Vol 3 Issue 1 January 2015-March 2015

Abstract: This study was carried out to characterize three strains of bacteria isolated from groundnut grown in different soils in the Sudan using 16SrRNA gene sequences. The analysis of the sequences revealed that all the three isolates and the reference strains are Klebsiella spp. with similarity ranging from 98% to 99%. However when the sequences were aligned, it was found that there are differences between the different isolated and the reference strains in three positions namely 867, 955 and 964. The differences in the three positions resulted in differences in the translated amino acids of the sequences of the genes also in three positions 289, 319 and 322.

Keywords: Endophytic, Isolates, Klebsiella, Rhizobia, Sequences, Strain.

Title: Molecular Characterization of Bacteria Isolated From Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Root Nodules

Author: Dr. Abdelmalik O. A. Idris, Prof. Awad M. Abdel Rahim, Prof. Abdelmoniem E. Suliman, Prof. Michael Gottfert

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Free radicals are capable of damaging cellular molecules, DNA, proteins, and lipids leading to altered cellular functions. Many recent studies reveal that antioxidants capable of neutralizing free radicals are effective in preventing experimentally induced diabetes in animal models [1] as well as reducing the severity of diabetic complications. The aim of this study is to investigate modulation of diabetic complications by   lycopene alone or combined with linolenic acid in diabetic rats. Sixty male Wister rats were used in this experiment. Divided into 6 groups (each 10 rats) . (group 1, normal), which was receive a single dose of 0.1 mol/L citrate buffer intrapertnial. (Group 2-6) rats were intrapretonial injected with STZ (65 mg/kg body weight) [7],STZ was  freshly prepared in a 0.1 mol/L citrate buffer (pH 4.5).Only rats with blood glucose higher than 250 mg/dL after 5 days will be considered as being diabetic in the fasting state, diabetic rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:  healthy group were received 0.1mol/l  citrate buffer, Diabetic untreated , and three groups ,diabetic and treated with two different types from the extract lycopene and linolenic acid and third group treated with combination of both above mentioned. Treatments will be continued for 6 weeks. Oxidative stress markers (Nitric oxide, malondialdhyde, glutathione peroxidase and lactate dehydrogenase) were evaluated in all groups.It was found that, Lycopene alone or combined with  linolenic acid acts as free radical scavenging system that protect the damage of complications of diabetic. Further studies should be done to examin the signaling of diabetic and  the action of these nutrients  as antioxidant.

Keywords: Diabetic complications- rats- Lycopene.

Title: Modulation of Diabetic Complications by Lycopene and Linolenic Acid in Rats

Author: Yousef A. D. AL-Khadem, Abdulrahman L. AL-Malki, Said S. Moselhy

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Bacteria are a very diverse group of organisms in soil, and major taxonomic groups are represented in most soils. The extent of the diversity of microorganisms in soil is seen to be critical to the maintenance of soil health and quality, since a wide range of bacteria are involved in the important soil functions. The objectives of this study were to isolate, characterise morphologically bacteria that are associated with soil quality in tea growing areas of Ngere. Thirty eight isolates were obtained using two categories of media, namely dilute nutrient broth agar and Tryptone soy agar. Ngere tea soils had a pH range of 3.9 to 5.0 and organic carbon content that ranged from 3% to 19%. The isolates were characterized using cultural and biochemical techniques. The Gram stain reaction showed that 53% of the isolates were Gram positive while 47% were Gram negative, and they grew well at pH ranging from 5 ­ 6.5 and temperature range of 25oC to 35oC

This study demonstrated that Ngere tea soils harbours diverse bacteria with specific biochemical properties like the ability to reduce nitrate to nitrite, nitrogen fixation, ability to produce urease enzyme that splits urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia, ability to hydrolyse starch and to solubilisation phosphate suggests their involvement in the nutrient recycling within the tea soils hence improving soil fertility. The presence of isolates such as D5, D16, S31, D2, and S23 could indicate that they can be used both as bio control agents for weeds. Furthermore, presence of isolates: D61, D19, S30, D1, D78, D13, S55, D60, D79, S48 among others and high percentage of organic carbon content, strongly suggested extend of fertility of this soils because this isolates are important element in mineral recycling hence can be used as indicators of soil health\\ biosensors or biofertilizers.

Keywords:  Soil quality, Ngere tea and Bacteria

Title: MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL BACTERIA IN NGERE TEA CATCHMENT AREA OF MURANG’A COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Eliud Nalianya Wafula, Johnson Kinyua, Daniel Kariuki, Anne Muigai, Romano Mwirichia, Tom Kibet

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

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Abstract: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are useful in human health as probiotics. To achieve this they need to reach the gastro-intestinal tract and remain viable. This study assessed the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from fermented coconut wine (Mnazi). A total of fifteen strains were screened in vitro for acid tolerance, bile tolerance, survival under conditions of simulated GIT passage and their antimicrobial activity against indicator organisms using standard techniques. The results showed that all fifteen strains had high viable counts after three hours at pH 2.5 but showed reduced viability at pH 2.0 where only eight survived. In general, there was better survival of the isolates after exposure to bile when grown at pH 2.5 than pH 2.0. The strains also survived exposure to the simulated stomach duodenum passage (SSDP) for three hours (37%-56%). They showed variable potent antimicrobial activity against indicator organisms. All the strains inhibited B. subtilis, three strains were unable to inhibit E. coli while two strains were unable to inhibit S. aureus. In conclusion, these findings show that the fifteen strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Mnazi had desirable probiotic properties as they were able to survive simulated stomach duodenum passage as well as inhibit test pathogenic microorganisms.

Keyword: Coconut, Mnazi, Probiotics, Lactic acid bacteria, Antimicrobial.            

Title: Probiotic Potential Of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Coconut (Cocos Nucifera) Wine (Mnazi) In Kenya

Author: Wambugu Jeniffer Njoki, Hamadi I. Boga, Kutima P. M, Mathaara J. Maina, Tunje T. Kadere

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Helminth infections, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Hymenolepis nana and Trichuris trichiura are major public health concerns. Helminths are able to survive in their mammalian hosts for many years due to their ability to manipulate the immune response by secreting immunomodulatory products. This research work was carried out to know the prevalence of soil-transmitted helmintiasis (ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm) among adolescents in Ilara-Mokin Community of Ifedore Local Government Area of Ondo State. Students of Ilara-Mokin Community High School were recruited for this study having obtained their consents through their parents and teachers. Ethical approval was obtained from the appropriate ethical and research committee. Stool samples were collected from the pupils and immediately transported to the Laboratory of State Specialist Hospital, Akure where they were examined for the presence of ova/larva of the parasites using wet preparation and formal-ether concentration methods with the aid of binocular light microscope. Out of the 128 pupils recruited, 46 were males while 82 were females. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis was 28.9% with ascariasis taking the lead 21.9% followed by hookworm 3.9% and trichuriasis has the least prevalence of 3.1%. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis is considerably high among adolescents in Ilara-Mokin, therefore there is need for Government to introduce an integrated program that would see to the elimination of these infections.

Keywords: soil-transmitted helminthiasis, prevalence, adolescents, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State.

Title: Human Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis among Adolescents in Ilara-Mokin Community, Ondo State, Nigeria; a Case Study of Ascaris Lumbrecoides, Trichuris Trichuira and Hookworm

Author: Akinseye JF, Nmorsi OPG, Akinbolaji TJ

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract:   Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital disorder occurring in 0.01% of the population. It is characterized by the transposition of the major thoracic organs and all the visceral organs of the abdomen to the side opposite to normal position in the body. The liver and gall bladder are located on the left, while the stomach and the spleen are on the right.  We report the first case of a successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a male patient with situs inversus totalis with HBsAg positive status in our hospital.

Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; Situs inversus totalis; Gallstones; Difficult cholecystectomy technique.

Title: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Situs Inversus Totalis: A Case Report

Author: Shashank Mishra, Akash Gupta, Dhananjay Bansal, Atul Jain

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Lipases (E.C. 3.1.1.3) are a class of serine hydrolase which belongs to the α/β hydrolases super family. Triacylglycerol acyl esters hydrolase are carboxyl esterase that catalyses both hydrolysis and synthesis of ester formed from glycerol. Lipase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of stored triacylglycerol releasing di and monoglycerol.

The project deals with the screening of lipase producing organisms. Using Staphylococcus aureus isolated from oil spilled soil, the production of lipase was attempted along with its purification and characterization studies. When different carbon and nitrogen sources are supplemented in the culture medium glycerol, starch, peptone, potassium nitrate found to be the best. When cultivated at optimal temperature and pH of 37°C and 7.5 the lipase produced maximum lipase activity.  The organic nitrogen source (peptone) was found to be best lipase enhancing element.  The enzyme was partially purified using 60% ammonium sulphate precipitation.

Keywords:  Lipase, Staphylococcus aureus, fermentation, optimization.

Title: Isolation and Identification of Lipid Degrading Microorganisms, Optimization of Medium and Partial Purification of the Lipase Enzyme

Author: Anil Khatape, Sambhaji Chavan, Shonak Khade, Dr. Namita Doiphode

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: To govern the sex of given unknown samples by firstly amplifying the SRY gene, which was required for the testis differentiation, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and then attaching specific primers. Gel electrophoresis was undertaken for separating DNA fragments and visualisation using UV light to get images of bands for comparison of length and results by DNA analysis through spectrophotometry. In this experiment agarose gel was used because of its simple nature, fastness and nontoxicity. Conclusive results were obtained and the analysis was successful.

Keyword: genotyping, sex determining gene, DNA replication, SRY gene, PCR primers, Spectrophotometry.

Title: Sex Determination Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr): A Research Report

Author:  Kaushal Richa

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract:  The present study aim was to determine the biomass and examine the monthly variation of phytoplanktonic organisms in three tanks of Hunagund Taluka. The Phytoplankton density tends to vary based on different environmental parameters with respect to time and space.  A study was carried out from May 2008 to May 2009 to find out phytoplankton density. The phytoplanktons were (105μm mesh size) collected from all the three selected study stations by making use of funnel- shaped plankton net. The samples were preserved and analysed by making use of biomass estimation method.  During present observation totally 90 number or plankton species  were noticed in all the three stations, which belongs to different classes like Chloroccales, Desmids, Euglezoids, Diatoms  and Blue Greens. As per present observation Ankistrodesmus falcatus species found to be dominant in Chlorococcales, Pediastrum duplex is second dominant and Scenedesmus accuminatus is third dominant species in Balakundi tank. In Shivanagutti tank Closterium Acerosum is dominant and Cosmarium Snudum is least found in Desmids. In Chikkodagali tank Closterium lancelolatum is dominant, Comorian Angulosum. is second dominant and Cosmarium Hammeri  is found in least numbers.

Keywords: Phytoplanktons, Phycocyanin,  Hunagud Taluka,  freshwater bodies.

Title: Plankton Biomass of Balakundi, Shivanagutti and Chikkakodagali tanks of Hunagunda Taluka

Author: Sajjanar G.M, J. L. Rathod

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: In the recent times, observing the decreasing trend of male reproductive health in men and animals, the present study was aimed to find out histological changes in rat testes exposed to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF) emitted from commercially available mobile phones. After clearance from Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC), approximately 5 weeks old male Swiss albino rats, weighing 40-50 g were kept in steady-state micro-environmental conditions (24 ± 1o C and 50 ± 5 % humidity). Rats were given radiation exposure using Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) mobile phone with 3 hrs exposure, followed by 30 minutes rest and again 3 hrs exposure per day for 6 months. The control group was handled in the same manner as the treated ones, but was not irradiated at any point. Histological examination of testicular tissue exposed to electromagnetic radiation revealed the detachment of adjacent seminiferous tubules and decreased number of Leydig cells at interstitial space. Spermatozoa density in seminiferous tubules was found decreased. Cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and condensed nuclei were also observed.

Keywords: RF-EMF, mobile, albino rats, testes, seminiferous tubules.

Title: Histological Changes in Rat Testes after Exposure to Mobile Phone Radiations

Author: Pradeep Kumar, Promod Mehta, Nidhi, Vineeta Shukla

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Tuberculosis, one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans is caused by bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Smear microscopy and culture forms the backbone of tuberculosis (TB) laboratory investigations in tertiary healthcare facilities which have a large number of cases and financial constraints. 1030 patients Sputum samples received in Microbiology laboratory in a tertiary care hospital during one year period was performed with Ziehl-Neelsen Acid Fast Staining, grading’s were as per RNTCP grading. Among 1030 patients, 130(12.62%) were AFB smear positive. All positive sputum specimens were concentrated by using Petroff’s method and inoculated in Lowenstein Jensen medium. The inoculated LJ medium was incubated at 37 C. The results were recorded. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria were differentiated based on their colony morphology and other identification tests.

Keywords: Sputum smears microscopy, LJ medium, Conventional diagnostic methods, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Non-Tuberculosis mycobacteria.

Title: Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Conventional Smear Microscopy and Culture Methods in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Author: SM.Nachammai, Dr.Mangayarkarasi.V MD.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-3148 (online), ISSN2348-313X (Print)

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Abstract: Histamine and histamine receptors are and will always be fruitful concern for the upcoming pharmacologists. Histamine is the most important mediator of mast cells in immunonureal signal transduction. They have a promising future in helping to form the main link in identification of new avenues in drug targeting to treat many disorders in mankind. Due to fascinating properties of histamine such as role in modulation of proliferation with in various malignant and normal cells in the body and its receptor’s role in biological actions its value is enhanced. Considerably important discoveries done by scientists over several years has made its contribution to our basic knowledge of role of histamine and its receptors in paracrine and autocrine proliferation and its key value in pathological, physiological circumstances exposing novel functionality for paving the way for better perspectives and scopes in pharmacological drug research.

Keyword: Histamine receptors, inflammation, drug therapeutics, histaminergic, drug targeting, antagonists, cell signalling.

Title: Histamine Receptors as Drug Targets in Current and Future Therapeutics

Author: Kaushal Richa

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

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Abstract: Skin metastases occur in 0.6%-10.4% of all patients with cancer and represent 2% of all skin tumors. Skin metastases from visceral malignancies are important for dermatologists and dermatopathologists because of their variable clinical appearance and presentation, frequent delay and failure in their diagnosis, relative proportion of different internal malignancies metastasizing to the skin, and impact on morbidity, prognosis, and treatment. Another factor to take into account is that cutaneous metastasis may be the first sign of clinically silent visceral cancer. The relative frequencies of metastatic skin disease tend to correlate with the frequency of the different types of primary cancer in each sex. Thus, women with skin metastases have the following distribution in decreasing order of frequency of primary malignancies: breast, ovary, oral cavity, lung, and large intestine. In men, the distribution is as follows: lung, large intestine, oral cavity, kidney, breast, esophagus, pancreas, stomach, and liver. A wide morphologic spectrum of clinical appearances has been described in cutaneous metastases. This variable clinical morphology included nodules, papules, plaques, tumors, and ulcers. From a histopathologic point of view, there are 4 main morphologic patterns of cutaneous metastases involving the dermis, namely, nodular, infiltrative, diffuse, and intravascular. Generally, cutaneous metastases herald a poor prognosis. In this article, we review the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies, classify the most common cutaneous metastases, and identify studies that may assist in diagnosing the origin of a cutaneous metastasis.

Keyword: Cutaneous metastasis, Metastasis, Malignancies, Skin metastasis.

Title: Cutaneous Metastasis In Internal Malignancies

Author: Nikhil Sharma, Akanksha Sharma, Atul Jain, Vikas Jain, Ritin Malik

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Malaria control is getting tougher each day due to development of resistance to anti-malaria drugs in the parasite and resistance to insecticides in malaria vectors. Alternate strategies are thus required to break the complex malaria parasite interaction. Malaria vectors like other living beings carries diverse flora in their gut, which may inhibit the malaria parasite development inside the mosquito. We earlier identified a natural gut residing lactic acid bacteria Carnobacterium sp., isolated from lab-reared Anopheles stephensi mosquito. An. stephensi is known vector of malaria in Indian subcontinent. Thus, in the present manuscript efforts were made to understand the sporogonic development of Plasmodium vinckei petteri in presence of the bacterium. The bacterium was established in mosquito gut by feeding orally along with sugar meal to a group of gut sanitized mosquito. Groups of naïve, gut sanitized and Carnobacterium sp. fed mosquitoes were used to compare the difference in sporogony of P. v. petteri. This bacterium shows antagonistic effect on development of the malaria parasite.

Keywords: Mosquito, Gut bacteria, Malaria parasite, Sporogony.

Title: Effect of Carnobacterium Sp. On Plasmodium Sporogony in Anopheles Stephensi Mosquito

Author: Devender Dhayal, Anil Sharma, T. Adak, Ranjana Jaiwal

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract:  A. paniculata are spread throughout south India and Srilanka which perhaps represent the centre of origin and diversity of the species. A. paniculata is of common occurrence in most of the places in our country including the plains and hilly areas. It is one of the important ingredients in Ayurvedic preparations recommended for fever and liver diseases. Andrographolide, chief constituent extracted from the leaves of the plant. The hepatoprotective action of andrographolide is related to activity of certain metabolic enzymes. Andrographis is the herb of Andrographis paniculata, a flowering plant in the Acanthaceae family. The active constituents of Andrographis paniculata are saponins, alkaloids, and phytosterols.

1-β-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Cytosine arabinoside) (Ara-C) is the most important antimetabolite chemotherapeutic drug used for acute leukemia. In this study we examined the protective property of an ethanolic extract of Andrographolide paniculata on biochemical changes in chick embryo. CA caused biochemical changes in a concentration and time dependent manner in amniotic fluid, liver and heart tissues.

Keywords: Andrographolide, Acanthaceae, saponins, phytosterols, hepatoprotective, Ara-C, Amniotic fluid, Biochemical parameters and Chick embryo.

Title: Andrographis Paniculata Nees’s Protective Role on Cytarabine Induced Oxidative Damage in Chick Embryo

Author: Mazahirul Islam Syed, Dr. Md.Sohail, Dr. Abdul Ilah, Dr. Sozan A. Ali Ismeail

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-3148 (online), ISSN2348-313X (Print)

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