Vol 4 Issue 3 July 2016-September 2016

Abstracts: The study investigated the Effect of Hands-On Learning Strategies on Senior Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement in Topographical Map Studies in Ganye Educational Zone, Adamawa State. Four null hypotheses were raised to guide the study. The research design employed was the quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-test, post-test control group design. The sample size for the study was 263 senior secondary school (SS II) geography students from six intact classes in public senior secondary schools in three Local Government Areas of Ganye Educational Zone. A 40-item Topographic Map Achievement Test (TMAT) constructed by the researcher but structured in line with WAEC/NECO standardized test items in practical geography was used to obtain data. The instrument was validated by two experts from Geography Education and Test and Measurement. A reliability index of 0.80 was obtained using Guttmann’s Split half statistic. One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test hypotheses one and two; and Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) Post Hoc Mean Comparisons Test was used to establish the effect size. The independent samples t-Test statistic was used to test hypotheses three and four. The findings from this study revealed that: there was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of students taught topographical maps using hands-on learning strategy alone, conventional method alone and hands-on learning strategy combined with conventional method in senior secondary schools of Ganye Educational Zone, Adamawa State (F (2, 260) = 52.105, p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the retention scores of students taught topographical maps using hands-on learning strategy alone, conventional method alone and hands-on learning strategy combined with conventional method (F (2, 260) = 48.477, p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of male and female students taught topographic maps using hands-on learning strategy (t = 0.880, df = 95, p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean scores of male and female students taught topographic maps using hands-on learning strategy combined with conventional method (t = 0.544, df = 83, p > 0.05). Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that geography teachers should endeavour to use hands-on learning strategy as an alternative strategy or incorporate this instructional technique with other teaching methods in order to improve the teaching and learning of topographical maps in senior secondary schools. Keywords: Academic Achievement; Hands-On learning Strategies; Topographical Map Studies; Topographical Map Achievement Test. Title: Effect of Hands-On Learning Strategies on Senior Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement in Topographical Map Studies in Ganye Educational Zone, Adamawa State, Nigeria Author: Jacob Filgona, Dr. Linus K. Sababa, Dr. Joel Filgona International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The article was prepared by United States International University – Africa (USIU-A) students: Rono Chepng’eno Diana, Mogeni Paul, Alividza Joanne, King’ori Esther, Senewa Mercy and USIU-A lecturer Ngeno,Weldon KWA. We analyse how one sided are the US foreign policies to Africa. The article has various categories of the contact points at which the US has had with Africa starting with the first US contact with Africa prior to the Cold War Era; then a look at the Post-Cold War Policies ranging from aspects of the New World Order, then the Retreat from Africa, African Solutions to African Problems with regard to the US Military Policies and their Economic Policies, the US and Africa relations post- 9/11 and lastly a critical look at the most current Obama Policies on Africa in terms of the correlation of Good Governance and Democracy, AGOA, Development Assistance, Security and Strategic Policy, Counterterrorism, Peacekeeping and Energy Security. Keywords: US, Africa, Foreign Policy, USIU-A, Ng’eno KWA. Title: THE SELFISH ASPECTS OF US FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS AFRICA Author: Diana Rono, Weldon Ng’eno, Paul Mogeni, Joanne Alividza, Mercy Senewa, Esther King’ori International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This article introduces a new dimension in the debate on vision 2030, the feasibility of transforming Kenya into a regional ICT hub. The paper looks at various ways in which Kenya has tried so far to achieve the visions goals and also mentions some of these ICT achievements and limitations so far. Additionally, the paper will employ various chapters that will explain the whole programme. The article is dived into various chapters and in each chapter, the ICT vision 2030 stages is analyzed. Keywords: Kenya Vision 2030 and ICT Hub. Title: Kenya Vision 2030: The feasibility of transforming Kenya into a regional ICT hub, Christine Author: Christine, Joan Onsomu, Onyando, Betty Akoth, Rita, Ndinda Munyae, Lynne, Karago Wambui Angeline, Ambogo Kidiga International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: As the Kenya government works towards improving the Quality of life (QoL) of all people, that of retirees requires special attention. This is because they have to undergo the retirement transition that significantly influences QoL. Research has established a significant positive relationship between retirement preparation and QoL. Hence, the relevant policies and institutional frameworks to promote QoL in retirement have been put in place. However, studies show that retirees in Kenya continue to experience many challenges. This study was therefore conducted to assess the relationship between psychosocial retirement preparation and QoL with a view to delineating the significant predictors of QoL. From a target population of 4,469 retirees, ten percent was sampled for the study. Purposive, cluster, simple random and stratified random sampling methods were used to select 447 respondents. Quantitative data was collected using interview schedules and analyzed quantitatively. FGD guides were used to collect data from participants and analyzed thematically. The study found that most respondents (82.25 percent) had not adequately prepared for retirement in the psychosocial domain. Consequently, less than half (41.5 percent) of them experienced a high QoL in retirement. QoL was found to be positively related to social support and a diversity of pre-retirement activities that translated in greater satisfaction at retirement. In view of this, the study recommends that psychosocial preparation for retirement be emphasized as a critical component of the retirement preparation process. Keywords: quality of life, retirement preparation, retirees, psychosocial, Kenya. Title: The Relationship between Psychosocial Preparation for Retirement and Quality of Life of Retirees in Kenya Author: Dr. Pauline Thuku, Dr. Lucy Maina, Dr. Margaret Gecaga International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper assesses the contribution of Ghana’s rural development strategies to poverty reduction through agricultural development. Agricultural sector remains the largest employer of rural poor in Ghana. Literature on how agricultural development has contributed to poverty reduction in the world with special emphasis on emerging economies has been presented. Drawing on the case study approach and evaluative research, the Builsa North District was selected for the assessment since it is a predominantly rural district in Northern Ghana with majority of the active labour force employed in the agricultural sector. The findings indicate that agriculture development is key in addressing poverty in rural areas particularly in developing economies like Ghana. The paper suggests that while rural development strategies should be broad-based to reduce rural poverty, agricultural development in modernised and sustainable manner should be the major focus since it employs majority of the rural poor and has the capacity to reduce poverty through employment generation, increase in income and consumption of farmers, and reduction in food prices. Keywords: Rural Development Strategies, Agricultural Development, Poverty Reduction, Ghana. Title: Agricultural Development as a Rural Development Strategy in Northern Ghana: Case of Builsa North District Author: Gideon Opoku Tuffour, Irene-Nora Dinye, Douglas Kwesi Anyatewon, Romanus D. Dinye International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3164 (online), ISSN 2348-3156 (Print) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ersonality traits of tenacity and resiliency with academic success at the University of Medical Sciences Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional research. In this research, academic success is as dependent variable and two resiliency and tenacity were predictor variables. Academic achievement based on grade point average of the students in both groups over 15 (student's) and under 15 (unsuccessful) was considered. The instrument used in this study consisted of three questionnaires, the first questionnaire included mographic questionnaire and two others were Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory (AHI) of Kobasa and Connor and Davidson Resiliency Scale (CD-RIS), respectively. Results: In total samples, positive and significant for the tenacity and resiliency predicted. In fact, for every unit change in mental toughness, resiliency score changes 0.39. The study also showed resilience in successful people is higher (P = 0.027 & t = 2.32). Among the successful students, tenacity could be a significant positive predict their resilience (P <0.0001 and β=0.39). Conclusion: The findings of this study, in line with other studies in this field, first hand both personality factors hardiness and resilience proved and also show that these two traits of character are aligned with the success of students. The selection feature can be corrected at an early stage to help military organizations to engage people in these organizations which is somewhat more in touch with their academic achievement. Keywords: toughness, resilience, academic success. Title: Investigating the Relationship between Personality Traits of Tenacity and Resiliency with Academic Success at the University of Medical Sciences Author: Ferdos Aminoroaya Karladani International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3164 (online), ISSN 2348-3156 (Print) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The integration of Nigeria’s political economy into the global capitalist system was a defining context of her international economic relations. The country had been integrated as a neo-colonial, dependent and peripheral formation that equally defined the pattern of its trade and economic relations. The state economic policies on domestic economic management and external economic relations are hinged on Western, neo-liberal economic agenda. This neo-liberal philosophy informs the drive for state withdrawal and ascendancy of the market in the state and economy relations. The article is a radical political economy critique of Nigeria’s international economic relations. It argues for assertive state as opposed to permissive state with a view to pursuing aggressive and result –oriented external economic relations. The article posits the state should develop other productive sectors to reduce the vulnerable nature of the economy and assert economic independence. Keywords: economic reforms, neo-liberal, peripheral, neo-colonial, debt overhang. TITLE: The Political Economy of Nigeria’s International Economic Relations: Issues, Contradictory Realities and Challenges AUTHOR: Dr. Dele Seteolu, James Okuneye International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper contains an in-depth study of conjunctions, including their meaning, types as well as uses or functions in English. Conjunctions are words that link or connect two words, phrases, clauses or sentences together, either in speech or in writing. Conjunctions are one of the eight parts of speech in English, according to the traditional grammar. Apart from the coordinating, subordinating and correlative types, the author has also researched into other kinds of conjunctions that can be of great interest to the reader. The author deemed it necessary to carry out a study of this kind because over the years, this important area of language study has received less attention from language scholars and students of English/linguistics in comparison with other parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives and prepositions. As this paper had unveiled, the author had not only conceived of conjunctions as one of the eight parts of speech in English, as upheld in traditional grammar, but also went beyond to examine the meaning and uses of conjunctions semantically and pragmatically as well as in propositional logic. This study is very significant, as it provides an impetus for those who hitherto have not thought of researching into this area of language study. Furthermore, the paper has presented before the reader a myriad of sentential examples for easy understanding or comprehension. Keywords: Conjunctions, Coordinating, Subordinating, Correlative. Title: CONJUNCTIONS IN ENGLISH: MEANING, TYPES AND USES Author: Abraham Sunday Unubi International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3164 (online), ISSN 2348-3156 (Print) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The West is a term commonly used to refer to the developed nations of Europe and North America. Historically, the west has played a major role in the political, social and economic development of Africa. In recent decades China, spurred on by rapid industrialization during the 1990’s, has challenged western domination in Africa, and in 2011 it overtook the United States to become Africa’s largest trading partner. The question this paper seeks to answer is whether Africa countries should stick with the traditional western powers, or turn their focus instead, to the emerging powers in the east, perhaps best exemplified by china. This paper will seek to answer this question by outlining the historical relationship between Africa and the two regions, and the political, security, cultural, and economic factors, crucial in determining whether Africa should go east or west. Keywords: Africa Compass, Political, Social, Economic, Security, Culture and Development. TITLE: AFRICA’S COMPASS: EAST OR WEST? AUTHOR: Lemayan, Wilson Memusi., Kimani, Damaris Wanjiku, Katunge, Grace, Oduol, Lionel, Mwangi, Lydia Wanjiku, Ng’eno, KWA International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study examines the concept of social entrepreneurship and social enterprises by investigating how Chinese youths perceive them and whether there is any difference between male and female Chinese youths regarding their perceptions. According to the results, the participants had favorable view of social enterprises. Male participants were more likely than female participants to have the favorable view. The participants had favorable view of social enterprises. Female participants were slightly more likely than male participants to favorably view careers in social entrepreneurship. The results have important policy implications. Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship, Chinese Youth, Social Enterprise, Perception, Attitude, Gender. Title: The Role of Social Entrepreneurship: A Comparative Study of Chinese Youth Author: Jingqian Zhang, Qinglai Shao, Jiayi Wu International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Social support is one of most important factors in predicting the physical health and well-being of everyone, ranging from childhood through ageing years. An individual's social support system comprises of multiple network. These networks are various relationships such as family, relatives, friends and neighbors. Social support becomes significant source of help for ageing people, particularly those living with chronic illnesses and acts as a buffer and alters recovery patterns. The significant social contacts are friends, neighbors and family. Urbanization, modernization and globalization have led to a massive change in the economic structure, erosion of societal values, weakening of social values and social institutions such as the joint family and to some extent marriage and kinship. In this changing economic and social milieu, the graying generation is caught between the declines in traditional values on one hand and the absence of adequate social security system on the other. The social networks help to buffer stress and depression and enhance individual’s morale and well-being. The aim of this study was to analyze the situation of social support in the form of frequency of social interactions and the social functioning. Social functioning, defined as “the ability to maintain and nurture major social relationships”. For the present study the sample comprised of N= 400 ageing adults both males and females, in the age range of 65 to 75years belonging to rural and urban setting of Jaipur district (n = 200 urban, i.e 100=male, 100=female and n = 200 rural i.e. 100= male and 100=female). The result reflected that a high significant difference was found at p<.01 level. Positive social interactions protect against developing difficulties with physical functions in later life. Social networks and social support play cardinal role in the quality of life of older people in societies where formal support and social protection programs are not available. Keywords: Social Networks, Social Support, Ageing Adults. Title: Supportive Social Network in Twilight Years Author: Dr. Shubha Dube, Ms. Kirti Sharma International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Gender as a concept has attracted interest globally across different endeavours especially women participation in politics. This is because politics is a major pillar that upholds any society as an act of governance. The paper focus on several issues that border on gender disparity in Nigeria‘s political process. It was discovered that some factors were responsible for low participation of Nigerian women in politics. The study recommended that to attain these goals, there is need for both men and women to be adequately part of decision making at all levels of government. This will guaranteed the representation of gender issues as they affect both sexes. This paper is basically on the role of women in the Nigerian politics. The inferiority complex of women regarding active political participation and representation constitute the bane of this study. The most critical element of this discourse is however that women are, and have been sidelined in the political scheme of things in Nigeria and this state of affairs spells a dangerous omen for the Nigerian system which is now literally dominated and controlled by men. In the past, experience has shown, of course as demonstrated in the study, that women’s political roles have contributed immensely in the shaping of the Nigerian politics. It will be unthinkable to wish away the critical efforts of women in the making of Nigerian state while arrogating political powers to the male folk. It is also unhealthy to ascribe political powers strictly to men in this era of globalization where the role of women in global politics is considered to be relevant in overall world peace, tranquillity and mutual co-existence. Keywords: Women and Politics. Title: Nigeria Women in Politics: Challenges and way forward Author: Oluwadamilola, Kemi Adams International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3164 (online), ISSN 2348-3156 (Print) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The existing literature reveals that there are two main reasons explaning why youth practice religion in universities: to fulfill psychological well-being and to gain life satisfaction. However, these studies failed to examine how religion impacts on youth in university contexts. Besides, the research studies were largely based on empirical data gathered from limited samples, thus, the context-specific differences and diversity of human actions were not taken into consideration. Given this scenario, this study explores the motivations of young university students to participate in the activities of the religion based organizations in universities. The study further examined two sub-questions in order to understand why young university students choose religious associations in the university; and to gain insights into the specific youth-related benefits that university students expect to enjoy as members of the those religious groups. Keywords: Religion, Youth, University, Social Capital, Empowerment. Title: The Impact of Religion in University on Young University Students an Ethnographic Inquiry Author: Indraka Hemantha Ubeysekara International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper seeks to assess the Manpower Needs in Jos North Local Government Council by identifying and examining the numerical strength of the man power in the council, determining the level of educational attainment and the work experience of the man power. The population of 560 from the seven departments in the local government council were served with questionnaires, a simple random sampling technique was adopted based on the number of personnel in each department, 64% response rate was recorded representing 360 questionnaires. The data was analyzed using statistical tabulations. The findings of the study revealed that the manpower of the council was characterized by a huge proportion of females (51.6%), the remaining 48.4% were male. The age structure shows that the people in age group of 40-44years constituted 16% of the sampled population. 50.3% of the respondents had post secondary education qualification and 69.9% of the respondents have a working experience of not less than 15years. Based on these results recommendations were made to assist policy makers, practitioners and the academia. Keywords: Assessment, Manpower Needs, Jos North LGC. Title: An Assessment of Manpower Needs in Jos North Local Government Council, Plateau State Nigeria Author: Gyang, L.D, Wapwera, S.D, Gwanshak, J.Y International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This review was prepared by United States International University – Africa (USIU-A) students: Abubakar Mohamed Ahmed, Madey Eliyas Issack, Waigumo Shiela Kariuki, Asha Idris Mohamed, Shisanya Sophie Amutavy and USIU-A lecturer Weldon Ng’eno KWA. We review about 100 papers on Sino-African relations published during the past 12 years for the most part, in order to put some structure on the existing strands. The literature is classified into dominant schools of thought, namely the: neocolonial or pessimistic; balance development or optimistic and accommodation schools. After the classification, we reconcile the schools of thought in light of dominant themes and debates on development models, inter alia: (1) pessimists versus (vs) optimists; (2) preferences of rights in development models (economic vs political, national vs human & sovereign vs idiosyncratic); (3) the Washington Consensus vs the Beijing Model and; (4) an African Consensus in both the Washington Consensus and Beijing Model. Keywords: AFRICA REALTIONS, USIU-A lecturer Weldon, accommodation schools. Title: SINO-AFRICAN RELATIONS: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW Author: Abubakar, M. A., Madey, E. I., Waigumo, S. K., Asha, I. M., Shisanya, S. A., Ng’eno, KWA International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals