Vol 10 Issue 4 October 2022-December 2022

Abstract: Vitamin D deficiency is now recognized as a pandemic. The major cause of vitamin D deficiency is the lack of appreciation that sun exposure in moderation is the major source of vitamin D for most humans. Very few foods naturally contain vitamin D, and foods that are fortified with vitamin D are often inadequate to satisfy either a child’s or an adult’s vitamin D requirement. Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children and will precipitate and exacerbate osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fractures in adults. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk of common cancers, autoimmune diseases, hypertension, and infectious diseases. A circulating level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D of >75 nmol/L, or 30 ng/mL, is required to maximize vitamin D’s beneficial effects for health. In the absence of adequate sun exposure, at least 800 –1000 IU vitamin D₃/d may be needed to achieve this in children and adults. Vitamin D₂ may be equally effective for maintaining circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D when given in physiologic concentrations.

Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, common cancers, autoimmune diseases, physiologic concentrations.

Title: Vitamin D deficiency: a global problem with health implications

Author: Majed Abdullah Alqahtani, Lamya Fahad Abdulwahed, Mohammed Ibrahim Dayili, Sultan Fahad Alqahtani, Ibrahim Hussain Qaisi, Nahedh Rashed Alotaibi, Hassan Ghanam Alqahtani, Dr.Ayeman Abdullah Mahzari_, Wardah Naiher Alanazi, Aminah Fazaa Alanazi

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 104-109

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Published Date: 29-December-2022

Abstract: Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency is a common cause of megaloblastic anemia, a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms and elevated serum homocysteine ​​levels, particularly in the elderly. There are a number of risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency, including long-term use of metformin and proton pump inhibitors. No major medical organization, including the U. Preventive Services Task Force, has published guidance on screening for vitamin B12 deficiency in asymptomatic or low-risk adults, but high-risk patients, such as B. those with malabsorption disorders, can order a detection.

The initial laboratory evaluation of a patient suspected of having vitamin B12 deficiency should include a complete blood count and serum vitamin B12 level. can be used to confirm deficiency in asymptomatic, high-risk patients with low normal vitamin B12 levels. Because crystalline formulations are better absorbed than natural vitamin B12, patients over the age of 50 and strict vegetarians should consume vitamin B12-fortified foods and vitamin B12 supplements rather than attempting to obtain vitamin B12 from dietary sources only

Administering vitamin B12 to patients with elevated serum homocysteine ​​levels has not been shown to decrease cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk patients or alter cognitive decline in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Keywords: vitamin B12 deficiency, medical organization, decrease cardiovascular, moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Title: Update on Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Author: Mohammed Saleh AlQahtani, Sami saleh almalki, MOHAMMED ALI AL MUJRI, FAISAL FAHAD ALMOTAIRI, Mohammed shatwi alqahtani,Thabit Ehsan Arnous, Mohammed Shaye alqhtani, Bader Ali Hazazi, Kholoud Rabah Alrashedi, Ghadeer Mohd alonazi

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 97-103

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 29-December-2022

Abstract: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ [25(OH)D₃] concentrations are currently recognized as the functional status indicator for vitamin D. Evidence is reviewed that shows that serum 25(OH)D₃ concentrations of < 80 nmol/L are associated with reduced calcium absorption, osteoporosis, and increased fracture risk. For typical older individuals, supplemental oral intakes of ~1300 IU/d are required to reach the lower end of the optimal range. Evidence of substantial problems in routine clinical measurement of serum 25(OH)D₃ concentrations among patients is cited. There is great need for standardization and improved reproducibility and sensitivity of measurements of serum 25(OH)D₃ concentrations.

Keywords: Rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, calcium absorption, fractures, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D_3.

Title: Functional indices of vitamin D status and consequences of vitamin D deficiency

Author: FAHAD ABDULAZIZ ALKHARAAN, NAWAF TURKY ALENIZI, MOHAMMED HADI ALHABABI, NORA MUNAHI ALMUTAIRI, Abdullah Abdulrzaq Aljuwayi

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 92-96

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Published Date: 28-December-2022

Abstract: Case Summary A 67-year-old woman with iron deficiency anemia and unexplained persistent chronic leukopenia was treated at our medical center for approximately 16 years. During this time she was carefully evaluated and diagnosed with chronic idiopathic neutropenia. (also known as chronic benign neutropenia). His iron deficiency was attributed to dietary factors and he was non-compliant with his oral iron supplements. prolonged hospitalization after an acute ischemic stroke.

A surprising result was that in addition to treating his iron deficiency anemia, his longstanding unexplained neutropenia was also corrected. as yet undescribed form of neutropenia induced by iron deficiency.

Keywords: Anemia, Iron deficiency, Leukopenia, Neutropenia, Patient adherence.

Title: Unexplained chronic leukopenia treated with oral iron supplements

Author: Maram Hussein Almowallad, Wedad Raghyan Albalawi, Norah Hamad Almogri, Nawal mohammad alhazmi, Khalifah Abdulrahman al Shwaihi, MOHAMMED SULAIMAN ABDULKARIM, Abdulrahman saleh suliman

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 87-91

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Published Date: 28-December-2022

Abstract: 744 patients from 3 different clinical settings were evaluated as follows: unfractionated heparin (UFH) during or after cardiac surgery (n=100), UFH after orthopedic surgery (n=100, = 205) and molecular weight heparin (LMWH) after orthopedic surgery (n = 439). In the activation assay, the frequency of HIT-IgG formation varied from a minimum of 3.2% in orthopedic patients receiving LMWH to a maximum of 20% in cardiac patients receiving UFH; per antigen assay, the corresponding frequencies ranged from 7.5% to 50%.

However, in patients who developed HIT-IgG and received UFH, the probability of HIT was higher in orthopedic patients than in cardiac patients (according to the activation assay: 52.6% vs. 5%; odds ratio 21.1). [95% CI, 2.2-962.8]; P = .001; nach Antigen-Assay: 34,5 % vs. 2,0 %; Odds Ratio, 25,8 [95 % KI, 3,2-1141]; P < 001). It is concluded that there is an unexpected dissociation between the frequency of HIT-IgG formation and the risk of HIT, which depends on the patient population.

Keywords: cardiac patients, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, patient population.

Title: Influence of the patient population on the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Author: MOHAMMED AYED ALSEFRI, MORAD AYED ALSEFRI, ABDULLAH SALEM ALHARBI

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 82-86

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Published Date: 22-December-2022

Abstract: Free radicals interfere with the equilibrium of cells and tissues, which can lead to cancer. Fresh water algae such as Microspora tumidula and Lyngbya kützingii is a great source of secondary antioxidant metabolites. These metabolites most likely work well in the therapy of cancer. Algae exhibit huge variety of pigments not only chlorophyll, Carotenoids, phycobilins, and xanthophylls are the most prevalent of these. In the beginning, the medicinal effect of microalgae biomass was studied when it was used as pills, powder, and water additives. More and more studies in recent years have focused on finding and using useful medicinal components in algae. Aim of this study to evaluate the antioxidant role of algae in pharmaceutical industries. In the current investigation, the algal extracts were prepared by using three solvents methanol, chloroform and n-hexane to know about antioxidant potential of algae of specific area. To evaluate the antioxidant activity different test were performed such as DPPH, TAA, TPC, FRAP and MC. In Microspora tumidula 15.16% DPPH highest value was shown by methanolic extract. In FRAP Lyngbya kützingii showed maximum value in methanolic extract 64 µM Trolox mg^-1. While the highest value of TPC by Lyngbya kützingii was shown in chloroform extracts 37.5µg GAE /mg. The results of total antioxidant activity (TAA) were showed that Lyngbya kützingii and Microspora tumidula both exhibited the highest value 154mg /g and 152mg/g respectively in methanolic extract. The result of metal chelating test showed highest value in chloroform extract 10.44% by Lyngbya kützingii. So both these algal species showed antioxidant potential.

Keywords: Antioxidant potential, pharmaceutical industries, Evaluation, secondary metabolites, Cancer, Solvents extract.

Title: Antioxidant Activity of Fresh Water Algae (Lyngbya kützingii and Microspora tumidula) From a Village in Kasur

Author: Aneeza Attique, Uzma Hanif, Ghazala B., Muzammal Abbas, Muhammad Fahad Shakeel, Ifra Aslam, Misha Arshad, Shumaila Rasheed

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 73-81

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Published Date: 21-December-2022

Abstract: Rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis of active COVID-19 infection is one of the cornerstones of pandemic control. With the large number of tests available on the market, using the correct sample type and laboratory testing technique in the  clinical setting will be challenging for laypersons. In this mini-review, we will discuss the difference in diagnostic performance of different upper and lower airway samples and the role of blood and stool samples. We will discuss the performance characteristics of nucleic acid laboratory testing techniques in Acid Enhancement Tests, Antigen Detection Tests, Antibody Detection Tests and Point-of-Care Tests.

Finally, the dynamics of viral replication and antibody production are discussed and the interpretation of laboratory results along with clinical scenarios.

Keywords: COVID-19 infection, laboratory testing technique, Antigen Detection Tests, Antibody Detection Tests.

Title: COVID-19 LABORATORY TESTING

Author: Mohammed Abduh Hummadi, Safooq Hamdi Al Shammari, Abdullah Abdulrahman Al Oraini, Adel Musaad Alabdulmunim, Saud Abdullah Alarifi, Ahmed Ali Jarah

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 64-72

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Published Date: 06-December-2022

Abstract: In the commercial development of freshwater ornamental fish culture, provision of appropriate temperature for egg incubation and further development of the fish at various stages is an important aspect in successful attainment of seed production. Little work has been done on the breeding of Paracheirodon innesi. Since, this species is very temperature sensitive, the study was conducted to determine the effect of different temperatures on breeding behaviour, hatchability and larval rearing of P. innesi. Broodstock were fed three times a day with bloodworms, tubifex and cladocerans at 4% body weight. Artificially fertilized eggs of neon tetra P. innesi obtained after spawning of cultured broodstock were incubated at temperatures of 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26⁰C in triplicates. The results showed that the optimal temperature for neon tetra embryonic development ranged from 22 to 26⁰C. Highest (70 ± 1.9 %) mean hatching percentage of eggs was observed at 26⁰C, whereas, the lowest (52.2 ± 4.8%) was observed at 18⁰C (P < 0.05). The incubation period varied inversely with temperature. Eggs took 38 - 40 hours for hatching at 18⁰C while it took only 24 - 26 hours at 26⁰C (P< 0.05). Based on the results of the present experiment, the temperature range of 24 to 26 ⁰C can be recommended as optimum temperature for artificial propagation, larval rearing and higher survival of P. innesi.

Keywords: neon tetra, Paracheirodon innesi, temperature, embryonic development, hatching success.

Title: Effect of temperature on incubation period and hatching of neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi eggs

Author: NITESH V. KADTAN, DR. KIRAN S. SHILLEWAR

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 57-63

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Published Date: 29-November-2022

Abstract: Musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) is considered Endangered by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and is under Schedule-I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, because of its illicit hunting for musk as well as habitat loss. The present study aims to analyze the present distribution pattern of Musk Deer in the Himalayan region of Uttarakhand. Precipitation of the driest month (Bio14), mean temperature of warmest quarter (Bio10), annual mean temperature ( Bio1) and land use land cover were the major contributing variables to the model with area under Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve being 0.924. Using the Global Climate Models (GCM) MaxEnt and MIROC6, we projected the distribution of the endangered Musk Deer in the Himalayan region of Uttarakhand for the years 2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2061-2080, and 2081-2100. Future climate change will either widen, narrow, or shift the climatic niche of many species, which may cause those species' geographic ranges to change. Overall, the shift of habitat shows a latitudinal pattern.

Keywords: Musk Deer, Species Distribution Modelling (SDM), MaxEnt, Uttarakhand, Bioclimatic variables.

Title: SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELING OF MUSK DEER USING REMOTE SENSING AND G.I.S, UTTARAKHAND

Author: Arushi Lohani, Dr. Suneet Naithani, Dr. G. Areendran, Sunny Joshi

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 47-56

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Published Date: 18-November-2022

Abstract: Despite the importance of Scoliidae (Hymenoptera) in pest biological control and plant pollination, their taxonomy and systematics are far from clear. Some species are difficult to differentiate because of extreme morphological characteristics similarity. DNA barcoding is a useful tool to delineate species that are difficult to identify using morphological structures. In this study, the six and three samples of Scoliid wasps were collected in Central Bicol State University of Agriculture (CBSUA), Camarines Sur, Bicol, and Nueva Ecija, respectively, were discerned using DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial COI gene. Collected scoliid wasps from two sites have bodies that were fairly large and shouted; length ranged from 16.5 – 19.73mm. Antennae were light red; wings black with purplish reflections; and abdomen with faint blue reflections. Results showed that the three samples (1CBSUA, 2CBSUA, and 4CBSUA) from CBSUA and one sample (2NE) from Nueva Ecija were similar to Scolia kuroiwae. However, only two (1CBSUA, 97.2%; 2NE, 97.8%) from these samples passed the 97.0% cutoff of similarity. On the other hand, the remaining samples (3CBSUA, 5CBSUA, and 6CBSUA; 1NE and 3NE) were similar to Scolia verticalis but failed to hit the 97.0% cutoff of similarity. Samples with hits lower than the 97.0% similarity threshold suggest the possibility of species diversity among the collected Scoliid wasps in the two sites.

Keywords: DNA barcoding, scarab beetle, Scolia species, Scoliidae.

Title: DNA Barcoding of Scoliid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) From Selected Sites in Luzon Island, Philippines

Author: Del Rosario, Allan B.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 41-46

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Published Date: 12-November-2022

Abstract: The mixture of some rare metal ions with an important 2-(1,3-Benzoxazole -2-yl - sulfanyl)-N-phenyl acetamide (BSPA) ligand to form coordination complex is an important area of current research. Less explored biologically important 2-(1,3-benzoxazole -2-yl - sulfanyl )-N-phenyl acetamide  ligand is allowed to react with solution of some rare metal perchlorate and attempt has been made to synthesize solid  2-(1,3-benzoxazole -2-yl- sulfanyl )-N-phenyl acetamide complex. These 2-(1,3-benzoxazole-2-yl-sulfanyl)-N-phenyl acetamide complex are subjected to antimicrobial activity of these complex has been evaluated by standard methods and attempts have been made to correlate structural characteristics with properties of these 2-(1,3-benzoxazole -2-yl - sulfanyl )-N-phenyl acetamide  complex.

Keywords: 2-(1,3-Benzoxazole-2-yl-sulfanyl)-N-phenyl acetamide(BSPA) complex, chemical kinetics, catalysis, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity.

Title: Antimicrobial and Chemical kinetic studies of Sm³⁺ rare metal Complex with Benzoxazol derivative

Author: Dr. H. D. Chaudhari, Dr. Haresh R. Patel

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 35-40

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Published Date: 09-November-2022

Abstract: The grouping of some rare metal ions with an significant 2-(1,3-benzoxazole -2-yl - sulfanyl )-N-phenyl acetamide (BSPA) ligand to form coordination compounds is an important area of present research. Less explored biologically important 2-(1,3-benzoxazole -2-yl - sulfanyl )-N-phenyl acetamide  ligand is allowed to react with solution of some rare metal perchlorates and attempt has been made to synthesize solid  2-(1,3-benzoxazole -2-yl- sulfanyl )-N-phenyl acetamide complexes. These 2-(1,3-benzoxazole-2-yl-sulfanyl )-N-phenyl acetamide  complex are subjected to U.V Visible Spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy, TGA Analysis, elemental analysis of these complex has been evaluated by standard methods and attempts have been made to correlate structural characteristics with properties of these 2-(1,3-benzoxazole -2-yl - sulfanyl )-N-phenyl acetamide  complex.

Keywords: Spectroscopic analysis, characterization, 2-(1,3-Benzoxazole-2-yl-sulfanyl)-N-phenyl acetamide(BSPA) complex.

Title: Characterization and bio-chemical synthesis of Gd³⁺rare metal Complex with benzoxazole derivative

Author: Dr. Haresh R.Patel, Dr. H. D. Chaudhari

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 27-34

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Published Date: 03-November-2022

Abstract: Comprehensive models of learning disorders have to consider both isolated learning disorders that affect one learning domain only, as well as comorbidity between learning disorders. However, empirical evidence on comorbidity rates including all three learning disorders as defined by DSM-V (deficits in reading, writing, and mathematics) is scarce. The current study assessed prevalence rates and gender ratios for isolated as well as comorbid learning disorders in a representative sample  50 childrens .A non-purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples. Self-structured questionnaires were used to collect demographic data. The study results show that Self- structured questionnaires were used to collect demographic data age (F=3.752, p=0.023) had statistically significant association with specific learning disorders among school going children at p<0.05 level.

Keywords: Prevalence, Specific Learning Disorder, Assess, Childrens.

Title: ASSESS THE PREVALENCE OF SPECIFIC LEARNING DISORDERS AMONG SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN AT SELECTED VILLAGE

Author: Angelin Lavanya S, Varalakshmi, Amisha B Thomas

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 22-26

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Published Date: 31-October-2022

Abstract: The present research aimed to study the histological effect of Ibuprofenol on the liver as well as its effect on body weight. Twenty-four (24) rats of average weight of about 150g-240g were used in this study. They were separated into four groups labeled A, B, C and D. group A served as the control consisting of four rats while group B, C, D and E served as the control. The test groups where further divided into B1, B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2. The control group A was fed grower’s mash and water while the test groups B, C and D were orally administered various doses of 0.18ml, 0.32ml and 0.4ml/kg body weight for three weeks (acute) and six weeks (chronic) respectively. The rats were sacrificed and liver harvested for histological investigation. The results of this study showed that weight of the animal decreases in a dose-dependent fashion when compared with the control group which on the other hand showed significant increase in weight. The histochemistry analysis revealed that the liver of test animal in both acute and chronic phase showed damages ranging from reduced hepatocyte population, nuclear vacuolation, parenchyma vacuolation, pyknotic nuclei and tissue crevices. Considering the observed effects of Ibuprofen on the histology of the liver, it is recommended that its administration should be strongly regulated as it may cause cellular injuries to the liver. Furthermore, there is need for further research in this domain.

Keywords: Ibuprofen Dosage, animal decreases, hepatocyte population, nuclear vacuolation, parenchyma vacuolation.

Title: THE HISTOLOGICAL EFFECT OF IBUPROFEN DOSAGE ON THE LIVER OF WISTAR RATS

Author: Uwuigbe Mathew, Ohiwerei Wisdom Omogbai, Ehiremen Samuel Ehimare

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 15-21

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Published Date: 27-October-2022

Abstract: Appropriate clinical care of hematologic malignancies depends on timely and accurate diagnosis. The category of cancers known as acute leukemias is diverse, with each disease having a unique clinical presentation, prognosis, and preferred course of therapy. The majority of morphologic and cytochemical characteristics were used in historical categorization systems, but currently, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular data are included to construct clinically useful diagnostic classifications. When combined with morphologic evaluation, multiparameter flow cytometry quickly and precisely determines antigen expression profiles in acute leukemias, which frequently supports a specific diagnosis or a limited differential. Because numerous recurrent molecular or cytogenetic abnormalities are linked to distinctive immunophenotypic characteristics, flow cytometry is a crucial tool for guiding additional testing.

Even within a single acute leukemia subtype, the identification of certain antigens may have prognostic or therapeutic significance. The immunophenotypic fingerprint of a leukemia after first diagnosis serves as a helpful guide to track treatment response, minimal residual disease, and recurrence.

Objective: To evaluate flowcytometry role in distinguishing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from ALL using CD markers.

Material and methods:  This is retrospective study conducted in King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh city, in the period between November to December 2019 on patients with acute leukemia diagnosis.

Conclusion: Accurate acute leukemia diagnosis and categorization depend on immunophenotypic analysis. Multiparameter flow cytometry offers a quick and efficient way to gather these data, as well as prognostic data and a technique for assessing minimal residual illness.

Keywords: Appropriate clinical care, accurate diagnosis, leukemias, cytochemical characteristics.

Title: Aberrant antigen expression in acute leukemia: A single center study in Saudi Arabia

Author: Yasir Awad Ahmed, Abdulrahman Abdulkhalig Alshamrani, ‏Abdullah Hussain saeed alomari, Ali Ahmed Yahya Motmy, Abdulrahman Saleh Suliman

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 8-14

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Published Date: 17-October-2022