Vol 13 Issue 1 April 2025-September 2025

Abstract: Africa possesses abundant natural resources and a youthful population juxtaposed against persistent poverty, weak institutions, and low global competitiveness (African Development Bank, 2022; World Bank, 2023). This study investigates Africa’s global economic prospects by examining GDP, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), trade flows, and the impact of COVID-19 across four Sub-Saharan African countries (Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, and Senegal) during 2018–2022. Using publicly available data from the World Bank (2023), IMF (2023), and UNCTAD (2022), the study employed descriptive and inferential analyses to test whether governance, legal uncertainty, corruption, and the COVID-19 pandemic significantly explain Africa's business challenges (Transparency International, 2023). The results indicate a significant association between governance factors and Africa's economic challenges while highlighting emerging opportunities post-pandemic (IMF, 2023; World Bank, 2023). The findings suggest that improving governance, infrastructure, and human capital while leveraging AfCFTA can position Africa more favourably in global economic discussions (Songwe, 2020; UNECA, 2021).

Keywords: Africa, global economy, COVID-19, FDI, governance, economic prospects, Sub-Saharan Africa.

Title: Africa in the Global Economy: Prospects, Challenges, and COVID-19 Impact (2018–2022)

Author: Ihejirika, Emmanuel

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 172-184

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 04-July-2025

Abstract: This study assesses the Effects of Treasury Single Account on Economic Growth in Nigeria. The research design adopted for this study is Ex post facto research design. The study relies mainly on secondary data gathered from various issues of statistical bulletin of the Central bank of Nigeria, the budget office of the federation (BOF) and Office of the Accountant General of the federation. The data consist of annual time series from 2015 to 2023. The study adopts totally collected federal oil revenue, totally collected federal non-oil revenue and federal government retained revenue as proxies for treasury single account and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a proxy for economic growth. The data collected were analyzed using Simple and Multiple regression analysis methods of Ordinary Least Square technique with the aid of SPSS. Test of statistical adequacy, such as the t-statistic, F-statistic, adjusted R-square, Durbin-Watson were executed to find the relative acceptability, significance of the variables and the dependability of model estimation factors. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypothesis. The study revealed that Treasury Single Account (TSA) have positive significant effect on gross domestic product (GDP) in Nigeria. The study concluded that there is significant effect of totally collected federal oil revenue on gross domestic product in Nigeria; that there is significant effect of totally collected federal non-oil revenue on gross domestic product in Nigeria and that there is significant effect of federal government retained revenue on gross domestic product in Nigeria. It was recommended that: the federal government should revitalize the moribund oil refineries in Nigeria; the federal government should open up other development sectors of the economy that can lead to economic growth and diversify its revenue sources by creating enabling economic and secured environment that will boost local industries and attract foreign direct investment which will also lead to economic growth.

Keywords: Treasury Single Account, Economic Growth.

Title: EFFECTS OF TREASURY SINGLE ACCOUNT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

Author: Ifeanyichukwu Arthur Onyiah, Dr Nnaemeka Thaddeus Ukwueze, Dr. Ogan, Rogers John, Okorie, Emmanuel Iloegbunam, Eze, Nnanyelugo Onyedikachi, Odimba, Daniel Maduabuchi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 159-171

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 27-June-2025

Abstract: Ensuring data integrity in decentralized financial systems is a critical challenge due to the distributed nature of data sources, transaction complexities, and the absence of centralized oversight. This review explores a model that leverages blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) to achieve auditable, automated reconciliation and strengthen data integrity across decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystems. By harnessing blockchain’s immutable ledger and consensus protocols, the model ensures tamper-proof transaction records, while AI enhances real-time anomaly detection, predictive reconciliation, and process automation. The review critically analyzes current methodologies, identifies gaps in traditional reconciliation approaches, and presents a framework where smart contracts, AI-driven analytics, and decentralized oracles work synergistically to ensure transparent, verifiable, and efficient financial operations. Furthermore, it evaluates the implications for regulatory compliance, scalability, and system resilience. The proposed model represents a significant advancement toward self-reconciling systems that enhance trust, reduce operational costs, and improve decision-making in DeFi infrastructures.

Keywords: Decentralized Finance (DeFi), Blockchain Technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Data Integrity, Smart Contracts, Cost-Benefit Analysis.

Title: Data Integrity in Decentralized Financial Systems: A Model for Auditable, Automated Reconciliation Using Blockchain and AI.

Author: Esther Alaka, Kehinde Abiodun, Shereef Olayinka Jinadu, Emmanuel Igba, Vera Nwakaego Ezeh

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 136-158

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 27-June-2025

Abstract: This research aims to: (1) Identify the impact of climate change on the economic activities of fishermen in Labuhan Haji District, East Lombok Regency; and (2) to identify the economic adaptation strategies used by fishermen in response to climate change in Labuhan Haji District, East Lombok Regency. A descriptive method was applied, with Labuhan Haji District selected purposively due to its vulnerability to climate hazards, such as increasingly frequent tidal flooding and extreme sea conditions. The study focused on three coastal villages: Labuhan Haji, Kerta Sari, and Surya Wangi. A total of 35 respondents were selected using proportional sampling, comprising 14 fishermen from fishing groups and 21 independent fishermen.The findings reveal that climate change has significantly reduced fishing frequency and catch volumes, thereby decreasing fishermen’s income. In response, fishermen employed several adaptation strategies: (1) active strategies, including livelihood diversification beyond the fisheries sector; (2) passive strategies, such as reducing household consumption; and (3) network based strategies, including fishing gear diversification, expanding market access, and obtaining financial support through informal or formal lending.

Keywords: Fishermen, Economic Adaptation, Impact of Climate Change.

Title: Economic Adaptation of Fishermen to Climate Change Impacts in Labuhan Haji District, East Lombok Regency, Indonesia

Author: Mita Setiawati, Arifuddin Sahidu, Agus Purbathin Hadi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 129-135

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 25-June-2025

Abstract: The effectiveness of Human Capital Management (HCM) practices is crucial in fostering employee commitment in telecommunication companies. This study examines the influence of HCM practices on employee commitment in a leading telecommunication company in Nairobi County, Kenya. The research adopts a cross sectional analytical survey design that utilizes both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect and analyze data. A structured questionnaire was administered to the sample of the population distributed across various departments. The findings reveal that HCM practices, including recruitment and selection, performance management and training and development, significantly affect employee commitment, where training and development have a highest impact. The study also employs ANOVA to assess variations in HCM practices, the analysis of variance (ANOVA), verified that the regression model was statistically significant, F (3, 156) = 14.668, p < 0.001. Recommendations include improving professional development programs, providing open performance reviews, and fostering a pleasant work culture to cultivate a motivated and resilient staff.

Keywords: Human Capital Management, Employee Commitment, Training and Development, Recruitment and Selection.

Title: HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT IN A LEADING TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Edith Kemunto Nyaberi, Dr. Rosemarie Wairimu Wanyoike

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 121-128

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 23-June-2025

Abstract: The study sought to examine the effect of economic environment factors on the performance of Nairobi County’s small and medium enterprises in Kenya. Open system theory and balanced scorecard theory served as the study's foundations. Descriptive design was used. Targeted population constituted five hundred and thirty-two (532) of these businesses in Nairobi County, Kenya. A sample size of one hundred and fifty (150) firms was chosen utilizing stratified simple random sampling techniques, with the owners or managers acting as the participants in the survey. Information from primary and secondary sources was used. Structured, closed-ended surveys were the main tool used to gather data; a document review guide was utilized to get secondary information from these businesses' financial records between 2018 and 2023. The study instrument's validity and dependability was examined. To examine the data, both descriptive and inferential statistics was utilized. The researcher utilized a panel regression analysis. Autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity and normality assessment were performed as tests for diagnostic. All ethical considerations were duly followed. Finding demonstrated that taxation possess an inverse and insignificant effect on the enterprises financial performance; inflation revealed a significantly positive effect on the enterprises financial performance; government laws and policy demonstrated also significant positive effect on the enterprises financial performance; Furthermore, government activity disclosed an insignificant but positive effect on the financial performance of these enterprises.

Keywords: Macroeconomic Environment, Financial Performance, Small and Medium Enterprises.

Title: MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Abuswaleh Abdi Guyo, Nathan M. Mutwiri

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 106-120

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 03-June-2025

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to assess the influence of Information and communication technologies (ICT) on the performance of Agricultural projects in Rwanda, specifically in Imbaraga Farmers Voice Project (IFVP). This study was guided by the following specific objectives:  to determine the contribution of ICT on timeliness in IFVP, to assess the effect of ICT on cost performance in IFVP, and to analyze the influence of types of information and services on agricultural productivity in IFVP. This Study is supported by the Management Theory of project Management, the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, and the Technology Acceptance Model. This research is descriptive research design, and the study population comprised 135 stakeholders of IFVP/Burera Antenna. Using simple random sampling technique, a sample size of 101 respondents was established through calculations carried out using Slovin formula. The researcher used primary data in this study.  A closed end questionnaire was utilized. Correlation analysis was utilized to assess the relationship between the variables, while multiple regression was used to test hypotheses. To compute and analyze the data in this study, available statistical product for service solution (SPSS 27) was used. The results of correlation analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between ICT and Timeliness is strong positive and significant (r=0.975 and sig=0.000<0.01) level of significance, between ICT and Cost performance is strong positive and significant (r=0.950 and sig=0.000<0.01) level of significance, between ICT and Agricultural productivity is strong positive and significant (r= 0.993 and sig=0.00<0.01) level of significance. Model 1 showed that predictors of ICT (ICT Tools, System quality, and Types of information and services) jointly accounted for 96.5% of the timeliness in IFVP. Model 2 showed that predictors of ICT (ICT Tools, System quality, and Types of information and services) jointly accounted for 95.1% of the cost performance in IFVP. Model 3 indicate that the predictors of ICT (ICT Tools, System quality, and Types of information and services) jointly accounted for 99.3% of the Agricultural productivity in IFVP. On the basis of findings from the ANOVA, the study concluded that there were significant and positive effects between ICT and project performance of IFVP, and all null hypotheses were rejected at 5% level of significance. Some weaknesses were found and the study recommends investing in network infrastructure, partnering with telecommunications companies, and deploying advanced technologies for rural areas. It also suggests creating digital platforms for agricultural financing, developing mobile banking applications, and promoting ICT-based solutions for farmers.

Keywords: Information and Communication Technologies, Agricultural Projects, Imbaraga Farmers’ Voice Project, Rwanda.

Title: Influence of Information and Communication Technologies on The Performance of Agricultural Projects in Rwanda: The Case Study of Imbaraga Farmers’ Voice Project

Author: Karigirwa Ines, Dr. Gitahi Njenga

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 91-105

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 02-June-2025

Abstract: Against the backdrop of globalization, English teaching in higher vocational colleges needs to enhance students’ English application abilities to meet social demands. The Spoken English Competition for Higher Vocational Colleges has evolved with a rigorous competition system and diverse question types, aiming to improve students’ English application capabilities and promote teaching reforms. Current challenges in higher vocational English teaching include traditional teaching concepts, curriculum content disjointed from vocational needs, uneven student proficiency levels, and single-dimensional evaluation systems. The competition has driven a shift toward “student-centered” teaching concepts, optimized teaching designs, updated teaching content, and promoted diversified teaching evaluations. Based on the competition, higher vocational English teaching should adopt vocational competency-oriented curriculum design, apply diverse teaching methods, leverage online resources and modern educational technologies, and build a diversified teaching evaluation system. Future reforms in higher vocational English teaching must deepen, using the competition to further optimize instruction and cultivate high-quality skilled talents adaptable to social development.

Keywords: Higher Vocational Colleges; Spoken English Competition; English Teaching; Vocational Competence; Teaching Evaluation.

Title: Innovation and Enlightenment of Spoken English Competition for English Teaching in China’s Higher Vocational Colleges

Author: Zhiyong Long

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 85-90

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 01-June-2025

Abstract: Employees commitment on performance has over the years become a very crucial part of Human Resource Management in organizations and its benefits all over the world cannot be over emphasized. The willingness of employees to work determines whether the organization will achieve the stated objectives or not. It involves getting constant feedback on how the employees are working, the employees having the necessary skills and competencies such as communication skills, interpersonal skills, professional skills and ability to scan the surrounding environment to give the organization competitive advantage as well as having clearly defined responsibilities. The main objective the study focused on finding out the relationship between employees commitment and performance of Technical Training Institutes in Meru County. This study was carried out in the four technical training institutes in Meru County. All the management employees of the technical training institutes were used as the respondents. There were 74 respondents’ management staff from the 4 technical training institutes in Meru County. It was found that employees do not receive constant feedback on their areas of improvement from their supervisors, there was lack of career planning in most institutions. This is a common problem experienced by majority of the people appointed to positions and are not committed to the work, since their career path is not clear while majority of the teachers had furthered their studies which positively improved their performances. The study recommends that technical institutes’ management should conduct seminars and training to the members of staff in order to enhance employees’ commitment and improve their organization performance.

Keywords: employee commitment, performance of Technical Training Institutes.

Title: THE INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEES COMMITMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTES IN MERU COUNTY

Author: Fridah Ngugi Gichuru, Lucy Kagwiria Mwirigi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 75-84

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 22-May-2025

Abstract: This paper presents a systematic review of generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications in fixed income markets, synthesizing insights from key studies published mostly between 2024 and 2025. The analysis spans the latest developments in AI-driven analytics, trading strategies, risk management techniques, and the evolution of investment approaches within this crucial sector of finance. The review covers advancements in interest rate yield curve modeling, algorithmic trading, credit and liquidity risk assessment, and structured product valuation. Special attention is given to the emergence of large language models (LLMs), such as BondGPT and ChatGPT, and their integration into bond analytics, scenario generation, and regulatory workflows. These technologies are shown to enhance efficiency in bond analytics, trade documentation, liquidity analysis, and credit research, while also introducing new challenges related to model risk, data integrity, and compliance. Our findings highlight three core areas of innovation: (1) improved forecasting accuracy in interest rate models using hybrid AI architectures, (2) proposals for enhanced efficiency and automation in asset-backed securities (ABS) and mortgage-backed securities (MBS) pricing, and (3) explainable AI frameworks for compliance in risk-sensitive environments. Despite notable efficiency gains—ranging from 22% to 40% across key market functions—challenges persist around interpretability, data quality, and regulatory acceptance. Here, AI-driven valuation frameworks, scenario generation, and risk modeling innovations are accelerating the analysis and management of complex securities. Both the theoretical progress and practical impact of these models are explored in the paper, showing their abilities in explaining market patterns and their difficulties in meeting regulations. The study combines perspectives from academia, regulators and industry players to fully assess how AI is impacting the world of fixed income and offers suggestions for future improvements and best approaches.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Fixed Income, Generative AI, Machine Learning, Financial Markets, Bond Analytics, Risk Management, Algorithmic Trading.

Title: Review of Gen AI in Fixed Income Markets: Trading, Modeling and Risk Management

Author: Satyadhar Joshi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 63-74

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 19-May-2025

Abstract: The objectives of this study are to: (1) determine appropriate strategies for strawberry agritourism in Sembalun District, East Lombok Regency; and (2) establish priority strategies for the development of strawberry agritourism in Sembalun District, East Lombok Regency. The respondents of this study consisted of 29 individuals selected through purposive sampling across five villages, along with six key informants comprising experts in relevant fields. Data were analyzed by SWOT and QSPM analyses.  The analysis results revealed that: (1) The suitable development strategy for strawberry agritourism in Sembalun District is a growth-oriented strategy (aggressive strategy). The S-O (Strengths-Opportunities) strategy consists of four alternative strategies. (2) The top-priority strategy for developing strawberry agritourism in Sembalun District is to develop an integrated agritourism concept by incorporating various activities and additional facilities to attract more visitors and extend their length of stay. The novelty of this study lies in the key internal and external factors influencing the development of strawberry agrotourism in Sembalun, with a particular emphasis on the importance of implementing an integrated agrotourism concept. Additionally, this study employs SWOT and QSPM analyses, which have proven to be effective tools in formulating and determining appropriate development strategies.

Keywords: Agritourism, Strawberry, SWOT Analysis, QSPM Priority.

Title: DEVELOPING STRATEGIES FOR STRAWBERRY AGROTOURISM IN SEMBALUN DISTRICT, EAST LOMBOK, INDONESIA

Author: Fadila Listia Riyanti, Taslim Sjah, Edy Fernandez

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 54-62

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 16-May-2025

Abstract: This research aims to identify the strategic internal and external factors influencing household food security in food-insecure areas and to select appropriate strategies to enhance household food security in these regions on Lombok Island. A qualitative method with a descriptive approach was employed. The research locations were purposively selected in four food-insecure sub-districts: Sekotong. Praya Barat Daya. Sambelia. and Bayan. Respondents consisted of 45 food-farming households. along with key informants from relevant government agencies and institutions. Data collection techniques included interviews. observation. and documentation. while data analysis was conducted using the IFE Matrix. EFE Matrix. SWOT Analysis. and the QSPM Matrix. The findings indicate that internal factors of household food security include five strengths and five weaknesses. while external factors comprise seven opportunities and four threats. The recommended priority strategy is to optimize access to agricultural technology through agricultural training programs and technology development. which received the highest Total Attractive Score (TAS) of 7.866.

Keywords: Food Security. Technology. Lombok Island. SWOT Strategy. QSPM Priorities.

Title: Strengthening Agricultural Cultivation Technology to Increase Food Security for Farmer Households in Food-Vulnerable Areas

Author: Wiwin Akarena Triyani, Tajidan Tajidan, Dwi Praptomo Sudjatmiko

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 45-53

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 12-May-2025

Abstract: Green investments play a crucial role in shaping India’s economic growth (EG) and energy security (ES). As the country transitions toward a low-carbon economy, and investments in renewable energy (RE), sustainable infrastructure, along with green technologies have become critical drivers of sustainable development. This review paper explores the impact of green investments on India's economic growth and ES by synthesizing academic literature, government (govt.) reports, and empirical studies. The findings highlight the role of RE in dropping dependence on fossil fuels (FFs), fashioning employment opportunities, and fostering economic resilience. The study also discusses policy frameworks, financial mechanisms, and challenges in scaling up green investments.

Keywords: Green Investments, Economic Growth, Energy Security, Renewable Energy, Sustainable Development.

Title: Examining the Impact of Green Investments on India's Economic Growth and Energy Security

Author: Pragnya Paramita Priyadarshinee

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 39-44

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 28-April-2025

Abstract: Brownfield projects, which involve expansion or modification of existing infrastructure or facilities, frequently suffer from cost overruns and schedule delays due to their inherent complexities and unique risks. Unlike greenfield projects, brownfield developments always face additional challenges, such as working within operational restrictions, adhering to governmental or regulatory requirements, managing unforeseen site conditions, and coordinating multiple stakeholders. These factors always cause financial instability, work delays, contractual disputes, and operational disruptions. This paper provides a detailed examination of the primary causes of cost overruns and schedule delays in brownfield projects. The root causes are categorized into financial, operational, regulatory, and managerial factors. Additionally, structured mitigation strategies are proposed, including cost estimation techniques, contingency planning, digital project tracking, regulatory engagement, and optimized procurement frameworks. By implementing the proposed mitigation strategies, project team, contractors, and stakeholders can enhance cost control, improve schedule adherence, and mitigate financial and operational risks.

Keywords: Brownfield projects, greenfield projects, work delays, contractual disputes, operational risks.

Title: Cost Overruns and Schedule Delays in Brownfield Projects: Root Causes and Mitigation Strategies

Author: Mohammad Alotibe

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 33-38

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 26-April-2025

Abstract: Food security is an important aspect of economic and social development in Indonesia (Fattah, 2006; Bukhtiarova, 2019). Mataram City faces challenges due to the conversion of agricultural land which has an impact on food production capacity (Sulityawati, 2014; Osly et al., 2020). The Sustainable Food Yard (P2L) Program is present as a solution by utilizing yard land to increase household food security and community empowerment (Rosyadi et al., 2022; Tama & Priyanti, 2022).

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the P2L program, identify obstacles in its implementation, and formulate strategies to optimize the sustainability of the program in Mataram City. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The research location was selected by purposive sampling, namely in Pagesangan Timur, Pejeruk Abian, and Karang Taliwang Villages. The research informants consisted of three key informants and 18 informants from each target group. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The research variables include the preparation stage, implementation, benefits, and program evaluation (Juknis P2L 2024).

The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the P2L Program in Mataram City has been running in accordance with the technical instructions set by the Ministry of Agriculture (2020). This program provides significant benefits for recipient groups in increasing access to fresh food, empowering household economies, and yard cultivation skills (Putri et al., 2021). However, there are several obstacles in its implementation, such as limited land, lack of ongoing technical assistance, and dependence on government assistance funds (Lidayya, 2016). Weather factors and pest attacks are also challenges that hinder yard productivity (Saputri, 2016). Based on these findings, it is recommended that local governments increase training for program participants, provide ongoing assistance, and encourage innovation in yard management to be more adaptive to environmental changes (Tama & Priyanti, 2022). In addition, there needs to be synergy with other empowerment programs to strengthen the sustainability of P2L in Mataram City (Mataram City Agriculture Service, 2023).

Keywords: Sustainable Food Yard, Program Implementation, Food Security, Mataram City.

Title: A STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE FOOD YARD PROGRAM (P2L) IN THE CITY OF MATARAM

Author: Vera Ulfaturrahmah, Arifuddin Sahidu, B.Yulfia Elsadewi Y.

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 28-32

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 10-April-2025

Amendment Date: 09-July-2025