Vol 11 Issue 3 July 2023-September 2023

Abstract: A positive cash flow situation gives a business more liquidity, which enables it to continue operating and generate greater revenue. Total debt describes how a corporation finances its assets through a combination of equity and debt, where the debt’s structure might include both short- and long-term debt. The research investigated the effect of free cash flow on total debt of companies listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study was anchored on free cash flow theory and trade off theory. The study applied descriptive research design and secondary data was obtained from the firms from 2007-2011. Panel regression analysis was applied and fixed effect model was used. The result showed a positive and significant relationship between free cash flow and total debt of firms. The study recommends that firm management should manage and maintain appropriate level of cash flow in order not to increase total debt of companies, which can lead to decrease in performance. 

Keywords: Free Cash Flow, Free Cash Flow Theory, Total Debt, Trade off Theory.

Title: EFFECT OF FREE CASH FLOW ON TOTAL DEBT OF FIRMS QUOTED ON NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE, KENYA

Author: Oliver Mukweyi Pyoko

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 11, Issue 3, July 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 41-45

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 19-September-2023

Abstract: The increased meat demand is a driver of poultry production which is expected to make up 39% protein source by 2030. This is because of its nutritional value, and also because there are no religious or cultural barriers hindering the production and consumption. The banning of animal products as a source of protein in the nutrition of animals in the EU, necessitates an alternative protein source. Soybean is considered as a source of plant protein in sustainable poultry production because it is relatively cheap and affordable. However, there is a high demand of soy products due to its relevance in both human and animals. The purpose of this work is to review the role of soybeans use as a major protein source in poultry nutrition. This work also focus on the prediction of future challenges in utilisation of soybean in animal diet such as Increase in price of feed ingredients due to competition between animal agriculture industries and bio-fuel industries, Demands of environmental regulations regarding animal feed production, due to nitrogen waste and phosphorus removal into the surroundings as a result of the use of soybean.

Keywords: Soybean, poultry, nutrition, protein, utilization, challenges.

Title: The Role of SoyBean in Sustainable Poultry Nutrition: Review

Author: ANTHONY ALVADIS ALLAHOKI

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 11, Issue 3, July 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 34-40

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 12-September-2023

Abstract: Currently, research effort in most developing countries  are geared towards identifying potential feed sources that have little or no demand by human. These feed resources could be cheap and available for compounding livestock ration as it will reduce competition between livestock and man. One hundred (100) day old Broiler chicks were purchased from a reputable farm in Zartech Jos plateau State. Birds were managed intensively using animal welfare guide. Four (4) broiler starter experimental diets were formulated such that the fermented baobab seed meal (FBSM) replaced soybeans at 0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5% dietary levels respectively. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of varying levels of fermented baobab seed on hematological indices of broiler chicks at starter phase.  (FBSM) showed significant (P <0.05) effect meal on mean corpuscular volume (MCV) Birds fed diet with 15% FBSM showed higher significant (P<0.05) value of 93.53f1 for mean corpuscular volume. Similarly, values recorded for birds fed control diet (T1) and diet with 7.5% FBSM (T2) were statistically similar 1.47 mg/dl and 1.50 mg/dl. The result of FBSM from this study shows no significant (P>0.05) influence on PCV, Hb, WBC, RBC, MCHC, MCH, total protein, cholesterol and creatinine. Similarly, no significance differences (P>0.05) were recorded for PCV, However, a better PCV range of 22.33% - 25.00% were recorded. From the result of this study, it was concluded that fermented baobab seed meal (FBSM) had on significant influence on most of the hematological parameters observed except MCV However, the inclusion level of 7.5 and 15% may be safe for improved hematological characteristics in broiler chickens at a starter phase.

Keywords: Graded levels, baobab seed, meal, hematological, broilers chicks.

Title: Hematological Response of Broiler Chickens Fed Diet Containing Varying Level of Fermented Baobab Seed Meal at Starter Phase

Author: ANTHONY ALVADIS ALLAHOKI

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 11, Issue 3, July 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 30-33

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 12-September-2023

Abstract: This research aims to: 1) Analyze the factors affecting the level of oil palm production, 2) Analyze the impact of oil palm farming on income, and 3) Analyze the factors affecting the impact of oil palm farming on household food security. This research was conducted in the Bukal District, Buol Regency. The location selection was done purposively. A total of 120 respondents were selected from 12 villages. Estimating factors affecting was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. Primary data were obtained through interview methods and distributing questionnaires to respondents, while secondary data were sourced from village, district, and regency-level statistical data, as well as data from various relevant institutions. Data processing was conducted manually and through computerization using Microsoft Office Excel 2007, Frontier 4.1, and SPSS programs. This research indicates that, first, the factors influencing the level of oil palm production simultaneously are land area, number of trees, fertilizer, herbicide, and labor. Second, the factors influencing the income level from oil palm farming simultaneously are land area, number of trees, production, fertilizer price, herbicide price, and labor wage. Third, the factors affecting the food security of oil palm farmers are food expenditure and non-food expenditure.

Keywords: Farming, Production, Income, and Food Security.

Title: Analysis of Income and Food Security of Oil Palm Farming Households in the BUKAL DISTRICT

Author: Musadianto Madusila, Arifuddin Lamusa, Made Antara, Saiful Darman, Muh.Nur Sangadji

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 11, Issue 3, July 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 22-29

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 12-September-2023

Abstract: An accurate estimation of project cost, and time is one of the most vital information for project management team, especially in mega-project involved brownfield scope of work. It is argued that behavioral biases are the root cause of projects underperform which lead to sunk cost fallacy and schedule overrun. Starting from the uniqueness bias which is considered the real feed of behavioral biases. The paper explains the two most popular behavioral biases which are optimistic, and escalation of commitment biases and how mentioned behavioral biases lead to inaccurate estimation of project cost and duration. Then, A solution was proposed to overcome behavioral biases in project management field by utilizing Artificial Neural Network which is a fast and accurate technique for estimating project cost, time, and risk in comparison with traditional methods.

Keywords: behavioral biases, optimistic biases, escalation of commitment biases, Artificial Neural Network, Cost and Time Estimation, Project Management.

Title: Mitigation of Behavioral Biases by Utilizing Artificial Neural Network in Project Management

Author: Khalid H. Alsufyani

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 11, Issue 3, July 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 17-21

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 08-August-2023

Abstract: The current mirror is one of the most basic building blocks both in analog and mixed mode VLSI circuits especially for active elements like as op-amps, current conveyors, current feedback amplifiers etc. At large supply voltages, there is a trade – off among speed, power and gain. The main characteristics under consideration are voltage, power, dynamic range, bandwidth, low offset voltage, high output voltage swing. The purpose of this work is to design a CMOS low power, low voltage current mirror with enhanced dynamic range. Most of the analog systems employ cascade current mirror & its various advancements. A low power low voltage cascade current mirror is designed, simulated and optimized to achieve required results. And a most recent current mirror architecture low voltage level shifted cascade current mirror is designed, simulated & optimized by using varying biasing voltages & currents and aspect ratio of transistor employed in current mirror. The Main emphasis in this work is focused to enhance dynamic range and to lower the power consumption.

Keywords: current mirror, voltage, power, dynamic range, power consumption.

Title: Analysis of Low Voltage Level Shift Cascade Current Mirror

Author: AMIT SAINI, Dr. ANZAR AHMAD, ABHISHEK CHAND RAMOLA, Dr. PRAVESH BELWAL

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 11, Issue 3, July 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 7-16

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 25-July-2023

Abstract: Eucalyptus trees, like any other forestry plants, play a pivotal role in sustaining the natural endowments of almost all bio – setups coupled with multi – economic benefits. An undisputable observatory survey made in some parts of Mashonaland East Province of Zimbabwe, manifests bio and economic benefits of the tree species, to include reclamation of waterlogged burdened arable lands, reclaiming gullies , reduction of open water source sedimentation and improvement of the general environmental outlook. Economically, the tree species nursed the nation through availing all by-products derived from it in particular the construction and the manufacturing industries. However, all benefits derived from the tree happened to be at a latent cost, which to date currently manifested its self through underground water depletion as evidenced by change of cropping patterns among farmers mostly the rural folk. Global campaigns in the upkeep of a health environment by tree establishment, attracted the Zimbabwean nationals into planting more trees dominated by the eucalyptus species, most of which in or along wetlands which to date has contributed to ground water sources depletion against high extraction costs. High extraction costs take cognisance of a situation where if people were to opt for borehole as an alternative measure. This study therefore ravels the tree species controversy with much inclination to socio economic rather than empirical evidence. 

Keywords: water depletion, eucalyptus, controversial, ground water, paradigm shift.

Title: CONTROVERSIAL ROLE OF THE EUCALYPTUS TREE SPECIES: A CHALLENGE ON GROUND WATER DEPLETION

Author: Masimba Gwemende

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 11, Issue 3, July 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 1-6

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-July-2023