Vol 14 Issue 2 October 2026-March 2027

Abstract: Kibera has hosted community development projects (CDPs) run by non-governmental organisations, faith-based groups and government for decades, yet visible improvement in residents' living conditions has been slow, and weak monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is a frequently cited explanation. This study examined the effect of four M&E dynamics, namely capacity building, stakeholder involvement, planning and budgetary allocation, on the performance of community development projects in Kibera Sub-County, Nairobi, anchored on the resource-based view, stakeholder theory and dynamic capabilities theory. A descriptive design was adopted. A sample of 432 respondents, comprising 384 residents drawn by stratified random sampling across Kibera's wards and a census of the project, finance, procurement and human resource managers of the 12 ongoing projects, was surveyed, and 340 usable questionnaires were returned (78.7 per cent). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. The four dynamics jointly explained 71.4 per cent of the variance in project performance (F(4, 335) = 208.62, p < .001). M&E capacity building had the largest effect (B = 0.473, β = .421, p < .001), followed by M&E planning (β = .245) and stakeholder involvement (β = .239), while budgetary allocation was significant but contributed little independently (β = .070, p = .023). Capacity building was the least developed of the four practices, with only two-thirds of respondents agreeing that training is provided, so the practice with the largest effect is also the one with the most room for improvement. Projects were rated more successful at meeting deliverables than at improving beneficiaries' economic lives, which suggests that M&E in these projects tracks outputs more closely than outcomes. The study recommends that implementing organisations treat M&E training as a recurring investment, move stakeholder involvement beyond design into the routine use of community feedback, and tie M&E plans to outcome indicators as well as to deliverables.

Keywords: monitoring and evaluation; capacity building; stakeholder involvement; M&E planning; M&E budget; community development projects; informal settlements; Kenya.

Title: Monitoring and Evaluation Dynamics and the Performance of Community Development Projects in Kibera Sub-County, Kenya

Author: Mellen Wamboi Marende, David M. Nzuki

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 105-112

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 29-October-2026

Abstract: The 2026 US–Iran conflict raises basic questions about the legal limits on the use of force, the purpose and consequences of economic sanctions, the effectiveness of diplomatic negotiation and the distribution of power in the international system. This conceptual legal-policy review addresses these questions through the United Nations Charter, international humanitarian law, the law of the sea, the scholarly literature on sanctions, and regional diplomacy. It separates legal rules from the political arguments advanced by states and stresses that the lawfulness of any particular military operation turns on facts, evidence and applicable law that public reporting alone cannot settle. Relevant jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice, including the Oil Platforms case between Iran and the United States, is used to frame the analysis of self-defence. The paper also considers the economic and humanitarian effects of sanctions, including the risk that broad restrictions harm civilian welfare and third-country commerce through over-compliance. Drawing on research into the durability of ceasefires, the paper argues that diplomatic arrangements are more likely to last when they contain verifiable commitments, reciprocal incentives, clear sequencing, maritime confidence-building measures and credible channels for resolving disputes. It proposes a seven-part framework for evaluating a durable settlement that integrates legal clarity, reciprocity, verification, humanitarian safeguards and regional participation. The review concludes that international legitimacy and strategic stability reinforce each other: coercive measures may generate leverage, but lasting security requires negotiated arrangements grounded in law and supported by institutions.

Keywords: US–Iran conflict; international law; UN Charter; use of force; economic sanctions; diplomacy; conflict resolution; global governance.

Title: The US–Iran Conflict: International Law, Economic Sanctions, Diplomatic Negotiations and the Transformation of Global Power

Author: Dr. Chong Kuan Git, Dr. P. Ravindran Pathmanathan, Dr. Venkatesh Karanam

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 98-104

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 22-October-2026

Amendment Date: 27-October-2026

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous delivery technologies are reshaping how e-hailing and food delivery platforms operate. Algorithms already match orders, allocate couriers, predict arrival times, adjust incentives and evaluate performance, and autonomous delivery robots are being tested for parts of the last mile. This paper asks whether these developments will eliminate the food delivery gig economy or reorganise the work that people perform within it. It is a qualitative narrative review of research and institutional publications from 2020 to 2026 covering algorithmic management, platform work in Asia and the Pacific, and autonomous delivery robotics. The review finds that automation can absorb some routine coordination and short, predictable deliveries, but wider adoption is held back by infrastructure, weather, traffic, regulation, food handling, security, public acceptance and the complexity of door-to-door handover. In the near term, AI is more likely to manage and intensify human work than to replace the delivery workforce. Three pathways are identified: augmentation, selective substitution and localised labour displacement. The central policy challenge is therefore not to halt innovation but to share its gains fairly through worker consultation, transparent algorithms, portable social protection and reskilling. The paper concludes that delivery work will change substantially, yet a fully workerless system is unlikely to become the norm in Southeast Asia by 2030.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; autonomous delivery robots; food delivery; e-hailing; gig economy; algorithmic management; Southeast Asia; platform work.

Title: The Future of E-Hailing and Food Delivery: Will AI and Robots Kill the Food Delivery Gig Economy?

Author: Dr. Chong Kuan Git, Dr. P. Ravindran Pathmanathan, Dr. Venkatesh Karanam

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 91-97

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 22-October-2026

Amendment Date: 27-October-2026

Abstract: Blockchain is no longer discussed only in connection with cryptocurrencies. Firms, public agencies and industry consortia now examine it as a way of recording, verifying and coordinating transactions that involve several independent parties. The managerial value of a blockchain, however, is not inherent in the technology. It depends on whether a shared ledger solves a real coordination problem, whether participants accept the rules that govern the network, and whether the expected gains outweigh the cost of building and running it. This conceptual review organises the topic around five linked dimensions: strategic fit, organisational and inter-organisational governance, operational applications, risk management, and implementation capability. Drawing on published reviews of blockchain applications, supply-chain integration, adoption barriers and sustainability, the paper explains how distributed ledgers and smart contracts can support traceability, common records, process automation and accountability. It also sets out the constraints that managers routinely underestimate, including the quality of data entering the ledger, scalability, privacy, interoperability, regulatory uncertainty, energy use, skills shortages and the uneven bargaining power of network members. The paper argues that blockchain should be managed as a socio-technical, ecosystem-level investment rather than as a self-contained information technology project. A six-stage adoption framework is proposed, moving from problem definition and suitability testing through consortium design, controlled piloting and selective scaling to continuous assurance. The review closes with a research agenda on realised value, consortium governance, adoption by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and the link between blockchain and sustainable business performance.

Keywords: Blockchain management; distributed ledger technology; organisational governance; smart contracts; supply chain management; digital transformation; risk management; sustainability.

Title: Blockchain Management: Strategic Applications, Governance, Challenges and Future Directions

Author: Dr. Chong Kuan Git, Dr. P. Ravindran Pathmanathan, Dr. Venkatesh Karanam

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 83-90

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-October-2026

Amendment Date: 27-October-2026

Abstract: E-hailing platforms have changed the way passengers in Southeast Asia find, book and pay for a ride, and conventional taxi operators now compete against services that offer real-time tracking, upfront fares, cashless payment and two-way ratings. This paper examines where that competition leaves the traditional taxi and asks whether its future is one of resistance, replacement or adaptation. The study is a qualitative narrative review of peer-reviewed and institutional sources published between 2020 and 2026, with emphasis on Southeast Asian transport markets, platform governance and driver livelihoods. The evidence shows that platform entry has cut into the demand base of operators who stayed offline, most sharply where drivers lacked digital access, while also revealing uneven regulation, cost structures and bargaining power across the two business models. Passenger studies nonetheless indicate that taxis and e-hailing can coexist when each meets distinct needs. Conventional operators retain real advantages in regulated ranks, airport and hotel services, accessible vehicles, corporate accounts and locally trusted brands. The paper argues that a hybrid mobility market is a more credible outcome than the disappearance of the taxi. It proposes a four-part transition framework built on digital access, service differentiation, institutional cooperation and inclusive regulation, together with indicators for tracking progress. The paper adds a regional perspective to debates on platform competition and the future of urban passenger transport.

Keywords: Traditional taxis; e-hailing; ride-hailing; Southeast Asia; platform economy; urban mobility; digital transformation; transport regulation.

Title: From Taxi Stands to Smartphone Screens: The Future of Traditional Taxi Services in Southeast Asia’s E-Hailing Economy

Author: Dr. Chong Kuan Git, Dr. P. Ravindran Pathmanathan, Dr. Venkatesh Karanam

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 77-82

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-October-2026

Amendment Date: 27-October-2026

Abstract: Malaysia’s economy in 2026 combines resilient domestic demand, strong export-oriented manufacturing and rapid investment in digital infrastructure with continuing exposure to external shocks. Official data show that real gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 6.0% year-on-year in the second quarter of 2026, led by services, manufacturing, exports and investment, while headline inflation rose to 1.9% as fuel costs linked to the Middle East conflict fed through. The government’s fiscal planning for 2027 must balance household protection, energy security, development spending and medium-term fiscal consolidation. This conceptual review examines Malaysia’s economic transformation through five themes: the composition of growth, fiscal sustainability, productivity and wages, digital and high-value industries, and inclusive development. Drawing on research on the middle-income trap, foreign direct investment spillovers, subsidy targeting and global value chains, it argues that headline growth must be judged alongside productivity, real wage progression, regional opportunity, business dynamism and environmental sustainability. The paper proposes a seven-part policy framework that links investment attraction to domestic supplier development, skills formation, innovation diffusion, targeted social protection and transparent public finance. It also sets out research priorities on the quality of digital investment, the distribution of productivity gains and the long-term effects of subsidy and tax reform. The paper is a policy-oriented conceptual review and does not estimate original econometric relationships.

Keywords: Malaysia; economic transformation; fiscal reform; productivity; digital economy; semiconductors; inclusive growth; labour market.

Title: Malaysia’s Economic Transformation: Growth, Fiscal Reform, Digital Industries and Inclusive Prosperity

Author: Dr. Chong Kuan Git, Dr. P. Ravindran Pathmanathan, Dr. Venkatesh Karanam

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 71-76

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-October-2026

Amendment Date: 27-October-2026

Abstract: Entrepreneurship is widely promoted across Indonesian higher education as a response to graduate unemployment and a driver of economic development, yet the psychological and contextual pathways that lead a student toward entrepreneurial intention remain fragmented across separate strands of literature. This paper synthesises existing Indonesian and comparative research on entrepreneurial intention to build a multidimensional conceptual perspective. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) and complementary streams on entrepreneurship education, self-efficacy, individual dispositional traits, and institutional and social context, the paper argues that entrepreneurial intention among Indonesian students is better understood as the joint product of cognitive-attitudinal, dispositional, educational, and contextual dimensions rather than any single determinant. The paper reviews the mixed and sometimes contradictory findings reported across Indonesian campuses, proposes an integrative conceptual model, and offers testable propositions together with a proposed research design and implications for curriculum design, university policy, and future empirical research.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial Intention, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Entrepreneurship Education, Self-Efficacy, Indonesia, University Students.

Title: Understanding Entrepreneurial Intention among Indonesian University Students: A Multidimensional Perspective

Author: Dr. Geetha Govindan K Gopalakrishnan

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 65-70

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-October-2026

Abstract: Autonomous machinery — including self-driving field robots, harvesting arms, and sensor-guided input-application systems — is moving from research prototypes toward commercial deployment across global agriculture, including labour-intensive tree-crop plantations such as oil palm. This conceptual paper integrates engineering, technology-adoption, and strategic-management research to examine autonomous agriculture as an organisational and competitive transformation rather than merely a technical substitution for labour. Drawing on the dynamic capabilities framework and the Technology–Organisation–Environment (TOE) perspective, it develops a four-dimensional model encompassing operational and cost restructuring, workforce and labour-market repositioning, competitive and value-chain differentiation, and governance and risk exposure. The review indicates that value creation depends not only on technical maturity but also on sequencing, organisational reconfiguration, workforce trust, and complementary governance capabilities. Four testable propositions and a mixed-methods research design are advanced for future empirical investigation in Southeast Asian plantation firms, with particular reference to the Malaysian and Indonesian oil palm sector.

Keywords: autonomous agriculture; agricultural robotics; precision agriculture; plantation management; dynamic capabilities; technology adoption; oil palm.

Title: Autonomous Agriculture as Strategic Transformation: A Multidimensional Model for Plantation Firms

Author: Dr. Geetha Govindan K Gopalakrishnan

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 60-64

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-October-2026

Abstract: Crop diseases and pest infestations remain persistent threats to plantation productivity, with pests estimated to destroy up to 40% of global crop production and plant diseases and invasive insects imposing substantial economic losses worldwide (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO], 2019). Climate change is intensifying these risks by altering the geographic range, seasonality, and population dynamics of pathogens and pests (Gullino et al., 2021; Skendžić et al., 2021). This paper examines how artificial intelligence (AI) — including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), vision transformers (ViTs), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based multispectral and hyperspectral sensing, and Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled monitoring — can strengthen the early detection of biotic stress in plantation crops and thereby support plantation risk management. Drawing on recent peer-reviewed and industry literature, the paper synthesises evidence on detection performance, deployment modalities, and pathways for integration into enterprise risk-management systems. It proposes a conceptual framework in which AI-enabled early-warning systems operate as a continuous, spatially explicit risk-sensing layer linking agronomic observations with operational, financial, and insurance decision-making. AI can improve the timeliness, spatial precision, and consistency of surveillance; however, its risk-management value depends on field validation, representative training data, reliable infrastructure, affordable deployment, and appropriate governance. AI should therefore currently be positioned as decision support that augments, rather than replaces, agronomic expertise and ground-truthing.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; plant disease detection; pest infestation; precision agriculture; plantation risk management; machine learning; remote sensing.

Title: AI-Powered Early Detection of Crop Diseases and Pest Infestations: A New Paradigm for Plantation Risk Management

Author: Dr. Geetha Govindan K Gopalakrishnan

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 54-59

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-October-2026

Abstract: This conceptual paper examines how plantation firms can convert artificial intelligence (AI) from a technical tool into a durable source of strategic advantage. It integrates three literatures that are usually treated separately: precision-agriculture AI, autonomous agricultural systems, and the resource-based view (RBV) of organisational AI capability. The synthesis suggests an important sequencing effect: AI-enabled decision-making is likely to mature faster than autonomous physical execution, particularly in complex, biologically variable tree-crop environments such as oil palm. A three-layer model is proposed, linking intelligent decision-making, autonomous operations, and strategic competitive advantage, and clarifying the organisational conditions under which each layer translates into the next. Durable performance gains are argued to depend not on AI technology in isolation but on complementary resources — reliable data infrastructure, workforce AI literacy, organisational learning routines, and governance mechanisms for data security and system reliability. Four testable propositions and a survey-based, multi-firm research design, adapted from established organisational-capability instruments, are developed for empirical testing in plantation settings. The paper contributes by reframing the plantation-AI debate from a technology-adoption question into a capability-building question, and by identifying the organisational conditions under which AI and automation may become difficult-to-imitate sources of competitive advantage rather than commodity inputs available to any competitor with capital.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Plantation Management; Precision Agriculture; Autonomous Operations; Resource-Based View; AI Capability; Competitive Advantage.

Title: From Precision Agriculture to Competitive Advantage: A Three-Layer Framework for AI-Enabled Decision-Making, Autonomous Operations, and Strategic Advantage in Plantation Management

Author: Dr. Geetha Govindan K Gopalakrishnan

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 48-53

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-October-2026

Abstract: This study examined the relationship between strategic human resource onboarding and self-reported employee retention in three non-governmental organisations operating in correctional facilities in Rwanda. A cross-sectional convergent mixed-methods design combined a census attempt involving 110 employees with purposive interviews of 11 managerial informants. Ninety-nine complete employee questionnaires were analysed, representing a 90.0% response rate. Four onboarding dimensions were assessed: training and development, role clarity, organisational socialisation, and supervisor support. Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression were complemented by thematic analysis. Heteroscedasticity-consistent HC3 standard errors were used for coefficient inference. All four dimensions correlated positively with retention scores, with coefficients ranging from 0.474 to 0.699. The combined model explained 56.5% of score variation. Training and development (β = 0.376, p = 0.009) and supervisor support (β = 0.360, p = 0.036) retained significant positive adjusted associations; role clarity and organisational socialisation did not. Interviews highlighted practical readiness, clear responsibilities, belonging, and continuing supervisory guidance. The findings favour staged onboarding that combines correctional-context preparation with regular supervisor check-ins. Because retention was measured through intentions and attitudes, and the design was cross-sectional, the results establish associations rather than causal effects or verified reductions in turnover.

Keywords: Strategic onboarding, employee retention, training and development, role clarity, organisational socialisation, supervisor support, non-governmental organisations, Rwanda.

Title: Strategic Human Resource Onboarding and Employee Retention in NGOs Operating in Correctional Facilities in Rwanda

Author: MUZIMA Richard

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 42-47

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 08-October-2026

Abstract: With the ever-changing trend of e-commerce, consumer buying behaviour has been changing rapidly, and it is important to understand the factors influencing the consumer purchasing decision to cater to the new emerging urban market. Even after a high penetration rate in the internet, city consumers show some reluctance to buy items online because of lack of trust, risk and quality of service. In this study the determinants that affect the consumer's purchasing intention towards online buying in Bangalore city have been studied.

A quantitative research design was used to gather primary data from 412 online shoppers from Bangalore by using convenience sampling, using a structured questionnaire. The constructs from the TAM and other theories were considered as independent variables and the purchase intention of the online was used as the dependent variable in the proposed model: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, perceived risk, social influence and website quality.

For testing the measurement and structural models, partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used, which is implemented in the software SmartPLS. The results showed that all the independent variables, except for perceived risk, had a significant positive influence on purchase intention, with trust having the highest effect. The results indicated that all of the independent variables had a significant positive impact on purchase intention, except for the variable of perceived risk, which had a significant negative impact. The results for perceived ease of use and social influence were mixed and less significant.

The results highlight the importance of e-commerce sites focusing on building consumer trust with effective trust-building mechanisms, clear information about your product, and quality digital interfaces. The learnings created by these can be used to create a focused strategy to increase online retail adoption in the metropolitan markets in India like Bangalore.

Keywords: Online shopping; Purchase intention; Trust; Perceived risk; PLS-SEM.

Title: Determinants of Consumer Purchase Intention towards Online Shopping: An Empirical Study in Bangalore City

Author: Ramesh Babu N.R, Dr.G.Vadivalagan, Dr. Thanapackiam

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 33-41

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 07-October-2026

Abstract: This study examined the influence of Quality Management Systems (QMS) on the performance of the Production Defect Reduction Project (PDRP) at Ruliba Clays Ltd, Rwanda, focusing on process standardization, quality assurance procedures, and continuous improvement practices. Guided by Total Quality Management Theory, Deming’s 14-Point Management Theory, Lean Manufacturing Theory, and the Theory of Constraints, the study adopted a descriptive and analytical research design integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population comprised 160 operational, technical, and managerial staff, as well as selected customers, using a census sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observation checklists, document reviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26 through descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were examined thematically. The findings revealed that all three QMS components had statistically significant positive effects on PDRP performance. Process standardization was the strongest predictor (β = 0.301, p < 0.001), followed by quality assurance procedures (β = 0.256, p < 0.001) and continuous improvement practices (β = 0.214, p = 0.001). The regression model explained 66.4% of the variation in project performance (R² = 0.664) and was statistically significant (F = 40.89, p < 0.001). Furthermore, 87.7% of respondents agreed that standardized procedures improve production efficiency, while 85.9% reported that inspections enhance defect detection. Although 81.6% indicated that feedback mechanisms contribute to defect reduction, the consistent application of improvement systems remained an area for strengthening. The study concludes that effective integration of QMS practices enhances manufacturing efficiency, product consistency, and defect reduction. It recommends strengthening process standardization, quality assurance mechanisms, and continuous improvement initiatives to support operational performance, competitiveness, and sustainability in Rwanda’s manufacturing sector.

Keywords: Quality Management Systems, Performance, Production Defect, Reduction Project, Ruliba Clays.

Title: Quality Management Systems and Performance of Production Defect Reduction Project at RULIBA CLAYS Limited

Author: Nzayisenga Honore, Dr. Douglas Nyabuga

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 22-32

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 06-October-2026

Abstract: Saudi municipalities face the challenge of improving service delivery while managing resources responsibly and responding to environmental and social demands. This conceptual paper examines how transformational leadership may contribute to organisational sustainability and proposes Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) as a moderator of that relationship. Drawing on recent literature and integrating Transformational Leadership Theory, the resource-based view and the ability, motivation and opportunity perspective, the paper develops propositions linking leadership to economic, environmental and social sustainability outcomes. It argues that leadership may be more strongly associated with these outcomes when green recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, rewards and employee involvement provide staff with the capacity and opportunity to act on sustainability goals. The framework is situated in Saudi municipal organisations, where service obligations and administrative arrangements may shape how leadership and HR practices operate. The paper contributes a testable account of their proposed interaction and identifies measures and research designs for future empirical assessment. As a conceptual study, it does not report or claim to establish empirical effects.

Keywords: transformational leadership; Green Human Resource Management; organisational sustainability; Saudi municipalities; conceptual framework.

Title: Transformational Leadership and Organisational Sustainability in Saudi Municipalities: A Conceptual Framework for the Moderating Role of Green Human Resource Management

Author: Nafisah Abdullah I khurayzah, Norarbaiyah Yaacob

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 10-21

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 06-October-2026

Abstract: The adoption of digital technologies has transformed project management and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) practices by improving accountability, transparency, data quality, reporting efficiency, and evidence-based decision-making. This study examined the influence of digital planning tools on Monitoring and Evaluation frameworks at Chancen International Rwanda. Specifically, it assessed the influence of digital planning, budgeting, monitoring, and communication tools on the effectiveness of M&E frameworks. The study was guided by Contingency Theory, Modernization Theory, Cybernetics Theory, and Knowledge Management Theory. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data were collected from 359 respondents comprising staff, students, graduates, and partner institutions using simple random and census sampling techniques, while qualitative data were obtained through key informant interviews and documentary review. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and ANOVA in SPSS Version 26, whereas qualitative data were analyzed thematically.

The findings revealed that digital planning tools significantly improved project scheduling, work-plan development, resource allocation, activity coordination, and strategic planning, thereby strengthening M&E frameworks. Digital budgeting tools enhanced budget preparation, financial tracking, cost control, resource utilization, and financial accountability, contributing to effective M&E implementation. Digital monitoring tools, including Kobo Toolbox, improved the timeliness, completeness, accuracy, and reliability of monitoring data while facilitating real-time reporting and performance tracking. Digital communication tools, including Microsoft Power BI, Tableau, and Looker Studio, enhanced information sharing, stakeholder engagement, dashboard visualization, report generation, feedback mechanisms, and evidence-based decision-making. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive relationships between all four categories of digital tools and M&E frameworks. Multiple regression analysis established that digital planning, budgeting, monitoring, and communication tools each had a statistically significant positive influence on M&E frameworks (p < 0.05), with digital communication tools emerging as the strongest predictor, followed by digital monitoring, budgeting, and planning tools. Collectively, these digital tools enhanced accountability, transparency, reporting timeliness, data quality, stakeholder participation, organizational learning, and evidence-based decision-making. The study concludes that integrating digital planning tools with complementary digital budgeting, monitoring, and communication technologies significantly strengthens Monitoring and Evaluation frameworks and organizational performance. It recommends increased investment in integrated digital M&E systems, continuous staff capacity building, strengthened digital infrastructure, centralized data management systems, and supportive digital transformation policies.

Keywords: Digital Planning Tools, Monitoring & Evaluation, Frameworks, CHANCEN International, Rwanda.

Title: Influence of Digital Planning Tools on Monitoring & Evaluation Frameworks at CHANCEN International, Rwanda

Author: Aloys Bimenyande, Dr. Martin Kimemia

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, October 2026 - March 2027

Page No: 1-9

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 05-October-2026