Vol 5 Issue 2 October 2017-March 2018

Abstract: The adoption of International financial reporting standard (IFRS) around the world is occurring rapidly to bring about accounting quality and credibility improvement through a uniform set of standards for financial reporting. This study thus examines IFRS adoption:  a panacea for improving financial reporting credibility with particular reference to Niger Mills Plc Calabar. The study is hinge on the modernization theory which describes world changes as a progression through a series of relatively discrete development stages and the study employed the survey design for the primary data and the expo facto design for the secondary data where questionnaires were administered to a sample size of forty (40) randomly selected respondent from the entire staff of Niger Mills Plc and 2012-2015 financial statement analyzed. The data collected were tabulated, analyzed using IBM SPSS 20 and formulated hypotheses tested using regression model revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between International financial reporting standard (IFRS) adoption and firms financial reporting quality and credibility and cost implication of IFRS adoption affects the Financial reporting credibility of manufacturing firms. From the findings it was recommended among others that companies should endeavour to use the opportunity presented by the adoption of International financial reporting standard (IFRS) to improve their business process and procedures.

Keywords: IFRS, Financial Report, Credibility, Panacea.

Title: IFRS ADOPTION: A PANACEA FOR IMPROVING FINANCIAL REPORTING CREDIBILITY

Author: Eleng, D. Mbotor, Bassey, E. Ude

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: To perform with the today’s vibrant environment specialized and competent personnel are required for each association. The workforce must to be educated and the progress of a worker to be extremely expert is important. For the purpose of research two banks are selected “Prime Bank Limited” and “Dutch Bangla Bank Limited”. The study is focused on the Training & Development (T & D) and Organizational Performance for the banking sector in Bangladesh. Banking sector is selected as envoy due to its sponsorship role in the economy of a country. It is the most decisive for service business to keep their employees’ knowledge and capability up to the blotch because of the international infiltration happening in services. Employees were given a prepared questionnaire. Sample size was 100. This gives the study a quantitative and practical track for outcome. Major result was that most of the employees approved that T & D had an affirmative impact on the organizational performance in the banking sector of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Training & development, Design of training, On the job training, Organizational performance.

Title: The Impact of Training and Development on Organizational Performance in Banking Sector of Bangladesh

Author: Ms. Nusrat Khurshid

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The implementation of waste management project has become a problem in Mombasa County. Available information indicate that implementation of projects has been an uphill task, thus the devolution of implementation of projects by the County government. The purpose of the study was to determine factors that influence the implementation of waste management projects in Mombasa County. The results of the study will help the project implementers to learn from the results and help develop knowledge of what will help in future implementation of waste management projects.  Factors that were considered under the study included how feasibility study influences implementation waste management projects. This helped the researcher to know whether stalling, incompletion and un-utilization of waste management project is linked to lack of feasibility study and whether it ascertains project viability and sustainability. Community participation enabled the researcher determine whether there is community involvement in identifying projects that meet their needs. Environmental education was also another variable that was examined. It was to ascertain whether EE to the community is necessary in the implementation of waste management projects. Availability of finance as a factor influencing implementation of waste management projects was also considered. The study used descriptive survey by administering questionnaires which were quick, convenient and cost effective. The data was tested and retested to promote reliability and validity and by working with the relevant professionals of waste management projects and through the guidance of my supervisor. The data was collected from the respondent which was analysed and presented in tables, percentages and statistical figures of central measures of tendency.   The findings revealed that, concerning the feasibility study majority of respondents indicated that there is significance influence in implementation of waste management projects. Majority of respondents agreed that there is awareness of solid waste management policies on the community. There was a fair response on level of awareness on conservation on the environment. Majority indicated that source of financing influence implementation of waste management and more so the mode of solid waste management financing. The summary of the test statistic of the feasibility study chi square value is given as X2 (2) = 11.189, p< 0.05. For the community participation chi square value is given as X2 (2) = 14.036, p< 0.05.For the environmental education chi square value is given as X2 (2) = 9.203, p< 0.05. Availability of finance chi square value is given as X2 (2) = 16.995, p< 0.05. This indicated that there was significant relationship among the independent variables and the dependent variable. 

Keywords: waste management projects, feasibility study, community participation, environmental education and Availability of finance.

Title: Factors Influencing the Implementation of Waste Management Projects in Mombasa County, Kenya

Author: MARY KAWIRA KITHINJI, DR. NDUNGE KYALO

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Financial inclusion is the process of expanding access to financial services to those currently not accessing them which is an important objective in many developing countries. This study represents an investigation into financial inclusion innovations adopted by commercial banks in Kenya. The study majored on use of technology such as Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs), mobile phone banking internet banking and agency banking and its impact on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya and how these inclusion innovations have moved us closer to branchless banking. The study was based on the fact that there is ground to cover in expanding access to financial services, given that about 25% of the population remains totally excluded and Financial services touch points are located away from areas of high poverty levels, with 69% of all financial access touch points being located in areas with the least likelihood of poverty. The threat posed by cybercrime to individuals, banks and other online financial service providers is real and serious hence the need for the study. The target population of the study was 42 commercial banks licensed in Kenya by 2010. The study used time series data from central bank of Kenya (CBK) and Kenya bankers’ association (KBA) annual bank supervisory reports (2010-2016). Through multiple regressions and correlation analysis the study found out that there is a strong positive relationship between financial inclusion strategies and financial performance. Based on these results, the study recommends that financial inclusion innovations should be emphasized in the financial sector through regulatory and advisory bodies since it leads to improved financial efficiency. In addition, the study also recommends that financial institutions to embrace agency, internet banking and ATM banking to include the excluded people in financial services and products throughout the country since they proved significant  in influencing financial performance. The study recommends further research on financial inclusion on microfinance institutions in Kenya and their impact on micro and small business organizations.

Keywords: Innovation, Performance, Financial Inclusion, Commercial Banks.

Title: Financial Inclusion Innovations and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya

Author: Nzyuko Joseph Mutinda, Dr. Jagongo, Husborn Kenyanya

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The chief goal of this research was to explore the effects of supplier quality management practices of management of energy sector firm performance in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to 1) Evaluate the influence of supplier quality improvement practices (SQIP) on the performance of the energy sector firms in Kenya (2) Determine the influence of supplier trust-based relationship practices (STBRP) on the performance of the energy sector firms in Kenya (3) assess the influence of supplier lead time reduction management practices (SLTRMP) on the performance of the energy sector firms in Kenya. The research employed a cross-sectional evaluation survey approach and quantitative method was used in the selection of the respondents and collection of data. A sample size of 264 respondents was picked through stratified random sampling. Primary data was collected by use of questionnaires which were administered through the drop and pick method. Linear regression analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were run to determine the relationship between supplier relationship management practices and performance of energy sector firms in Kenya. Based on the objectives and results of the study, improvement of performance of energy sector firms is a function of supplier quality improvement practices, supplier trust-based relationship practices and supplier lead time reduction management practices.

Keywords: Supplier Quality Improvement Practices, Supplier Relationship Management, Energy Sector Firm Performance, Supplier Trust-Based Relationship Practices, Supplier Lead Time Reduction.

Title: Effect of Supplier Quality Improvement Practices on Supplier Relationship Management of Energy Sector Firm Performance in Kenya

Author: Gabriel Wabuti Lubale, Prof. Gregory, S. Namusonge, Prof. Maurice, M. Sakwa

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This study investigated the effect of Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on product innovativeness in manufacturing SMEs. Using a cross sectional survey design with a sample size of 196, a standard multiple linear regression (MLR) was performed between product innovativeness as the dependent variable and proactiveness and risk-taking dimensions of EO, as independent variables. The results indicate that the predictors explained 22.9% of the variance (R2=.241, Adj R2 =0. 229), F (2,123) = 19.565, t = p < 0.01. Proactiveness (B = .368, t =2.934, p < .004 and risk taking (B = .221, t = 3.272, p = .001) positively and significantly contributed to predicting product innovativeness.  It is concluded that proactiveness enhances SMEs’ potential to introduce new products featuring more differentiated characteristics for the market. Similarly, risk-taking enables SMEs to deliver new products of higher uniqueness that enables them surmount fierce competition. The researcher  recommend that SME owner-managers should be proactive in seeking new product ideas and customer product information that will in turn enable them generate ideas on designing and manufacturing innovative products.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), Product Innovativeness, Performance, Small and Medium Enterprise (SME).

Title: Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on SMEs Product Innovativeness

Author: Gudda Patrick

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The Kenya 2030 vision for financial services aims at creating a vibrant and globally competitive financial sector that will create jobs and promote high levels of savings to finance the country’s overall investment needs. Electronic banking has influenced the provision of financial services in the world. It has enabled faster and efficient provision of financial services. Even though it has many advantages, electronic banking has its share of challenges such as security of accounts, access to the internet, technological failure, financial and technological literacy and regulatory challenges. This paper presents the background knowledge about electronic banking and accessibility of financial services by commercial banks. It then discusses the problem statement which includes the challenges faced by commercial banks in provision of financial services using electronic banking in Kenya. The paper progresses to review the theoretical and empirical literature in support of the title. It concludes by presenting findings of a benchmark case study done in Ghana on the effects of electronic banking on financial services and similar studies which are related to this study under findings and conclusion. Subsequently the paper provides insight for further research to be carried out under this area through providing a platform to research under conclusion and recommendations.

Keywords: Electronic Banking, Financial Services, Commercial Banks and Technology.

Title: Electronic Banking and Accessibility of Financial Services in Commercial Banks: Theoretical and Empirical Literature Review

Author: Joseph Muthee Gichuki, Dr. Ambrose Jagongo

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations, 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The study sought to establish the effect electronic communication has organisation performance. The findings of this study were useful to the management of WVK by providing highlights on how virtual operations have impacted organization performance. On one hand, the findings of the study have contributed to the body of knowledge in place in the field of virtual operations. Small medium enterprises can also make use of the study findings to improve their performance by reducing the number of physical locations and employees through virtual operations. The study focused on the resource based theory, dynamic capability theory, knowledge based view theory and complexity theory. The study adopted descriptive research design. The target population included 10 field offices with 258 employees in World Vision Kenya in selected counties. Stratified sampling technique was used to select respondents. 10 respondents were selected from each stratum with the focus being 10 counties. Closed ended questionnaires were used for data collection from the respondents. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics; measures of central tendency and measures of variability and inferential statistics which were conducted sing Pearson correlation and multiple regression models. The study concluded that virtual operations improve organizational performance especially in this era of technology advancement and cut throat competition in all sectors. Virtual operations impact business processes which in turn affect funding. Virtual operations improves efficiency ratio that is administration versus direct project cost, speed of implementation, lead time and operational costs. The researcher recommends that organisations should adopt virtual operations to leverage on the changing NGO world.

Keywords: Electronic Communication, Virtual Operation, Organization, Performance.

Title: Effect of Electronic Communication on Organisational Performance of World Vision Kenya in Selected Counties

Author: Doris Pendo Soka, Dr. Linda Kimencu

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Inefficiencies in development expenditure have led to increased calls for more governance in Kenya. The quality of governance, more so good governance, has been fronted as a prerequisite for economic growth, hence its inclusion as a key influencing factor in the efficient management of development expenditures. This paper offers a background on good governance, public expenditure and economic performance. It also provides a theoretical and empirical overview on the relationship between good governance on development expenditures in Kenya by reviewing other literature on the topic. This paper concludes that promoting good governance in Kenya is significant in improving efficiency in development expenditures leading to economic growth. Also, the paper creates a platform where further insight can be provided through empirical research.

Keywords: Governance, development, growth-enhancing, expenditure, economic growth, good governance.

Title: Good Governance, Development Expenditure and Economic Growth: Theoretical Review

Author: John Mbatiah, Ambrose Jagongo

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This study aimed to describe the existing and preferred organizational culture of Wesleyan University-Philippines based on the four distinct types of culture in organizations as to Clan, Adhocracy, Market and Hierarchy in terms of the 5 dimensions namely dominant characteristics, organizational leadership, management of employees, organizational glue and strategic emphasis. The researchers utilized the descriptive research design and the 197 respondents of the study who were chosen purposively were the heads, faculty (tenured & non-tenured), staff and student leaders. The study found out that in terms of: 1).Dominant Characteristics, the existing culture as observed by all respondents was clan. It was also the preferred culture by faculty and student leaders. However, market culture was preferred by heads and staff; 2).Organizational Leadership, the existing culture as observed by most of the respondents was clan and it was also the preferred culture of tenured faculty, staff and student leaders while hierarchy was preferred by heads and non-tenured faculty; 3).Management of Employees, the culture that is existing and also the preferred culture by most of the respondents was clan; 4).Organizational Glue, the heads, non-tenured faculty and student leaders observed that hierarchy was the existing culture while for tenured faculty and staff it was clan. Majority of the respondents want a clan culture in the organizational glue; and 5).Strategic Emphases, the existing organizational culture as observed by heads and staff was hierarchy, clan for faculty and market for student leaders while clan was preferred by non-tenured faculty, staff and student leaders, hierarchy for heads and adhocracy for tenured faculty.

Keywords: Organizational Culture, Preferred, Existing, Clan, Adhocracy, Market, Hierarchy.

Title: Existing and Preferred Organizational Culture at Wesleyan University – Philippines

Author: Gener S.Subia, Erlinda C. Mones, Apolinar A.Alfonso

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: In order to grow entrepreneurship among specific groups and sectors, a Government can provide an Entrepreneurship Fund incentive. The success or failure of such a fund is critical to the attainment of the envisioned goals by the Government. In case of failure the reputation and financial outcomes of both the entrepreneur and the Government will impaired. This study has used a census to collect data using a survey questionnaire generated in Survey Monkey and emailed to 65 entrepreneurs funded by the ICT Authority of Kenya to run digital villages (Pasha Centers) between year 2011 and 2016. The completed questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics on SPSS for the effect of entrepreneur’s characteristics, loan product characteristics, the business characteristics, and business development services provided to the beneficiary entrepreneurs; against the financed business performance. The research also reviewed the intervening factor of the external environment where these Pasha Centers operated. The research objectives were derived from the selection factors used by the ICT Authority in identifying the qualified entrepreneurs; as well as the service level agreement (SLA) adopted for supporting the Pasha centers. Data was collected through email questionnaires consisting of both close ended and open ended questions. The findings of this study are supposed to inform the Government of Kenya on what factors resulted in the success or failure of the Pasha Centers. The research found that all the independent variables, except business characteristics were significant critical success factors for funded business performance (p<0.05). Their coefficients were as follows: Entrepreneur’s characteristics β1=0.286, Loan Characteristics β2=0.517, and Business Development Services β3=0.790.  This new knowledge will help guide the Government on what critical success factors to consider in selection and implementation of public financed entrepreneurship. Therefore policy makers will be able to develop improved support framework for implementing successful Government interventions for catalyzing and spurring entrepreneurial development leveraged on Public Financing. It will also inform the affected entrepreneurs on the factors that resulted in the outcomes of their Pasha centers. Further, it will help in theory development for researchers to develop an improved framework for evaluating designs of public financed entrepreneurship.

Keywords: public financed entrepreneurship, entrepreneur, critical success factors.

Title: Critical Success Factors for Public Financed Entrepreneurship Projects: A Survey of ICT Authority of Kenya Pasha Project

Author: Geoffrey Gitau Kamau

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effects of foreign ownership on firm’s financial performance of listed firms. The study findings indicated correlation co-efficient of 0.683, implying a positive relationship between foreign ownership and financial performance. This was evidenced by the p value of 0.000 which is less than that of critical value (0.05). The study concluded that there was a significant positive relationship between foreign ownership and firm’s financial performance.

Keywords: Foreign Ownership, Financial performance.

Title: Effect of Foreign Ownership on Financial Performance of Listed Firms in Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya

Author: Anthony Muema Musyimi, Dr. Jagogo

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This study examines the relationship between trading volume and stock returns at the NSE. The sample for the study comprises of all stocks in the NSE 20-share index traded at the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) from the year 2014-2017. There are two objectives of conducting the analysis; To determine the relationship between stock return and trading volume at the NSE and, To determine the relationship between stock returns and past prices at the NSE. The results showed that the NSE exhibits a weak form efficiency market as the current returns of stocks at the NSE are positively related to the lagged returns of the stocks. It concludes that the current returns of traded stocks are significantly affected by past prices and have a positive relationship with the lagged returns. Highly traded volumes (liquid) have high stock returns than the low traded volumes (illiquid) at the NSE.

Keywords: trading volume, stock returns, Nairobi Securities Exchange, Lagged returns.

Title: Relationship between Trading Volume and Stock Returns at the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE)

Author: MR. HUSBORN O. KENYANYA, MR. NZYUKO JOSEPH, MR.OMWANSA DAVID

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The main objective of this study was to establish the influence of geographical expansion strategy on the growth of East African Breweries Limited in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target respondents were 225 comprising of 4 managers and 221 employees. Stratified sampling was used whereby the population was grouped into four strata (Sales Department, Production Department, Marketing Department and Quality Assurance Department). A census of 4 managers was done and 140 employees were selected through simple random sampling to form a sample size of 144 respondents. Questionnaires and interviews were used as data collection instruments. The study established that geographical expansion strategy had a positive and significant effect on the growth of EABL. The study concluded that EABL recruit companies that help in advertising new segment of clients via geographical growth method. The study recommends that EABL need to bear in mind home market electricity through via strengthening their role within the domestic target marketplace. The company needs to understand their enterprise’ strengths and what makes it a success within the domestic market before going for a geographical enlargement method.

Keywords: Strategy, Geographical Expansion, Growth, Market Development.

Title: Influence of Geographical Expansion Strategy on the Growth of East African Breweries Limited in Nairobi County, Kenya

Author: Anthony Kingstone King’orhi Njari, Stephen M. A. Muathe

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: India has historically had close economic ties to the Saudi region along its eastern shores. India-Saudi Arabia relationship is growing stronger by the day as both realize the potential and importance of each other. Trade and commerce is the most important pillar of the India-Saudi Arabia relationship. Success of high volume of trade and commerce between India and Saudi Arabia revolves around a high degree of trade and economic complementarily as both caters to each other's economic demands. Saudi Arabia, with large hydrocarbon reserves are crucial for India's energy requirements while the region has been a good market for Indian products. It has grown stronger, attaining the level of a strategic partnership and incorporating more political and security content. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Riyadh in April 2016 further bolstered the bilateral trade relationship, laying the basis for deepening existing ties and broadening the parameters of cooperation. In this article we are discussing only regarding bilateral trade between India and Saudi Arabia.

Keywords: India, Saudi Arabia, Trade, Export, Import, Tariffs.

Title: The Bilateral Trade Relations between India and Saudi Arabia

Author: DR. SHEETAL VARSHNEY

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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