo; Kahoot and Google forms are free and secure educational tools used to provide a simple way for teachers to connect with students as well as for classmates to join each other and makes teaching and learning fun and straightforward. The purpose of the study was to evaluate student's experience in using three online platforms Edmodo; Kahoot and Google forms as academic networking sites in facilitating teaching and learning activities.

Methods: The study participants were 125 Diploma in nursing students. The applications were mainly used in the classroom teaching of Anatomy. Three online applications namely Edmodo, Kahoot, and Google forms were used for classroom teaching and learning activities like quiz, assignment and course evaluations. The survey question was developed based on RASE (Resources; Activity; Support and Evaluation) instrument. The survey tool was designed using Google forms, and the researcher shared the link was among students using Whats App social message services.

Results: The findings of the study revealed that 77% of the study participants were satisfied with the resources used by the lecturer for online teaching and learning. Also, 82% of participants actively participated in online learning initiatives. About 70% of participants had no problem in installation and using these online learning platforms with no support or minimal support from friends and lecturer. On an average, 84% of participants rated these online learning platforms as a right way for teaching-learning activities.

Conclusion: Online applications are very timely and appropriate strategies to enhance teaching and learning strategies in the classroom. Teachers may adopt these technologies to strengthen student-centered and outcome-based education for the Y–generations.

Title: Implementation and evaluation of the online learning initiative: Towards a paperless classroom

Author: Ananth N, Hamidah Hassan, Annamma.K, Amudha Pattabi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Diaphragma sellae is a dural fold which extends over the pituitary fossa. It includes a defective area in its center, the diaphragmal opening, which transmits the pituitary stalk. In cases of pituitary adenoma, macroadenoma of large size tends to elevate the diaphragma sellae and may perforate it.

Objectives: To study the dimensional changes of the diaphragma sellae opening between the diaphragmal opening dimensions and to correlate that dimensional change with volumetric data changes before and after the operation.

Materials and Methods: 72 cases were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The imaging data before and after the operation was revised. MITK, an open source software from MINT MEDICAL, was used to process the imaging data of these cases.

Results: There is a highly significant statistical relationship between the diaphragma sellae width and the pituitary adenoma total volume before the operation. The same occurred with the tumor volume above the level of the diaphragma sellae opening. On the other hand, there was a statistically non-significant correlation between the residual tumor volume and the width of the diaphragmal opening.

Conclusion: According to our results, presence of residual adenoma is not necessarily to be above the diaphragma sellae. The statistically non-significant correlation is due to the parasellar extension, which was the main cause of residual tumor presence in our specimen.

Keywords: Diaphragmal opening, Pituitary adenoma, Transsphenoidal surgery.

Title: Dimensional Changes of Diaphragma Sellae Opening In Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Surgery

Author: Ahmed Abdelmaksoud, Peng Fu, Osamah Alwalid, Ahmed Elazab, Ahmed Zalloom, Wei Xiang, Xiaobing Jiang, Hongyang Zhao

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Integrated healthcare information management system involves all levels in the healthcare service delivery and organization, engaging both managements in National and County levels. Health information system is the process of generating and managing information to guide evidence-based decision making in the provision of health and related services at the national and county level. All healthcare providers are obligated to report on information emanating from their activities through established channels in a manner that meets safety and confidentiality requirements. Globally, political instability and the emerging regional and national macroeconomic challenges triggered by the global economic downturn, together with climate change, have had an adverse impact on health. Nationally, Kenya as a country still faces health challenges, especially concerning children, from whom under-nutrition is the single greatest contributor to child mortality. Many people are also exposed to a heavy and wide-ranging disease burden, partly because of the county’s unique geographical and climatic conditions. The difficult, disaster-prone environment in the arid and semi-arid regions of the country and the lush but malaria-prone regions in another part of the country, all have unique health risks associated with them. Kenya also faces problems of emerging diseases like Chikungunya and re-emerging diseases such as Bird flu and many others without forgetting HIV/AIDS, Tb. Also the country faces an increasing health burden from injuries and non-communicable diseases which are exacerbated by the negative underlying social health determinants in the country. Political instability in Eastern Africa region and the subsequent in-migration of a refugee into Kenya has the results of increasing the demand for health services in the country and raising the risk of spreading communicable diseases. Limitation in the regulatory and resource capacity and utilization have constrained the health sectors ability to harness fully the existing and emerging technology to manage most of the direct causes of ill health and death the unionization of health workers and recurrent industrial action also present new demands and challenges to the sector.

Keywords: health risks, Health information system, health services, health sectors, child mortality.

Title: A REVIEW OF INTEGRATED HEALTHCARE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WORKFLOW IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN KENYA

Author: Dr. Muchelule Yusuf Wanjala, Mr. Peter Njoroge Njunguna, Jacob Misiko Neyole

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The objective of this study is to assess feeding problems among under-two children in Ibadan South-West local government area in Oyo state, Nigeria. Method: Two hundred and seventy mother-child pairs were recruited for the study from selected primary health-care centres in Ibadan South West local government Area. A semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-economic characteristics, feeding patterns and feeding behavior of children and mothers’ perception and coping feeding behavior. Results: The mean age of the children surveyed was 11.03± 4.21months with 52.2% being males. The average age of mothers was 29 years (29.7 ± 5.77), 92% married, 54.1% had secondary education and 37.0% were traders. The most common feeding problems observed among the surveyed children were picky eating, food nephobia, intake of limited variety, food refusal, under-eating and over-eating. About 31.5% of the children had one or more feeding problems. Force-feeding and the use of rewards were the major coping strategies used by the mothers. Conclusion: There exists a spectrum of feeding problems among infant and children in this study population. There is a great need for early detection of feeding problems in children and provision of all round support to children with feeding problems and their mothers to be able to achieve success in feeding.

Keywords: Feeding problems, nutritional status, Picky eating, under-eating

Title: FEEDING PROBLEMS IN INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD: PREVALENCE AND RELATED FACTORS

Author: Oketunde, Fadekemi B.

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper reviews the diagnosis of first-episode psychosis and treatment options. A search of electronic databases conducted in May 2018 identified relevant studies concerning, and discussion of psychotic, diagnosis and treatment. First-episode psychosis typically causes confusion, depression, and fear in sufferers who are usually likewise trying to manage the uncertainties of adolescence. Patients can endure isolation through the disruption of social networks and the difficulties of disturbing behaviour. They are at higher risk of harm, both physical and psychological. The families and carers of these young people can deal with confusion, fear, and unpredictability as they handle the loss of relationships as they recognized them, in addition to the physical, psychological, and financial concern of care. Early treatment can possibly make a distinction to the course and severity of a person's disease. It could definitely make a distinction to the distress that patients and those close to them experience. With hold-ups in treatment of approximately 2 years after psychotic symptoms present, medical care specialists should be extra vigilant in properly assessing symptoms, and either starting therapy, or referring patients to specialist services.

Title: REVIEW OF DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS OF FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSIS

Author: Nasser Awadh Saeed Alshehri, Tariq Hameed R Alotaibi, Sami M Althobaiti, Huda D Alsaadi, Ahmed Awadh Saeed Alshehri, Haseah Fahad Albasam

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a mucocutaneous disorder  of the poxviridae family with a wide range of atypical presentation in patients with impaired cellular immunity. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Molluscum contagiosum amongst HIV/AIDS patients who were seen at the Aids Preventive Initiative in Nigeria (APIN) clinic in Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A one year retrospective review of histopathological  cases of molluscum contagiosum amongst HIV patients diagnosed at the department of pathology Jos University Teaching Hospital(JUTH), Jos. Archival records and paraffin embedded tissue blocks were retrieved, resectioned and  stained. Results are presented as Tables and charts. Results: Overall, fifteen (15) cases of molluscum contagiosum were histologically diagnose within the review period. This account for 10% of all skin manifestation related to HIV diagnose in the department. Of the 15 cases 6 (40%) were males and 9 (60%) were females given a male  to female ratio of 0.7:1. The age range of patients were from 21-50 years, commonest anatomical site was the face followed by the trunk.

(60%) of the cases presented with CD4 lymphocyte count below 200 cell/ml while 6(40%)  presented with a CD4+lymphocyte count between 200 to 500 cells/ml. Similarly, more than half of the cases are seen in patients with viral load of over 100,000 copies/ml, while the rest have viral load of 10,000-100,000 copies/ml. All patients were on various stages of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that molluscum contagiosum is an atypical presentation in patients with HIV/AIDS with inverse relationship with CD4+lymphocytes counts and viral load.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Molluscum contagiosum, Jos, North Central Nigeria.

Title: HISTOPATHOLOGIC REVIEW OF HIV/AIDS ASSOCIATED MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM IN JOS NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

Author: J A.Ngbea, P.O. Echekwube R.A. Vhriterhire, U.L Ervihi, TJ. Igbudu, A.Onyemocho, B.M. Mandong

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

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Abstract: The study aimed to determine the stress response of oral pathogens to simple and complex sugars, common salts and metal ions residue in the oral cavity.

Method: Stock solution of three sugars: sucrose, glucose and fructose having concentration of 10x was prepared and sterilized by autoclaving. Salt stock sodium chloride, lead nitrate and copper sulfate of concentration 1mg/ml were prepared in autoclaved distilled water. The salt stock was serially diluted in sterilized distilled water to obtain a concentration of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mg/ml. A stock of four metals: calcium, zinc, iron and lead having concentration 0.2mg/ml was prepared. The metals were further diluted in sterile distilled water so as to obtain concentration of 10, 20, 40, 80 ppm.  The stock solution prepared from sugars, salts and metals was then used individually as basal media to determine the oral pathogens response.

Results: The data of sugar stress response showed sucrose had the highest bacterial growth attachment and fructose was the lowest. The salinity results showed sodium chloride had the highest bacterial attachment whereas lead nitrate and copper sulfate had moderately attachments.

Metal stress investigation showed that calcium metal had high attachment of biofilm and lead metal had less attachment. 

Conclusion: It was evident that the concentration of sugars, salts and metals affected the growth of oral pathogens. The presence of biofilm attachment played a major role to establish the functional and structural integrity of microorganisms. The statistical analysis showed the P-value was 0.09161, F-calculated was 25.4382 and F-critical was 3.2873. Since F critical was smaller than F calculated, the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and accepted alternative hypothesis (HA). Therefore there was a significant difference on how the sugars, salts and metals affected the bacterial growth population in the oral cavity.

Keywords: Oral pathogens, Stock solution, Biofilm formation, Stress response.

Title: Implications for Dental Health: Stress Response of Oral Pathogens to Food Residue

Author: Gad Onywere, Paul Gyles, Patience Bazuaye-Alonge, Phillip Mighty

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Many studies indicate increasing cancer burden in developing world with prominent sex and urban-rural disparities in the populations. However, internationally comparable research data about cancer incidence in Armenia is lacking. This study aimed to provide information about trends and inequalities in cancer incidence in Armenian population. A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze data from all hospital-based cancer registries of Armavir province, western Armenia, from January 2013 to December 2016. For the 4-year study period, cancer crude and age-standardized incidence rates, as well as Incidence Rate Ratios were estimated by age-groups, sex, and urban-rural areas. A total of 1,894 cancer cases were recorded during the study period. Lung cancer was the most frequent in men and breast cancer was the most prevalent in women. ASIRs per 100,000 person-years of all cancers combined in men were significantly higher than in women (IRR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.49; p<0.001) and were fluctuated over time, while in women they were fairly stable. Disparities in cancer incidence by urban and rural residence were also statistically significant considering overall outcome (IRR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.43, 1.72; p<0.001), as well as after adjustment by sex and age. Significantly higher rates for urban young women was particularly evident. The patterns observed here suggest priorities to reduce inequalities and prevent new cancer cases in revealed vulnerable groups. These findings about disparities in cancer incidence can be used by health planners for the development of targeted prevention programs for more efficient use of restricted resources in this developing country.

Keywords: Armavir province; Armenia; cancer incidence; developing country; epidemiology; urban-rural, geographical inequality.

Title: Disparities in Cancer Incidence in Armenia, 2013-2016: Setting Priorities for Preventive Interventions

Author: Marselina Arshakyan, Marco Rocchi, Gohar Arshakyan, Laura Chiarantini

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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