Vol 5 Issue 1 April 2017-September 2017

Abstract: The nanotechnology has been widely used in several other industries, and the interest in oil industry is increasing. Nanotechnology has the potential to profoundly change enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and improve the mechanism of recovery, and it is chosen as an alternative method to unlock the remaining oil resources and applied as a new enhanced oil recovery method in the last decade. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes aims to recover trapped oil left in reservoirs after primary and secondary recovery method. Chemical flooding is of increasing interest and importance due to high oil prices and the need to increase oil production. Nano-chemical flooding is an immature method from an application point of view. With the decline in oil discoveries during the last decades it is believed that EOR technologies will play a key role to meet the energy demand in years to come.

New materials and additives are needed to make EOR economical in challenging reservoirs or harsh environments. Nanoparticles have been widely studied for EOR, but nanoparticles with polymer chain grafted to the surface - known as polymer- coated nanoparticles (PNPs)- are an emerging class of materials that may be superior to nanoparticles for EOR due to improved solubility and stability, greater stabilization of foams and emulsions, and more facile transport through porous media.

This paper therefore focuses on the reviews of the application of nanotechnology in chemical flooding process in oil recovery and reviews the applications of nanomaterial for improving oil recovery that have been proposed to explain oil displacement by polymer flooding within oil reservoirs, and also this paper highlights a related class of materials comprised of surfactant and nanoparticle blends and studies of PNPs for improving mobility control, altering surface wettability, and for investigating their transport through porous media in EOR applications.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, PNPs, Chemical flooding, reservoir, Surfaces and interfaces, Wettability, interfacial tension, enhanced oil recovery (EOR).

Title: A Review on Nanotechnology Applications in Oil Production: Effect of Nanoparticles (NPs) & Polymer Nanoparticles (PNPs) Implementation on Chemical Flooding, Wettability and Interfacial Tension for the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Processes

Author: A.M. EL SHAFEY

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: In this paper, we consider a highly simplified deterministic model that incorporates a vaccination compartment to the classical SI epidemic model to study the impact of vaccination on the dynamics of infectious diseases. We have established results about the stability of the disease free and the endemic equilibria of the model as it relates to the basic reproduction number (R0) and numerical simulations have supported our analytical results that when R0 < 1, the disease free equilibrium becomes stable and the disease dies out of the population and for R0 > 1, the endemic equilibrium becomes stable showing that the disease will spread and persist within its host population. Numerical simulations have been used to support the importance of vaccination to a susceptible population and suggest a minimum vaccination rate and vaccine loss rate to target in a vaccination campaign.

Keywords: Vaccination, Epidemic model, Basic Reproduction number, Stability, Disease free equilibrium, Endemic equilibrium.

Title: Impact of Vaccination on the Dynamics of Infectious Diseases

Author: Ime Okonna, Mfon Okonna

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: The Computed Tomography (CT) imaging also known as Computerized Axial Tomography, provides a different form of imaging known as cross-sectional imaging. We were able to view the cross-sectional images, describing the voxels by showing an algorithm of the voxel numbers which represents the attenuation values in the voxels along the path of the rays. In addition, further discussion was made on the radiation of the Computed Axial Tomography.

Keywords: CT scan, Algorithm.

Title: Analysis of the Algorithm and Radiation of the Computed Axial Tomography

Author: UCHEGBU, MS.C.

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: Shear modulus, shear stress, shear waves speed, travel time of shear waves and work done by a diffusing atom of methane were determined by using thermodynamic relations in which the  thermodynamic quantities were obtained from molecular dynamic simulations. The atoms were modeled by Lennard-Jones (LJ) pair potential. The shear modulus, shear stress and shear waves speed decrease as temperature increases and density decreases. The shear waves take longer time to travel at lower densities. The work done by a diffusing atom of methane decreases as the rate of diffusion of atoms increases. Good agreement between prediction from simulation and experimental data is found for shear modulus at T=90.7K.

Keywords: Molecular dynamics simulations; Shear modulus; shear stress; Methane; Shear waves.

Title: Shear Properties of Liquid Methane

Author: Alice Bukola OLANIPEKUN (Nee Bukola MATHEW)

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: The inhibition efficiency of glutaric acid in controlling corrosion of Aluminium in an aqueous solution at pH 10, in the absence and presence of Zn2+ has been evaluated by weight loss method. The formulation consisting of 250 ppm of glutaric acid and 50 ppm of Zn2+ has 90% corrosion inhibition efficiency. A synergistic effect exits between glutaric acid and Zn2+. The mechanistic aspects of corrosion inhibition have been evaluated by polarization study. In the presence of inhibitor, linear polarization resistance increases and corrosion current decreases; The protective film has been analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. The protective film consists of Aluminium-glutaric acid complex and zinc-glutaric acid complex. The surface morphology of the film has been investigated by AFM. The protective film is in the order of nano range. The protective film consists of self-assembled monolayers of glutaric acid which is confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and AFM study.

Keywords: Corrosion inhibition, Aluminium at pH 10, glutaric acid, FTIR, AFM, self-assembling nanofilms.

Title: Corrosion Inhibition by Self Assembling Nanofilms of Glutaric Acid

Author: P. Satyabama, K. Rajesh, S. Rajendran

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: An important aspect of understanding discharge of a river is to examine the influences to which the river responds. Understanding the interaction between human activities and hydrologic processes is fundamental in addressing environmental degradation. This study examined streamflow in relation to land use changes. The study was based on Motoine/Ngong River sub-catchment, Nairobi River Basin, Kenya. Analysis of spatial and temporal land use change was done for the whole sub-catchment for five land use classes namely: bare ground, built up area and road, grassland, forest and other vegetation. Four representative sampling points along the course of the river: at the Motoine swamp outlet, Ngong Road Bridge, Nairobi dam inlet and at Kangundo Road Bridge were used to carry out flow measurements. The findings indicate spatial change in land use from 1976 to 2012, with built up area and road pattern of land use being the highest at 50.98% of the catchment, thereby forming a large area of impermeable surface cover. Flow of Motoine/Ngong River shows a marked variation between seasons and also from 1976 to 2012. This variability is attributed to increase in impermeable surface cover. Very high direct flow was noted from flood marks.

Keywords: Catchment, land use, streamflow, Motoine/Ngong River.

Title: Effects of Watershed Land Use Change on Streamflow of Motoine/Ngong River, Nairobi River Basin, Kenya

Author: Alice Kwamboka Monene

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research 

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: In this paper, the numerical solution of viscous dissipation effects on unsteady magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) free convection flow of an incompressible viscous, electrically conducting fluid near an infinite vertical plate with ramped wall temperature and chemical reaction in the presence of radiation has been carried out. The motion of the plate is a rectilinear translation with an arbitrary time dependent velocity and the radiative flux is described by using differential approximation. The partial differential equations governing the flow are transformed into a non-dimensional form and are solved by Ritz finite element method. The effects of the flow parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration fields are presented through the graphs and numerical data for the skin-friction presented in table. The results obtained are discussed for two cases, namely when the magnetic field is fixed to the fluid and moving plate. 

Keywords: MHD, free convection, ramped wall temperature, chemical reaction, viscous dissipation.

Title: Viscous Dissipation Effects on MHD Flow over a Vertical Plate with Ramped Wall Temperature and Chemical Reaction in the Presence of Radiation

Author: B. Prabhakar Reddy, P. M. Matao

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: The dependence of the dimensionless Brans-Dicke (BD) coupling parameter upon time and the scalar field has been determined, for an isotropic and homogeneous space of zero curvature, by solving BD field equations and the wave equation for the scalar field. For this purpose, very simple expressions of empirical scale factors, that generate constant deceleration parameters, have been used here in two theoretical models. The characteristics of time dependence of the BD parameter, obtained from these two models, are in qualitative agreement with each other. The mathematical expressions representing the rate of change of the BD parameter with time, based on these two models, are found to have identical forms. Combining the expressions of the BD parameter obtained from these two models, a method for the determination of the present value of the equation-of-state (EoS) parameter of the cosmic fluid has been discussed. Its value is found to be consistent with the ranges of values obtained from other studies based on recent observations.

Keywords: Brans-Dicke Theory, Scalar Field, Empirical Scale Factor, Equation-of-State (EoS) Parameter, Constant Deceleration Parameter, Cosmology.

Keywords: NF process, SK model, Polyamide membrane, waste water, textile industry.

Title: Theoretical Models of the Brans-Dicke Parameter for Time Independent Deceleration Parameters

Author: Sudipto Roy, Soumyadip Chowdhury

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: In this work, efficacy of nanofiltration (NF) process treating coloured waste water was investigated. The NF membrane in spiral wound (polyamide) configuration is having molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) 600 Da was used for the removal process. Experiments were conducted using synthetic waste water. The various membranes parameters such as hydraulic permeability (Lp), rejection co-efficient (σ) and solute permeability (Ps) was estimated using Spiegler-kedem (SK) model. The membrane performance was examined by changing initial feed concentration, pH, temperature and external pressure. It was found that NF process can effectively treat coloured waste water.

Keywords: NF process, SK model, Polyamide membrane, waste water, textile industry.

Title: Treatment of Coloured Waste Water by Using Spiral Wound Nanofiltration Membrane and Parameter Evaluation

Author: R. R. Marlar, Sanjeevani Hooda, Sangeeta Garg, Vidusi Bajpai, S. Bajpai

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: The methods that were employed in this project analyzed HIV data. The aim was to evaluate the evolution of HIV positive patients to bring out some significant factors associated with this pathology. Many clinical situations can be described in terms of the conditions that individuals can be in (states), how they can move among such states (transitions), and how likely such moves are (transition probabilities). State transition models were therefore best suited to analyze this decision problem. Transition probabilities from states 1, 2, and 3 into state 4 increased as time progressed. The estimated total length of stay in state 1 was longer than state 2 and 3 respectively.

Keywords: Transient state, HIV Infection, and Waiting Time.

Title: Estimation of Waiting Times for the Three Transient States of HIV Infection in Kenya

Author: Stephen Kinyanjui Mwambura, Dr. Ivivi Mwaniki

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: This analytical study was conducted at Elobeied Town – North Kordofan State – Sudan to assess free residual chlorine. 165 samples (55 per season) were collected for analysis of free residual chlorine from surface treated water and distributed , before treatment , after treatment ,Areas near to treatment plant , middle area , Far area from water treatment plant , and samples from local storage inside houses (Pottery) .At the interval from 2009 – 2011. The calculation of samples according to( 1 ) samples per (10000) population, plus 10 additional samples (W.H.O 1993). Chlorine residual declined to non or less than 0.2mg/l specially in rainy season . and 0.10 mg/l free residual chlorine after treatment in winter season and 0.00 mg/l in far area from water treatment plant.

Time and Place Limitation: This study was carried out during June 2009 to December 2011 at Elobeied Town North Kordofan State - Sudan.

Constrains: The natural constrains (Winds, rains and floods which affect in samples reading).

Keywords: (Free– Residual– Chlorine – Dose – Hypochlorous – Hypochlorite - Prechlorination).

Title: Assessment of Free Residual Chlorine - Elobeied Town – North Kordofan State -Sudan

Author: Hamza Abdullah Mohammed

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: The ideal material that could have potential applications in non-linear optical (NLO) devices should possess the combination of large non-linear figure of merit for frequency conversion, high laser damage threshold, fast optical response time, wide phase matchable angle, architectural flexibility for molecular design and morphology, optical transparency and high mechanical strength. The stability of Glycene lithium sulphate (GLS) single crystal was improved by doping organic dyes. The structural, chemical, optical, mechanical and non-linear optical properties of the dye doped crystals were analyzed with the characterization studies such as powder XRD, FT-IR, UV-Visible and SHG measurements, respectively.

NMR, HOMO and LUMO energies, were performed by time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach. The Mulliken charge analysis indicates that the nitrogen atoms of the triazole ring and the amino group attached to the ring are the main reactive centers of 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole. And the temperature dependence of the thermodynamic properties of constant pressure (Cp), entropy (S) and enthalpy change (ΔH0→T) for DAT were also determined.

Keywords: GLS crystals, XRD studies, FT-IR studies, SGH measurements and HOMO –LUMO studies.

Title: Significance of HOMO and LUMO Studies on dye doped Glycene Lithium Sulphate (GLS) Crystals for Non-linear Optical Applications

Author: G.Suresh, K. Sambathkumar, P.Kumaresan

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: This study established the influence of the determinants of labour force participation in Rwanda. It evaluated the roles and contributions of labour force participation in Rwanda, measured job creation for economic growth in Rwanda by using different policies like attracting foreign investors and modelling unemployment. The percentage of job seekers was high in youth and it was at 40% among Rwandan population. Workforce-skills matched what employers are looking for in order to measure the levels and trends of its indicators. The data used was secondary data from integrated household living condition survey (EICV4) for analysis, and this survey carried out by National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda and had sufficient data to avail labour force participation in Rwanda. Other findings from the study included how to increase the maximum job creation in Rwanda. It also used other secondary data from surveys and censuses carried out by national institute of statistics of Rwanda, like Fourth Rwanda population and housing census (4RPHC), establishment census, integrated business survey and labour force survey. The secondary data compiled was tested using Logistic regression model and other different tests like F- Statistic test and Chi-test analysis supported by fundamental evidence from the database of the regulatory authorities. Finally, it provided the model for solving problems identified by determinants.

Keywords: labour force participation, Employment, Unemployment, potential labour force, Self-employment.

Title: Modeling the Determinants Influencing Labour Force Participation in Rwanda 2013/14, Using Logistic Regression Approach

Author: Gilbert MUGENZI, Dr. Joseph K. Mung’atu, Dr. Marcel Ndengo

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: The study examined the extent to which maternal age at first birth, birth intervals, maternal education, preferred family size (ideal number of children) and age at first cohabitation influence fertility. Data from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014 (RDHS, 2014) were analyzed mainly focusing on women dataset. The overall sample of the survey was 12,699 household (from 492 clusters). However, multiple regression model was used as the main tool of analysis in this study to examine the overall association between the above stated variables on fertility (R) and the degree to which the stated explanatory variables influence fertility (R2). Standardized residuals (errors), p-values, multicollinearity function and normality of errors were used to test the validity of the model (the accuracy of the model).  By use of P-value statistic, table I shows that Age at first birth, Birth intervals, Maternal education, Ideal number of children, and Age at first cohabitation are significantly associated with fertility (P-value<0.05). Nevertheless, R2 is 0.349 indicating that 35% of the variation of fertility is determined by Age at first birth, Birth intervals, maternal education, Ideal number of children, and Age at first cohabitation. Therefore, table III shows that the model is accurate since Sig. <0.05, residuals are between ±1.96 (-1.96≤errors≤+1.96), the errors are normally distributed and there is absence of multicollinearity (VIF<10 and tolerance >.02). The results in equation 2 revealed that, for every one unit increase in Ideal number of children, fertility increases by 59 percent as all other independent variables remain unchanged. This has a serious implication to the Rwandan Government. Here the Government should increase the frequency of sensitization on family planning issues. However, for every one additional year of schooling, we predict 0.332 (33 percent) decrease in fertility when other predictor variables remain unchanged. It is seen that better educated women have more attitude towards fertility control.

Keywords: Fertility, Age at first birth, Birth intervals, Maternal education, Ideal number of children, and Age at first cohabitation.

Title: Modelling Drivers of Fertility in Rwanda

Author: Bonus NTAGENGERWA, Felix HAGENIMANA, Denis NDANGUZA, Joseph K. MUNG’ATU

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: In this paper we discuss invariant manifolds and stability analysis (stable and unstable manifold) associated to the fixed point of a dynamical system. We explain the significance of eigenvalues of Jacobian matrix and we consider some examples. We conclude with applications of these concepts.

Keywords: invariant manifolds, dynamical system, Jacobian matrix.

Title: Applications of Invariant Manifold

Author: M. A. Bashier, N. A. Ahmed

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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