Vol 3 Issue 2 October 2015-March 2016

Abstract: Obesity is considered a major health problem. Several factors were reported to be associated with obesity in this country such as age, sex, socio-economic status, sedentary behaviors and eating habits. OBJECTIVES: Our study was aiming to identify the prevalence of obesity among students of health colleges of King Saud University (KSU) in Riyadh, explore the socio – demographic characteristics, factors related to obesity, the lifestyle of the participants and to compare the result of male to female students. METHODS: This was a community-based quantitative analytical cross sectional study. A sample of 292 under graduated students (146 males and 146 females, participants were chosen randomly from the KSU Health Colleges, Saudi Arabia, during the period from the beginning of Dec 2012 to March 2013. Measurements used were height and weight, calculating the Body Mass Index (BMI) of the participants and interviewing them through face to face questionnaire. RESULT: The overall prevalence of obesity among students of health science colleges of KSU in Riyadh was 13.7%. The majority of our participants were Saudi Arabian, while the percentage of non-Saudis was 3.8%. The mean age of the participants was 21.25 with standard deviation of 1.16. Half of the participants were males and the rest were females. The prevalence of obesity among males was higher than females (92.5% from the overall prevalence compared to (7.5%) female P value = 0.000. 72.5% of obese participants were having family history of obesity (P value = 0.016). Again 77.5% of obese participants were having chronic diseases (P value = 0.000), especially dyslipidemia which was found in 17.5% of obese participants with (P value = 0.000). RECOMINDATION: Modification lifestyle is needed, people with chronic diseases should take their medication regularly. Keywords: Obesity, chronic diseases, community-based quantitative analytical. Title: High Prevalence of Obesity among Male Compared to Female Students of Health Colleges of King Saud University (KSU) in Riyadh Author: Elshazaly Saeed, Abdullah S. Aljasser, Abdulrahman Mohammed Alhuzimi, Ahmed Assad Assiri, Alqahtani Nasser Ali, Saud Amer Alshahrani, Yousif A. Al-Ammar International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Approximately, 3% of children are diagnosed with hearing loss in Saudi Arabia. Providing the necessary health services is critical to the lifelong speech and communication skills of deaf children. Students’ opinion on health, education, and socialization could help to identify any unmet needs and to improve the quality of services. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 57 deaf and hearing-impaired students, who attended specialized high-school classes in the academic year of 2012-2013 in Buraidah, Al-Qassim. Health care services, educational environment, and social relationships were assessed using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Results: The students included 30 males and 27 females. There was high satisfaction among students with healthcare services; mosthad been provided with hearing aids (70%). With regards to the educational environment, technology played an important role—90% of students reported having computers skills and using them as a primary learning modality. Further, many students relied on computers for general communication and socialization: 60% have their own computers and 50% had special mobile devices. Students reported having friends only among hearing impaired classmates or no friends at all. There were some gender differences with respect to satisfaction. Male students reported lower satisfaction of health and educational services than female students. However, they reported more satisfaction with their friendships and social relationships than female students. Conclusions: Hearing impaired students have low satisfaction with their educational environment and with their social life. Future research should identify ways to improve academic achievement among these students; as well as provide more opportunities for them to socialize and integrate into the community. Keywords: Hearing impaired students, learning environment. Title: Perceptions of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students of Their Learning Environment in Buraidah, Saudia Arebia Author: Fatimah AL Omirini - Dania AL Jabri - Felwa AL Qazlan - Hajar AL Qaba’a - Shahad AL Omlah - Modhi AL Buraidy - Lamia AL Harby - Nourah AL Keaid International Journal of Healthcare Sciences, ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The study aimed to survey the Intestinal Helminthes in an open defecation in Ringim town, Ringim Local Government Area, Jigawa State. A total of 300 samples were examined out of which 20 (6.67%) were positive with presence of helminthes eggs, and 280 (93.33%) were negative. The parasites found are: Ascaris lumbricoides with 11 (3.67%), Hookworm had 6 (2.0%) while Taenia species, Hymenolepis nana and Fasciola hepatica had 1 (0.33%) each. The positive ones were found in all the samples sites collected. River side and Railway area has 3 (10.0%) each, and Main Road had 5 (16.67%), Majiyawa and Unity Secondary School had 2 (6.67%) each and Motor Park, Gen. Hospital Ringim, Almajirawa, Sabon Gari Primary School and Gwaram (fond) had 1 (3.33%) each. Keywords: Helminthes, Prevalence, Defecation, Ringim. Title: Survey of Intestinal Helminthes in an Open Defecation in Ringim, Jigawa-Nigeria Author: Ibrahim, M.H., Muhammad, Y., Garba, D.D International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The phase-1 of the survey explored the community’s perception about any delay in care provided inside emergency departments all over Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This is phase-1 of the complete study which ultimate aim to compare the perception of community and action health care personals with different indicators. This phase - 1 cross section survey was conducted through snowball sampling by targeting adult Saudis from all over the country through social networks (Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, whatsapp , telegram ) Results: Out of 1010 participants, 33.5% stated that they always faces delay inside emergency department while 34.2% stated that delay occurs usually and 24.8% face it sometimes. Conclusion: Community is unhappy about how quick emergency care is provided, as the vast majority faces delay regularly. Overcrowding and inappropriate system is the selection of the majority to be most agreed on as a cause of delay. Keywords: Emergency care, delay, perception, Saudi Arabia. Title: Perception of the Community Regarding Delay in Receiving Emergency Care in Saudi Arabia Author: Hassan Nasser AlSalman, Mahmood Ahmed Boeisa, Abdulathim Saleh AlKhalaf,Dr. Abdul sattar khan International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) have become a serious problem for developing and developed countries alike in recent years. A high level of Stigma and discrimination from the society to the children from PLHIV families, who may need to attend to the needs of their family or to attend to an ill family member, undermines children’s access to social benefits. The quality of education is likewise undermined, since children’s concentration is often directed towards personal problems at home rather than lessons, and fear of, or actual, community stigmatization towards the PLHIV family member in question. This Paper sought to examine knowledge of HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination, attitudes towards the children affected by HIV/AIDS. For children affected by AIDS, one psychological challenge is whether or how to disclose their parents’ HIV status to others. The findings indicated that a high proportion of children preferred not to disclose parental HIV status to others would not like to tell the truth to others in the situations of having talk about parental HIV and also had strong negative feelings about the disclosure. The study findings confirmed that keeping secrecy of parental HIV infection was associated with higher level of negative psychological outcomes (e.g., depression, loneliness, perceived stigma, and enacted stigma), and children’s age was strongly associated with both their perceptions of secondary disclosure and psychological measures. This paper comprehensively reviews the psychosocial issues of the PLHIVs children and offers some of the strategies to address the issues comprehensively. Culturally and developmentally appropriate evidence-based interventions are urgently needed to promote the psychological well-being of children affected by HIV/AIDS. Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), PLHIVs children. Title: Psychological Impacts of the Society on Children of PLHIVs Author: Deepak Sharma, Prof.DD Aggarwal International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Total Knee Arthroplasty is the most commonly performed adult reconstructive knee procedure. Implanting femoral and tibial component to replace the degenerated knee joint will relieve the pain and provide mobile, pain free and a stable joint. Objective: To access the functional and radiological results of Fixed bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted among 20 patients who underwent fixed bearing total knee arthroplasty in the age group of 32 to 65 years. Period of study was from June 2013 to September 2014.Patients were selected by purposive sampling who were admitted in the department of orthopaedics, Father Muller Medical College Hospital during the above mentioned period. The data was collected by interview, and by analysing case papers. The patients were followed up at 3 weeks and 6 weeks postoperatively and later they were called back for review at 3 months interval. At the end of the study, patients functional outcome were evaluated with Knee society scores. Results: Out of the 20 knees 5 were in neutral, 11 in varus, 2 in valgus and flexion and 2 were in varus and flexion. The average follow up was 40 weeks (range 12 to 64 weeks). The average postoperative flexion in the rheumatoid group was 105.4 degrees and in the osteoarthritis group was 115.8 degrees. In our study all our patients showed an improvement in knee score. 2 patients had excellent score(80-100).16 patients had good score(70-79) and 2 patients had fair results(60-69). The mean increase in Knee score was 34.2. In the osteoarthritis group it was 34 and in rheumatoid group it was 35.8 Conclusion: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis achieved less postoperative range of flexion compared to the osteoarthritis group. But they achieve more increase in knee score. Keywords: Knee Arthroplasty, Short Term Analysis. Title: Short Term Analysis of Fixed Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty Author: Dr Shashikanth Bhure, Dr Danduru Vasudeva Reddy, Dr Rohith Jhamnani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Background: Incisional hernias develop in up to 13% of laparotomy incisions: the most difficult to repair are complex, multiply recurrent hernias with significant loss of domain (>15-20% of the abdominal contents). Objectives: This research will take place to identify the best method for incisional hernia repair with least recurrence rate and to give best results by providing most suitable surgical environment. Methodology: Medline (pubmed) literature review and analysis for previous studies that are discussing Incisional hernia complications and repair and different surgical procedures for managing the incisional hernias, which become a common recurrence after open surgeries especially in abdominal wall. Result: Many thousand laparotomy incisions are made every year and the disappointment rate for conclusion of these abdominal injuries is between 10–15%, making an expansive issue of incisional hernia. In the past huge numbers of these hernias have been disregarded and treated with abdominal trusses or deficiently made do with high disappointment rates. The presentation of cross section has not had a critical effect since surgeons don't know about cutting edge successful techniques which might be utilized to remake imperfections of the abdominal wall. Conclusion: Smaller incisional hernias with a transverse diameter < 10 cm can be repaired successfully by a laparoscopic approach if a suitably skilled surgeon is available, although an ugly scar may remain on the anterior abdominal wall. Keywords: Incisional hernias, various Surgical Techniques. Title: Incisional Hernias and the Outcome of various Surgical Techniques Author: Hussam A. Alnemari, Osama A. Alamir, Rashad hussain al hamyani, Mohammad J. Althaqafi, Abdulkareem G. Niyazi, Ayman A. Alghamdi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Background: Antituberculosis drug-induced acute liver failure (ALF) is quite common. However, factors predicting its development are still controversial. Objective: the aim of this study is to evaluate and investigate the anti tuberculosis therapy induced acute liver failure by going through the literature review. Methodology: we conducted our literature search for similar previous studies mainly in Medline (PubMed), the studies were included which are concerning the Antituberculosis drug-induced acute liver failure (ALF) up to December 2015. Result: studies it has been observed that the risk of ATT-induced acute liver failure ALF increases recently, with no significant correlation of age with ATT-induced hepatitis was found, although it has been reported that women are more prone to develop ATT-induced ALF. Conclusion: Standard antituberculous therapy including isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide is widely used for the treatment of active tuberculosis. Its most important side effect is acute liver failure. Keywords: anti tuberculosis therapy, drug-induced, acute liver failure (ALF). Title: Anti tuberculosis Therapy (ATT) Induced Acute Liver Failure (ALF) Author: Mohammed Hisham Al-kulak, Saga Eid Sadek Omar ElKhatib, Ibrahim Rashed Ibrahim Albadi, Rakan Nizar Ahmed Wizza, Jameel Jamal Frhat International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Routine checkups are important in the early detection of disease. Many factors influence the performance of medical checkups. The aim of our study was to detect the factors that affect the performance of routine medical checkups in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: This study analyzed observational, descriptive cross-sectional data. Our sample included male and female adults over the age of 20 years from different cities in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia in February 2015. The sample size was 721, divided among the 9 cities of the Eastern province. Our data was collected via a questionnaire, which was distributed randomly among the population. Results: The study sample consisted of 28.4% males and 71.6% females. The study suggested that only 22.5% of the sample perform routine medical checkups while the majority of them (77.5%) do not perform checkups. Precipitating factors, age, gender and marital status have an effect on the performance of routine checkups. However, education, financial status and occupation appeared to have no effect on performing regular checkups. . Reasons for performing routine checkups were also analyzed. Most people performed routine checkups out of personal conviction and belief in its benefits. The commonest reasons cited for avoiding routine checkups were not having enough time and a perception of medical check-ups being a long and boring process. Conclusion: We concluded that in order to increase the performance of medical checkups, the personal conviction and belief of the population should be increased first by spreading awareness. Keywords: Routine checkups, annual, screening, Medical checkups, secondary prevention, eastern province, Saudi Arabia. Title: Attitude towards Performance of Medical Checkups: A Survey from Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia Author: Noor N Albaloushi, Sara A Alomair, Sayed Ibrahim Ali International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Peptic ulcers include gastric ulcers, esophageal ulcers and duodenal ulcers. The aim of this study is to have a clinical presentation of peptic ulcer perforation and to study the various method and management of peptic ulcer perforation .The treatment of perforated ulcer disease continues to evolve because of recent advances in pharmacology, bacteriology, and operative technique. The main surgical treatment option was simple closure with Graham patch. Keywords: Management of peptic ulcer perforation. Title: Comparative Studies of Management of Peptic Ulcer Perforation Author: Dr. Nitin Parashar, Dr. Atul Krishna, Dr. Vijay Agarwal, Dr. Dhanesh Kumar, Dr. M.K. Maheswari International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: TGF-beta has been described as a surely understood controller of hematopoiesis through point by point investigations of hematopoietic begetters in vitro. A moderately late itemized audit depicts how TGF-beta manages multiplication and separation of hematopoietic forerunners in vitro, frequently as a negative controller of expansion. In this survey, we will examine how different Smad flagging pathways (TGF-beta, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), activin) direct hematopoiesis, Smad flagging takes an interest in the determination or generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) amid improvement and keeps on managing the fate of HSCs and their progeny after their generation during development and postnatally. We have conducted a literature review in all studies that are with concern with this topic, to be able to summarize the main point in Smad signaling pathways in hematopoietic stem cells. Keywords: Smad, TGF-beta, hematopoietic, investigations, multiplication, stem cells. Title: Smad Signaling In Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Author: Ahmed Maeesh AlQurashi, Ahmed Abdullah Alsheri, Abdulelah Faisal Alzahrani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The provision of food and beverage service away from home forms a substantial part of the activities of the hotel and catering industry. According to Fullar (1990) in order to move food produced in the kitchen to customer, some form of food service (waiting service) is required. The hotel industry is a competitive market where hotel management’s goal is to decrease the vacancy rate while increasing the customer return rate. (Heung, 2000). Unlike goods, many services are consumed in the process of production, and customer experiences a number of sequential stages. For instance, in the restaurant service delivery process this would begin by checking in at the reception of the restaurant and end with presenting the check to the customer and saying good-bye (checking-out). However, a difference in emphasis between the different value dimensions might be expected contingent on the purpose of visiting the restaurant (e.g. a business lunch, a romantic celebration). This in turn might also influence customers' perception of the service delivery process. This study examined one of the keys to a successful food and beverage operation-waiting service. The backgrounds of the waiters are investigated, together with the skills and expertise which they are expected to possess in other to meet customer satisfaction. The training offered to these waiters was compared with the service provided so that recommendations were made to the waiter and waitress in the process of food service. A selection of hospitality industries- restaurants were considered and views of the hotelier, waiters/waitress and the customers taken so as to put across the views of those involved. It’s therefore recommended that a better trained workforce would improve standard. Again management should employ skilled and qualified people who have had the skills attained at both formal school and on the job. Training of waiting staff is minimal, yet they need technical skills, product knowledge and interpersonal skills. These skills can be taught, as can the role of the waiting staff in the process of customer satisfaction. Hospitality industries would either have to recognize and act on these obligation or they may expect a loss of business. Keywords: Waiter/ Waitresses, Restaurant, Food service. Title: The Effect of Waiting Service in the Hospitality Industry in Sekondi-Takoradi Author: Adelaide Spio-Kwofie, Rosemond Anyobodeh International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Cancer is one of death leading causes. As a chronic and invasive disease will cause variety of psychological changes among cancer patients. Through this study, we aim to determine the psychological changes among them, identify various types of cancer that has strong psychological impact, determine the factors that affects the psychological state in cancer patients as well as to recommend some solutions on the need for psychological support for cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational, questionnaire-based study. Conducted in King Faisal Specialist Hospital - King Faisal Cancer Centre. By using a translated copy of disease-specific questionnaire QSC-R23 ‘Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer Patients revised version’to assess psychosocial stress in cancer patients. We conducted80 patients, sample. All of them voluntarily accepted to participate. Patientswere informed clearly about the study objectives and instructions to fill up the questionnaire.Fifty patients fill it in his/her own and thirty patients were interviewed to fill the questionnaire.Statistical analysis:The demographic and clinical characteristics were summarized using chi-square for categorical data. Psychological state was measured using Likert-scale (0 to 5) and summarized using medians and ranges. Differences of Psychological state among different diagnosis were tested using Wilcoxon test. The effect of different risk factors on Psychological state was evaluated using linear logistic regression. Results: Patient’s demographic data is summarized(table1). The median psychological for all questions was 48 (41, 63%). Illustration the median score and rang for each of the psychological question separately (table 2). Univariate analysis showed that gender was the only factor that has significant impact on the psychological score. Wilcoxon test showed that there is no difference in the median scores among different types diseases (p-value=0.09). Discussion: This study supports the hypothesis that cancer will cause some psychological changes among the patients. Obviously, all different types of cancers will influence psychological state. Going out less account for 48.8%, which is the most significant change among them. It might indicate depression. Not being able to follow one's hobbies, being afraid of developing pain and Feeling tired and weak are the most changes concerning the patients. Gender is the only variable factor has a psychological impact. As a female will have higher probability to have change in psychological state. Conclusion: Cancer causes variety of psychological changes. Extensive multi-aspects treatment should be conducted to all cancer patients. Keywords: Cancer, Psychology, psychiatry, depression, anxiety, fear of progression and support cancer patients. Title: Psychological Changes in Cancer Patient;A Single Center Cross Sectional Study Author: Alalayet AY, Alzahrani H, Alrabeah A, Almishrafi HM, Alqahtani AM, Alzahrani AH, Almutairi MM, Alqahtani AS, Alshmasi MO, Alqahtani SM, Alotaibi A, Almutairi A, Almalki FR International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Isolated Optic Chiasmal Neuritis Secondary to Multiple Sclerosis, Aliyah. Alamry, Abdul-Aziz al hadlaq, International Journal of Healthcare Sciences, ISSN 2348-5728 (Online), Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The different methodologies utilized for the administration of patients with benign biliary strictures are upheld by the distinctive nature, clinical presentation, and reality of these strictures. Surgery is seen as the treatment of choice of benign biliary strictures, offering more than 80% whole deal accomplishment, Endoscopic an extensively used strategy for the treatment of benign biliary strictures. Endoscopic treatment comprises of passing the stricture and situation of no less than one expansive bore plastic stent, trailed by further sessions of stenting with different plastic stents. Objective, The aim of this study is to carry out a systematic appraisal of the available evidence with the intention to evaluate the different surgical management of benign biliary strictures (BBS). Methodology, A computerized search in the literature of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases identified more than 40 studies providing detailed about the different surgical techniques that are used in the treatment of patients with benign biliary strictures. Pooled data were examined for etiology of stricture, indications for surgical intervention, procedure-related complications, and outcome of each different surgical procedure. Conclusion, Endoscopy is a widely used approach for the treatment of benign biliary strictures. Most common benign biliary strictures amandable to endoscopic treatment are post-cholecystectomy, dominant biliary strictures due to primary sclerosing cholangitis, biliary anastomotic strictures occurring after liver transplantation, and common bile duct strictures due to chronic pancreatitis. Keywords: Benign Biliary Strictures (BBS), MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, Surgical Management. Title: Surgical Management of Benign Biliary Strictures Author: Adel mohmoud hemdi al twairqi, Fahd Hamoud Ali Altwoairgi, Mohammed thabet atiah alorabi alharthi, Maged Awadallah Shadid Aljouid,Awn abdullah Mohammed alkthery International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals