Vol 4 Issue 2 October 2016-March 2017

Abstract: Healthcare in India is continuously undergoing transformation. The possibilities for sustainable solutions in healthcare delivery and expanding global industry leadership of biotech and pharma are being driven by technologies. Innovation is a common numerator for catalyzing growth, value creation and sustainable competition. In this report, we review the key trends in healthcare segment with particular emphasis on the diagnostic landscape in India.

A robust growth has been witnessed by the diagnostic space which was driven by expansion in overall healthcare delivery, increased use of diagnostics and better healthcare access. The diagnostic segment being more receptive to adoption of advanced technologies is expected to continue its growth by 15-20%. This segment is seeing adoption of new products of innovation including genomics, less invasive testing approaches such as liquid biopsies, and more sensitive and multiplexed Point-of-Care tests across primary care, critical care and home use products. The notable trends in diagnostic delivery include consumer convenience, home collection of samples, digitization of reports and continuing pursuit of PPPs as a means to bridge the infrastructure gap. The innovation landscape in India is very encouraging; however, challenges to widespread adoption need to be addressed for realization of the country’s innovation pipeline value.

Keywords: undergoing transformation, widespread adoption, diagnostic landscape in India.

Title: Diagnostic Landscape in India – A Review

Author: Anil M Betigeri, Suhas B Nimbalkar

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) is a widely used screening method, mainly for determining the hearing threshold, as well as neurological assessment of the elements of hearing. A key requirement for a successful ABR test is that the subject should be idle, in order to minimize the background signals that lower the signal/noise ratio. A sedative, such as chloral hydrate, is employed as a mode of sedation especially in children, who are difficult to be kept idle throughout the test (especially so, if there are developmental defects, common among the subjects with neurological defects of hearing conduction). However, the need of sedatives in the test has been debated, given that intolerance or side-effects of the sedatives may outweigh the benefits of use, especially in children. It has been suggested that simple sleep deprivation on the prior night of the test might be sufficient to induce sleep among the child subjects during the test. The current study was aimed at comparing the ABR protocols among children with or without sedation at 60dBnHL for both left and right ears. The major factors being compared included the time consumed for each test and also the latency, intensity levels and overall morphology of wave V of ABR. Additionally, the hearing threshold was also determined. The study was conducted among 27 children between the age group of 6 months to 24 months. The two protocols were performed exclusively at two different time points. The results indicate that the assessment in the absence of sedation was as good as the similar results obtained in the presence of sedation, with respect to hearing threshold determination. Similarly there was no significant difference with respect to the wave V output parameters among the two conditions. However, the time consumed for each test was significantly more in the absence of sedation. Though the current study indicates that ABR may also be conducted in absence of sedation, further studies to evaluate the same may be necessary, given the low sample size and absence of a case-control study.

Keywords: ABR, Sedation, wave V, latency.

Title: A Doctor’s Dilemma: To Sedate or Not Sedate Subjects Undergoing ABR Measurements

Author: Dr. Abdurhman Alhumaizi, Dr. Abdullah N. Al Rasheedi, Dr. Abdulhakim Al Mutairi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: To determine whether there is a direct relation between postprandial sleeping and the incidence of DM type2. In addition to that, the study explored the relation between the time, length of sleep and the incidence of DM. Also to determine if there is any gender relationship with sleeping habits and to establish the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sleeping habits.

Methods: A multicentric case-control convenience sampling was conducted in several health care centers including primary health care centers, secondary and tertiary as well, among the patients visiting the outpatient clinic.

Conclusion: There is a significant relation between blood glucose level and postprandial sleeping. Also there is statistical significance between DM and initiating sleep. Gender has a role in the diabetics sleeping pattern.

Keywords: postprandial sleeping, sleeping habits, primary health care centers.

Title: Postprandial Sleeping in Relation to DM Type 2 and Obesity

Author: Abdulrahman Alshaikh, Omar Fathaldin

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Presence of foreign body in the paranasal sinus is not a common finding. Many cases have been reported so far with foreign body like dental amalgam, chop sticks, gutta percha pellets, tooth, glue and even bullets. However presence of foreign body in the frontal sinus as a result of penetrating injury is uncommon. Most of them have been the result of trauma after vehicle accidents, gunshot injury and assault.There are two treatment options, endoscopic and open surgical approach for removal of foreign body. We present an interesting case of the transfacial penetrating injuries of frontal sinus caused by windshield glass impaction.

Keywords: dental amalgam, chop sticks, tooth, penetrating injury, vehicle accidents.

Title: TRAUMATIC IMPACTION OF WINDSHIELD: REPORT OF A RARE CASE OF GLASS IN FRONTAL SINUS

Author: Dr. Anchal Chauhan, Dr. Anuj Kumar Tripathi, Dr. Aman Singhal, Dr. Yash Pal Monga

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: We aim in this study to review the current evidence pertaining to the efficacy of the hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in the treatment of children with epilepsy and to report adverse events. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive systematic review using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for all clinical trials concerning the use of HBO for the treatment of epilepsy attacks in children aged from birth-21 years. Primary outcome assesses the effects of HBO therapy for the treatment of epilepsy. Secondary outcome measures evaluated any reported adverse events of HBO therapy. Results: Thirty-one abstracts were identified out of which 22 were excluded and one was a duplicate. Eight full text articles were included in this study with three retrospective analyses, three case reports, one non-blinded randomized clinical trial, and one was a prospective observational study. Conclusion: No study has evaluated the effect of HBO therapy on epilepsy in children. With the rare complication of oxygen toxicity seizures, HBO therapy may complicate epilepsy. However, new evidence showing that seizures not secondary to oxygen toxicity could be safely relieved by HBO therapy. Further randomized clinical trials assessing the effect of HBO therapy in children and adolescents with epilepsy is recommended. Keywords: HBO Therapy (Hyperbaric Oxygen), Evidence Pertaining. Title: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Children with Epilepsy: A Review of the Evidence Author: Al Soqih, Norah S International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Raising the awareness about diabetes eye complications was shown to be vital for the early detection and management. In this study, we thought to assess the state of knowledge of diabetic patients about ocular diabetes complications. Aims: The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence of Diabetes and to assess the presence of ocular diabetic conditions among the Saudi population. Methods and Material: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 169 diabetic patients attending the diabetes centre in, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia during the period from February 2015 to April 2016. Participants signed a written informed consent, then interviewed using a structured questionnaire including Demographic data, the disease duration, the place of diagnosis, the source of knowledge of the ocular complications, the reason for the visual check-up, can diabetes affect the eye? Can well-controlled diabetic patients develop ocular complications. Methods of treatment, the frequency of visual check-up, and the types of ocular complications. Statistical analysis used: The ethical committee of the Faculty of Medicine approved the research, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the statistical analysis. Results: Out of 169 subjects53.8% were males, their ages ranged from 20-70 years, 46.8% had ocular complications, 66.9% were aware that diabetes can affect the eye, 50.3% knew that well-controlled diabetic patients can develop ocular complications, 27.8% thought that annual visits are necessary for diabetic patients, 25% were aware of the types of ocular complications, and 53.3% were mindful of the fact that good diabetes control is important to prevent ocular complications. Conclusions: There is a significant gap of knowledge regarding ocular diabetes complications among diabetic patients in Tabuk, measures to raise the awareness are highly needed. Keywords: Diabetic Patient, Ocular Diseases, awareness are, Population. Title: Awareness of Diabetic Patient Regarding Ocular Diseases among Saudi Arabia Population Author: Salha Ali Almarhapi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Diapers were adopted to easy the problem of baby clothing in different societies of the world. The existence of such clothing provides health and hygiene in such provision societies. Thus they play a major role in the development of communities across the world. However, disposable diapers present environmental problems. Though there are providing relief on clothing aspects, there are no sustainable procedures to regulate the disposal of diapers in the environment. Thus disposable diapers are posing serious health hazards in several communities and in Mberengwa District is not an exception in this regard. This study aims to investigate the challenges caused by diapers on the environment. Through questionnaires and laboratory analysis, the researchers managed to gather information about the negative impacts of diapers in the environment and communities. A number of problems are emanating from the use and mismanagement of disposable diapers. The study thus recommends for the need to consider environmentally sustainable methods disposing diapers. Keywords: Negative Environmental Impact, health and hygiene, Case of Mberengwa District. Title: The Negative Environmental Impact of Disposal of Diapers: The Case of Mberengwa District, Zimbabwe Author: Effel Tembo, Evans Chazireni International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Jatropha gossypifolia has been associated with diverse medicinal characteristics. This study was aimed at investigating the hemato-protective ability of the methanolic extract of Jatropha gossypifolia leaf (JG) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on cypermethrin-induced hematotoxicity; and to investigate the possible hematotoxic effect of the plant extract on the rats. The animals were grouped into eight groups of seven rats each and were administered as follows: Group I (control), corn oil; Group II, cypermethrin (CYP) (20mg/kg); Group III, CYP + (JG50mg/kg); Group IV, CYP + JG100mg/kg; Group V, CYP + ALA50mg/kg; Group VI, JG50mg/kg; Group VII, JG100mg/kg; and Group VIII, ALA50mg/kg. Data from this study showed that cypermethrin significantly (P<0.05) increased the amount of the red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes (LYMP) and significantly (P<0.05) decreased the concentrations of the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) when compared to control. It also caused a non-significant (P>0.05) increase in hematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin (HG), granulocytes (GRAN) and platelets when compared to the control. Co-administration with the different doses of the methanolic extract of Jatropha gossypifolia and ALA were able to reverse these alterations. Thus, we concluded that the methanolic extract of Jatropha gossypifolia at the doses considered are safe and will elicit hemato-protective effect on cypermethrin-induced hematotoxicity. Keywords: Jatropha gossypifolia, alpha-lipoic acid, cypermethrin, hematotoxicity, methanolic extract. Title: Comparative Effects of Jatropha gossypifolia Leaf and Alpha-Lipoic Acid on The Hematological Profile of Rats Exposed to Cypermethrin Author: Opeyemi Faokunla, Oluseyi Akinloye, Regina Ugbaja, Abideen Adeogun International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: We aimed by this review to discuss the diagnostic procedures and treatment options for Atrial septal defect (ASD). We also aimed to review the incident, pathophysiology and causes of ASD. Narrative review of the literature was performed using medical databases; PubMed, and Embase, searching relevant studies reporting data on the treatment and diagnosis of Atrial septal defect (ASD), searched was performed up to January 2017, we restricted our search to only English language and human subject, furthermore, we search the references included in each study to be able to find more relative articles. Atrial septal defect (ASD) are the 3rd most common type of congenital heart disease. Consisted of in this group of malformations are a number of kinds of atrial communications that permit shunting of blood in between the systemic and the pulmonary blood circulations. Most children with separated atrial septal flaws are free of symptoms, however the rates of workout intolerance, atrial tachyarrhythmias, right ventricular dysfunction, and pulmonary hypertension increase with advancing age and life expectancy is decreased in adults with untreated defects. The risk of development of pulmonary vascular disease, a potentially deadly complication, is higher in female patients and in older adults with untreated problems. When done before age 25 years is associated with regular life expectancy, Surgical closure is safe and reliable and. Keywords: Atrial septal defect (ASD), English language and human subject. Title: Atrial Septal Defect, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options Author: Abdulelah Ali Hamed Al-Qahtani, Shaikhah Mohammed Alajmi, Hossien Moteq Moshabab Al Qahtani, Yazeed Saleh Mohammed Alqahtani, Abdulaziz Mohammed Alhasaniyyah, Saeed Saad Al Ghanom, Ahmed Rashed Alghamdi, Osama Jamaan Mohammed Alzahrani, Saeed Ibrahim Abdullah Qahtani, Khalil Eissa Saeed Alzahrani, Alfaifi, Ibrahim Salem H, Yasser Dhafer Ali Alshahrani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Patient safety is considered as important issue and fundamental to improve quality of care. Its improvement is considered a target goal for many current healthcare systems. However, knowledge of how improve patient safety is still growing and in recent years patient safety incidents have increased in Saudi Arabia. Aim of the Study: To assess nurses' knowledge and practices related to patient safety in Jeddah Eye Hospital (JEH). Design: A descriptive study. Setting: Male and Female wards in JEH. Study sample: The nurses who gave direct care to ophthalmic inpatients. Tools: Data collected through two methods which were developed by the researcher: 1) A structured questionnaire, 2) An observational checklist. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. Result: More than half (56.7 %) of the sample were aged 28-33 years, 96.7% were female, 60 % of the nurses had an experience in ophthalmic hospital between 1 to 5 years. Almost all of the nurses (93.3 %) had knowledge at an average level, but only 6.6% of the sample observed had a satisfactory level of practice. Conclusion & Recommendations: Nurses have adequate knowledge, but did not always apply their knowledge to practice regarding patient safety issues. There was no statistically significant relation between knowledge and practice among nurses in JEH (p-value = 0.818). Patient safety can be enhanced by promoting a safety culture in the organization, where nurses are free of undesirable feelings as well as the importance of available resources that are necessary for ensuring safety for patients. Most importantly, continuous staff education should be emphasized, developing a patient safety program and implementation and evaluation of such programs in practice. Keywords: Nurses’ knowledge, Patient safety practices, Ophthalmic patients. Title: Assessment of Nurses' Knowledge and Practices Related to Patient Safety in Jeddah Eye Hospital Author: Kawther H. Alesawi, Hasnah Banjar, Amani Safwat International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In this review, we intended to overview the diagnosis and treatment options of Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) by summarizing evidence for PDA diagnosis methods and the available therapeutic interventions for this heart congenital disease. Electronic Databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, and Emabse) were used to conduct a comprehensive review on Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in general and specifically the diagnostic approaches and treatment options. Restriction to English language published study up to December, 2016 was applied. Furthermore, references list of identified studies was searched for more relevant articles. Typical medical diagnosis among exceptionally premature infants, specifically in those with lung disease. Treatments are frequently utilized to close the PDA. Despite nearly 3 years of research, the question of whether the advantages of treatments to prevent ductal patency or promote closure surpass the threats of these treatments remains unanswered. The authors seldom utilize treatments created to close the PDA. Spontaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) prevails. Therapy is normally sensible if considerable breathing distress or impaired systemic oxygen shipment is present. Intravenous (IV) indomethacin (or the more recent preparation of IV ibuprofen) is frequently efficient in closing a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) if it is administered in the first 10-14 days of life. Author: Ahmad Jaber Aseeri, Abdulrahman mohammed asiri, Suliman Abdullah assri, Turki Ali Abdullah AlElyani, Mohammed Omar Mohammed Alsayed, Ahmed Omar Al Khudhayr, Faiz Jaber Hassan Sahari, Abdullah Abdu Alasmari Title: Overview of Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Diagnosis, Treatment Approaches International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Information about the distribution of causes of child mortality should be periodically updated because the causes can be different from time to another. We report the latest estimates of causes of child mortality in 2012.The main objective of this study is to determine the main causes of death in pediatric emergency room and evaluate of pediatric emergency room at Al-Sabin hospital- Sana'a. Yemen. Methods: A retrospective study of 300 children aged 0-15 years, who died in the hospital within a 2 months period. This study was carried out at emergency pediatric room at Al-Sabin hospital- Sana'a Yemen, between July 2012 and August 2012. Children who were admitted to the pediatric emergency room and died in it were included in this study. Data were collected from patient's files, hospital register and death certificate to ascertain the cause of death and their percentage. Results:Out of 300 admissions to the pediatric emergency room, 185 (61.7%) were males and 115 (38.3%) were females (Mean is (1.3) and standard deviation is (0.48) .there were 49 children deaths (16.3%). Deaths were higher among those <5 years of age. The most common causes of deaths in the pediatric emergency room were chest infections (5.3%) followed by malnutrition (3.7%), dehydration (3.7%), unknown causes (1.0%), complicated cases (1.0%), gastroenteritis (0.7%), family uncared (0.7%) and E.R uncared 0.3%. Conclusions: Child survival strategies should direct resources toward the leading causes of child mortality, with attention focusing on infectious causes. We will need accelerated reduction for the most common causes of death, notably pneumonia and malnutrition complications. Continued efforts to gather high-quality data and enhance estimation methods are essential for the improvement of future estimates. The percentage of deaths on admission among children is more than it was previously,. The majority of the causes of death is chest infection and it should be preventable. Efforts to further reduce the mortality should be directed at prevention and early treatment Keywords: child mortality, Child survival strategies, complicated cases. Title: Causes of Children Death in Emergency Room at Al-Sabin Hospital _Sana'a Author: Aziza Hussein Alqarbi, Sahara Hashim Shamsan, Alhambra Ahmed Raweh International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the challenges facing neurologist in the diagnosis of epilepsy, therefore, discussion of diagnostic procedures was demonstrated in this study, the second aim of this paper was to review the etiological factors associated with epilepsy. Detailed search and review of the literature was conducted using electronic databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCISEARCH; up to January, 2017, for studies reporting data on diagnosis and causes of epilepsy in all pollutions worldwide. Restriction to studies published in English and with human subjects was applied in our search strategies. It is evident that epilepsy is a complex and heterogeneous disorder with a long list of risk factors. We evaluated epilepsy etiologies and highlighted the primary risk-defining specifications as far as possible (injury severity, low grade tumors especially of temporal localization, early onset, genetic origin), which may promote prompt identification of a suitable target population (individuals at risk of establishing epilepsy). Variable significance of private etiologies (stroke, perinatal injury, infections in low earnings countries and existence of cofactors (other diseases or clinical symptoms) might cause region-specific epilepsy frequencies. Epilepsy is a medical diagnosis that is frequently based on medical history alone as healthcare providers hardly ever personally observe the patient's seizure activity. EEG is the most important diagnostic tool that may help in diagnosis, seizure category, and monitoring response to treatment. Keywords: Etiology and Diagnosis Challenges of Epilepsy, SCISEARCH; electronic databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE. Title: Etiology and Diagnosis Challenges of Epilepsy: Review Author: Yasser Dhafer Ali Alshahrani, Hassan Fayez Abdullah Alshehri, Yazeed Mohammed Yahya Al Hadi, Mohammed Saeed M. Alshahrani, Mohannad Saleh Aldossari, Ahmed Ali Saad Alqarni, Ayed Aboud Mohammed Abu Jaflah, Abdulwahab Salem Alghamdi, Fahad Abdulrahman Alazragi, Wael Khalil Hamati, Yahya Ali Hadram, Majed Abdullah Muteq International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major public health problem worldwide, ranking as the number one cause of death. Many studies found an association between CAD and depression, which is an under diagnosed and undertreated condition. Method: We aimed to establish the presence of an association between these two disabilities in King Abdulaziz University hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A cross sectional study was conducted on 99 randomly selected patients previously diagnosed with myocardial infarction, were they completed a baseline questionnaire, 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), and then 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Result and conclusion: We diagnosed 39% (39 out of 99) new cases of depression, with deferent stages of severity and concluded that there is in fact an association between these two disorders in our community in spite the cultural differences requiring physicians to actively screen patients with established CAD for depression. Keywords: Coronary artery disease (CAD), Patient Health Questionnaire. Title: Depression among Patients with Coronary Artery Disease in Saudi Arabia Author: Naeem Alshoaibi, Galya G. Alsharif, Jumanah MS. Ardawi, Lama Andijani, Mohammad Alahdal, Mohamed Nabil, Ama, Imad Hameedullah International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Objective: is to determine the efficacy of shortwave diathermy therapy for patients suffering from temporomandibular joint disorder. Methods: The study was performed on 32 patients with tempromandibular joint disorder. The patients were randomly divided into experimental and placebo groups. In the study group, the patients were treated with pulsed shortwave diathermy. The diathermy unit was with an operating frequency of 27.12 MHz. The unit houses a 200-cm2 induction coil with an air space plate of 2 cm. shortwave diathermy was performed using a direct skin contact for 15 minutes period. Each patient was given 3 treatment sessions per week over four weeks and a follow-up visit one week after treatment and again at 6 weeks. Effectiveness of shortwave diathermy was evaluated on pain and clicking in the groups. Results: The pain severity at the end of treatment in the experimental group was 4.7 ± 1.6, which was significantly less than the placebo group’s results of 6.8 ±1.5 (p < 0.05). Click reduction was 94.8% in the placebo group and 52.4% in the experimental group. The results were statistically significant for both pain and clicking without recurrence up to the 6 week follow-up period (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Shortwave diathermy is an effective treatment for reducing pain and clicking associated with tempromandibular joint disorders. Keywords: Shortwave diathermy, Tempromandibular joint, Tempromandibular joint disorder. Title: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Shortwave Diathermy on Tempromandibular Joint Disorders Author: Mahmoud Sedky Adly, Mohammed Khalid Y. Alzamzami, Abdulbadea Abdulrahman M. Altukroni, Abdulaziz Zaid Ali Bajaber, Loay Ahmed Yossuf International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals