Vol 10 Issue 4 October 2022-December 2022

Abstract: Government debt is one of the main macroeconomic variables that determine a state's standing in the global market. It is the elements influencing the inflow of overseas investment. Prudent communal debt administration encourages commercial stability and growth by leveraging resources at low borrowing costs and lowering financial risk exposure. The main subjects of this study are the public debt in Kenya and its connection to economic growth from 2011 to 2021. Most developing nations will anticipate a beneficial impact of public debt on economic progress. Therefore, government spending that would promote economic growth should be financed with funds from public bill. Equating to foreign arrears, there exist a weighty development in household dues, which leads to enquiries on how it will influence investments in Kenya. The empirical exploration, however, shows the opposite. The research also aims to establish the relationship between Kenya's financial development and its foreign dues, domestic arrears, and the overall cost of the debt payment. The Keynesian model and the Debt Overhang Hypothesis, has two opposing framework visions on state’s debit outdate view and the Ricardian view—guided the analysis. GDP served as the dependent variable, and variations in public borrowings, the jobless rate, inflation, and total debt served as the predictor factors.From 2011 to 2021, data were gathered for all the parameters. According to the regression analysis findings, the constant was found to be 84.0, with the variables for inflation, the joblessness ratio, public inland arrears, and revolution in aggregate dues being 0.09, 0.39, 0.36, and 0.35 correspondingly. Results showed the difference in 1(one) unit of overall debts could result in a decrease of 6.0 units of internal product. In comparison, a variation in 1 unit of local government debt increases 5.9 units of local produce. Additionally, a change in joblessness would cause a decrease in the domestic product of 0.4 units for every unit that changed. Finally, 0.75 units of the domestic product would decrease for every unit of inflation. Rendering to the outcomes of the correspondence analysis, there is a negative link in GDP and each of the four explanatory factors taken into account. However, there is a major connection between aggregate inflation and debts. The regression model's probability value was deduced from the ANOVA findings. It was found to be 0.04, suggesting the model's importance in describing the link between the GDP and the factors under consideration.

Keywords: Government debt, Macroeconomic variables, Commercial stability, Public borrowings, GDP.

Title: Relationship between Public Debt and the Economic Growth in Kenya

Author: Faith Kananu Kobia, Dr. Jane Omwenga, Dr. Agnes Njeru

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 375-388

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 26-October-2022

Abstract: Drought is a natural phenomenon which often impacts people, the economy and ecosystems. Prolonged droughts reduce food production and water availability and at their worst lead to significant human suffering and loss of life. Project management is one of strategic competency that enables entities to link project outcomes to it particular objective hence the primary objective of this study was to determine the role of project management practices on performance outcomes in post-disaster reconstruction in Kenya. The study was guided by four research objectives namely: to determine the influence of project planning process on performance outcomes; to examine the influence of project execution process on performance outcomes; to investigate the influence of monitoring and controlling of projects on performance outcomes; and to establish the influence of project communication processes on performance outcomes in rural water projects development in Kenya. The research employed cross sectional research design. The study targeted 238 projects heads and major stakeholders.  Simple random sampling was used to obtain 204 projects heads and major stakeholders. The data from the field were edited for accuracy, completeness, consistency and analyzed using descriptive statistical tools (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences V.17.0 and Excel). From the findings, 67 % of the respondents indicated that project planning influenced project outcome to a very great extent; 44% of the respondents agreed that project execution influenced project outcome to a very great extent; 75 % of the respondents recommended changes to the project monitoring and control procedures to positively influence project outcome. Also, it was established that 55% of the project outcome was influenced by project management processes. The study concluded that there was a significant relationship between project management processes and project outcome. The findings led to the conclusion that execution had the least influence on the project outcome. It was also concluded that the project closure process had the greatest influence on project outcome. The regression model indicated that the project communication process had the largest magnitude. The study recommended that: effective project planning activities to be applied to projects; emphasis be given to implementation activities that will ensure plans are effectively executed in order to fully meet set objectives; introduction of effective monitoring tools; training of staff on use of monitoring tools; use of effective communication; and improved reporting and documentation. Finally, the study recommended that project outcome should be evaluated from the local acceptance and satisfaction perspective                      

Keywords: Project Management Practices, Project Planning, Project Execution, Monitoring and Controlling, Project Communication, Performance Outcomes.

Title: Role of Project Management Practices on Performance Outcomes in Post-Disaster Reconstruction in Kenya

Author: Daisy Chebet Ronoh, Dr. Jane Queen Omwenga

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 349-374

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 26-October-2022

Abstract: The majority of feed manufacturing firms are concentrated in the major towns in Kenya and the current market allows for free entry and exit into the industry, this gives rise to heavy investment in marketing by many firms in the country so as to grow and maintain their market share. The study thus aimed at finding out the effect of competitive strategies on the marketing performance of animal feeds in Nairobi County, guided by specific objectives;  To determine the influence of cost leadership on marketing performance of the Animal feed industry in Nairobi County, Kenya; to establish the influence of product differentiation strategy on marketing performance of Animal feed industry in Nairobi County, Kenya; to evaluate the influence of market focus strategy on the marketing performance of Animal feed industry in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design, with a population of all the 38 registered animal feeds firms in Nairobi County, the study thus targeted sales and marketing management teams from each of the companies. The study employed stratified random sampling where the 38 firms were made into units then targeted 3 respondents from each unit; Sales and marketing manager, operations manager and sales representative giving a total of 114 respondents. The study used questionnaire as the main primary tool for data collection and SPSS 24.0 for data analysis. The presentation was in form of tables and charts. The results of the data analysis were presented and conclusions were drawn. From the results it was concluded that all the four competitive strategies of Cost leadership, Focus, differentiation and lock-in effect have a positive and significant relationship to performance. This study recommends that animal feeds manufacturers in Kenya should use more of the cost leadership strategy since it has the biggest significant relationship to performance.

Keywords: Cost Leadership Strategy, Market Focus Strategy, Product Differentiation Strategy, lock-in  effect  strategy,  Marketing Performance.

Title: Influence of Competitive Strategies on Marketing Performance of Animal Feeds Industry in Nairobi County, Kenya

Author: Njuguna Jacob Gathuru, Dr Godfrey K. Makau

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 329-348

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 26-October-2022

Abstract: Social media is an irrefutable part of students’ lives in this day and age. Although it can be used as a tool to connect and spread information; most social media platforms center around superficial posts and content that often have a detrimental effect on high schoolers focus and self-esteem. There have been many surveys that show the use of social media amongst young adolescents is widespread and the number continues to increase with every passing year. Therefore it is crucial to be able to observe the effect that prolonged social media use is having on students and how to alleviate any negative outcomes. Social media has made such a big impact in students’ lives because they start to feel affected by what they see and surround themselves with. Students experience negative mental health outcomes because of what they are seeing on social media by comparing themselves to strangers, friends, and influencers which leads to problems with body image and body dysmorphia. Research also showed that students were struggling more because they were new to the idea of having to talk to people in person. Being isolated from people caused them to lack the ability to interact with others. Being on social media for countless hours, affected their academics and the way they learn. Finally, social media has affected students through their mental health. They experience lack of sleep, lack of energy, and start to see behavioral changes to themselves. Overall, students’ daily lives have been changed through social media because of the way it changes the way they act, feel, and communicate with others.

Keywords:  Social Media, Body Image, High School Students, Academic Outcomes, Mental Health, COVID-19.

Title: The Negative Impact of Social Media on High School Students during COVID-19

Author: Hailey Kim

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 325-328

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 22-October-2022

Abstract:  Background: Patients undergoing cancer treatment experience many symptoms that can affect their ability to cope with many things such as eating certain types of foods during and after treatment.Nutrition is an important part of cancer treatment. Eating the right kinds of foods before, during, and after treatment can help you feel better and stay stronger. (1)

General objective:: the general  objective  of this study wase to  describe the dietary changes experienced by cancer patients associated with  different treatment types  

Specific objectives: wase To identify the nutritional and treatment disorders resulting among hospitalized patients , to Evaluate the nutritional intervention for the hospitalized cancer patients, To help the nutritionist, dietitian develop some programs to plan the appropriate meals for each patient according to the side effects due to  cancer treatment

Justification:  For our work in the field of nutrition, we need to better understand the relationship between treatment and diet among a larger and more diverse group of cancer patients and to know about hospital nutritional interventions that help relieve symptoms during treatment and improve quality of life.

Setting:   Khartoum Hospital for Tumors Treatment (atom) is the first hospital in Sudan for the treatment of tumors. It was established in the year 1967 after it was one of the therapeutic departments in Khartoum Teaching Hospital. To become a specialized center for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, thyroid diseases and various blood cancers. The hospital includes various medical and service cadres The hospital provides diagnostic and treatment services . for about (8000) new cases annually in addition to periodic follow-up cases, and the hospital services extend to many patients in neighboring  . The number of patients with cancer has increased to 12 times during the previous years, despite this, it does not represent the real number of cancer patients .(2).

Method used: The descriptive analytical study was conducted By means of a questionnaire that was conducted with the hospitalized cancer patients   at Khartoum Hospital for Oncology (atom) which is considered the largest and first hospital in Sudan. Among who received treatment, to describe the dietary changes associated with different types of treatment  , that was in (November  2021), The information was  collect by  a questionnaire, which was distributed among  random selected patients (100(  The number of all beds in the hospital was 345, most of them long-staying, and the number of those who agreed to fill out the questionnaire was only 100 patients, who were included in the analysis   We first began by presenting the idea of ​​the questionnaire questions, their purpose, and the freedom to answer or not  and then answering after approval. this questionnaire include demographic characteristics, (gender , marital status , age in years,   education level , occupation …) And questions about the health status, such as the type of cancer, duration  as well as questions about nutritional education and  the types of treatment ,  food services…

Study design: This cross-sectional study was conducted among hospitalized cancer patients at Khartoum Hospital for Oncology who received treatment, to describe the dietary changes associated with different types of treatment.

Sampling: The study targeted all inpatients at Khartoum Hospital for Oncology during November 2021, who had agreed to fill out the questionnaire, and they are the patients who were randomly selected, and all those who did not agree to filling out the questionnaire were excluded. Participants: The number of hospitalized patients who agreed to participate in the questionnaire was 100.  

Keywords:  cancer treatment, hospitalized patients, tumors, thyroid diseases.

Title: Treatment-related dietary changes among cancer hospitalized patients at Khartoum Hospital for Cans or Treatment (atom) -Sudan

Author: Wisal Abbas Mohammed Babiker, Mona Abdelgadir Ahmed Abuagla

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 317-324

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 20-October-2022

Abstract: Credit remains one of the main sources of income for any banks globally. However, this exposes the banks and other financial institutions to credit risk as there is a possibility of non-payment of the loan by the borrowers as per the contractual obligations. Assessing and managing this risk is becoming a crucial factor for every commercial bank across the world. This study therefore, sought to determine the effect of credit risk determinants on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The data set comprised the 41 commercial banks in Kenya as of the year 2021. The determinants of credit risk for this study were Capital Adequacy (CA), Loan Loss Provision (LLP), Liquidity Risk (LR), and Asset Quality (AQ). The financial performance of the banks under study was measured by the Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). These ratios indicated the financial performance in terms of the profitability of the banks under study as far as the efficient utilization of assets of these banks, and the ability of the banks to utilize money invested by investors to create profit. The study used secondary data from the annual financial statements of the 41 commercial banks in Kenya for five years from the year 2017-to 2021 (panel data). Both correlation and inferential statistics designs were used to complete the resulted analysis from the Statistical Package for Social Sciences.  Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to explain the effect of credit risk determinants on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study found that capital adequacy had a direct significant effect on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya (p= 0.001, β= 0.164). Loan loss provision registered an indirect significant effect on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya (p= 0.000, β= -0.325). The study further found that liquidity risk had an indirect significant effect on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya (p= 0.000, β= -0.568). The study also found that asset quality had a positive insignificant effect on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya (p= 0.114, β= 0.089). Generally, the study concluded that credit risk determinants had a statistically significant effect on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya (R-square= 0.875, p-value= 0.000). The study recommends that the regulatory authority for the commercial banks, Central Bank of Kenya should enhance its oversight on the compliance of developed policies guiding the operation of commercial banks to enable them to continue with adequate financial performance.

Keywords: Capital Adequacy, Loan Loss Provision, Liquidity Risk, Asset Quality, financial performance.

Title: Effect of Credit Risk Determinants on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya

Author: Justus Okumbo Manyala, Dr. Jane Queen Omwenga, Dr. Charles Weda

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 292-316

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 19-October-2022

Abstract: Contrary to empirical evidence that Strategic Human Resource Management Practices (SHRMPs) positively impacted performance of enterprises worldwide, public universities in Kenya, which are expected to apply SHRMPs have continued to perform below expectations, in terms of financial prospects, research and innovation, new programs development rate, learner enrolment rates, graduation rates, and employee promotion rates.  Available empirical literature does not seem to address the role of employee outcomes in the link between SHRMPs and performance of public universities as conceptualized in this study. This study addressed this gap. The specific objective of this study was to determine the intervening effect of employee outcomes on the link between SHRMPs and performance of public universities in Kenya. The study tested the hypothesis that employee outcomes do not have an intervening effect on the link between SHRMPs and performance of public universities in Kenya. The study was anchored on the Human Capital Theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design in a census approach. The target population was academic and non-academic employees of the 31 public universities in Kenya, using a sample of 155 respondents purposively selected from the three union representatives respectively; University Academic Staff Union (UASU), Kenya University Staff Union (KUSU), Kenya Union of Domestic, Hotels, Educational Institutions, Hospitals and Allied Workers (KUDHEIHA), as well as one senior representative each from Academic Registrar and HR departments respectively. A self-administered five-level Likert type questionnaire was used for data collection. Based on the 110(71%) response rate, data was descriptively and inferentially analyzed using stepwise multiple linear regressions. It was found that there was a positive and statistically significant intervening influence of employee outcomes on the SHRMPs– public universities’ performance relationship. The study recommended that public universities in Kenya evidenced to be facing declining performance, exacerbated by dwindling government capitation ought to strategically select SHRMPs bundles that can enable them to optimize on the generation of desired employee outcomes, which would result in enhanced performance, sustainably and creatively.

Keywords: Employee outcomes, strategic human resource management and performance.

Title: INTERVENING EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE OUTCOMES ON THE LINK BETWEEN STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA

Author: Ruga Stephen Njuguna Mwaura, Dr. Esther Kiruja, Prof. Evans Vidija Sagwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 271-291

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 18-October-2022

Abstract: The need to understand supply chain management practices and how they affect performance of organizations is instrumental in today’s dynamic business environment which is marred by stiff competition due globalization. This forms the basis on which this study is anchored to create an understanding on how organizations and companies can integrate such practices in order to bolster their performance. The general objective of this therefore was to assess the effect of supply chain management practices on performance of water service providers in Kenya. The study laid key emphasis on Murang’a water and Sanitation Company limited as an organization of reference for its research. To achieve the objective of this research, the study was supported by the following specific objectives; To assess the effects of supplier selection criteria on performance of Murang’a Water and Sanitation company; To assess the effects of supplier collaboration on performance of Murang’a Water and Sanitation company; To assess the effects of procurement policies on performance of Murang’a Water and sanitation company; and To assess the impact of customer relationship management on performance of Murang’a Water and sanitation company. The study used resource based theory, network theory, stakeholder and institutional theories in order to establish the relationship between the variables. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population involved all the departmental managers, the middle-level managers, engineers, supervisors and other low level employees deemed to have the required information for the study from the company. The study used census survey approach to determine the sample for the study which constituted all the 81 employees. A Likert type of questionnaire was used to collect the data and which will be administered using a drop and pick method upon receiving consent from the company management. The data gathered from the respondents was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics through the use of SPSS version 23 software. Regression analysis was also carried out to establish the relationship between the variables of the study and data was presented in tables, graphs and charts. The study found a positive and significant relationship between supplier selection, supplier collaboration and performance of water service providers in Kenya. However, there was a negative and significant relationship between procurement policies and customer relations and performance of water service providers in Kenya. The study therefore recommends that supplier selection, supplier collaboration and customer relationship management are key supply chain management practices that organizations both in the public and the private sector should lay emphasis on in order to enhance their service delivery and overall performance. The study further suggests that more studies can be done to unlock the contributions of supply chain sustainability, vendor diversification and supply chain team alignment on performance

Keywords: supplier selection, supplier collaboration, procurement policies, customer relations and performance.

Title: Effect of Supply Chain Management Practices on Performance of Water Service Providers in Kenya .A Case of Murang’a Water and Sanitation Company Limited

Author: Kabathi Michael Rurung’a, Dr. Jane Queen Omwenga

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 243-270

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 18-October-2022

Abstract: In contrast to other counties in Kenya, Murang'a County enjoys an abundance of water as a natural resource, which is enjoyed by the locals there. The Murang'a Water and Sanitation Company reports that despite the fact that Murang'a County is one of the counties with many water projects, its residents continue to experience issues with access to water, including outdated infrastructure and distribution barriers. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of project initiation process on the performance of water projects in Murang’a County, Kenya. The research method used was descriptive. The 20 constructed water projects in Murang'a County were the target population. With the help of a semi-structured questionnaire, primary data was gathered. In order to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument, the questionnaires underwent pilot testing in Kiambu County. With the aid of the statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) version 27 as the analysis tool, the collected data was examined through descriptive and inferential analysis. To aid in interpretation and understanding, the results were presented in the form of a report with tables, diagrams, and graphs. According to the study, the performance of water projects in Murang'a County was positively and significantly impacted by project initiation. The study concluded that establishing a high-level definition of the project is the goal of the project initiation process and link it to the organizationally desired solution to the business problem. This project recommends that Project managers need to think about all partners who might be impacted or need funding, as well as the project’s viability during the project initiation stage.

Keywords: Project initiation process, project performance.

Title: INFLUENCE OF PROJECT INITIATION PROCESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WATER PROJECTS IN MURANG’A COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Grace Wangari Gichure, Dr. Lydia Gachengo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 237-242

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Published Date: 17-October-2022

Abstract: The general objective of this study was to establish the effect of financing determinants on capital structure for manufacturing and value-added firms in Nairobi City County. The specific objectives were; to analyze the effect of profitability on capital structure for manufacturing and value-added firms, to identify how levels of liquidity of a firm determines capital structure, to investigate how corporate taxes contribute to capital structure for manufacturing and value-added firms and to establish how competitive parity among manufacturing and value-added companies influence capital structure. The study reviewed theories that are relevant to the study. These theories included Capital irrelevancy theory, pecking order theory, Modigliani and Miller (1958) without Corporate Taxes, Modigliani and Miller with Corporate Taxes (1963) and competitive advantage theory. The research design, the research population, sample and sampling, data collection methods, and the data presentation and analysis will be elaborated in this study. The study used descriptive research design and inferential research design. The study’s target population was 256 manufacturing and value-addition firms in Nairobi from which a sample of 112 was used. Primary data used which was collected through self-administered questionnaires. Data analysis was done through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 25. Descriptive statistics included bar graphs, pie charts, means, standard deviations and percentages. Inferential statistics included Pearson Correlation and regression analysis. The study revealed that profitability had a positive significant effect on capital structure of manufacturing and value-addition firms in Nairobi County (β=0.462, p=0.000). Liquidity had a positive significant effect on capital structure of manufacturing and value-addition firms in Nairobi County (β=0.317, p=0.000). Competitive parity had a zero insignificant effect on capital structure of manufacturing and value-addition firms in Nairobi County (β=0.050, p=0.401). Corporate taxes registered a positive significant relationship with capital structure of manufacturing and value-addition firms in Nairobi County (β=0.513. p=0.000). The overall regression analysis revealed that financing determinants have a statistically significant effect on capital structure of manufacturing and value-addition firms in Nairobi County (R-square= 0.644, p=0.000). The study recommends for an increase in the scope for future studies to cover the Kenyan manufacturing and value-addition sector as a whole.

Keywords: Profitability, Liquidity, Valued-Added, Corporate Taxes, Capital Structure.

Title: Effect of Financing Determinants on Capital Structure for Manufacturing and Value-Added Firms in Nairobi City County

Author: Duke Ooko Mose, Dr. Jane Queen Omwenga, Dr. Charles Weda

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 211-236

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 15-October-2022

Abstract: Conflict among communities and clans on East African countries' borders has been a concern over the years. Governments and international communities have worked hard to develop solutions to reduce tension and conflict among these communities. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effect of mediation in promoting peace among cross-border pastoralist communities between Kenya and Ethiopia. The study employed a descriptive survey design to investigate the root causes of the conflict and the influence of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. The target population was 137 pastoralists from the Cross-border between Kenya and Ethiopia from the two communities, the Turkana and Daasanach. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select the participants in terms of those who lost relatives, lost properties, those who were displaced, and those who sustained injuries. The sample size was calculated using Yamane's (1967) formula to calculate the sample size of 102 respondents. A structured questionnaire. The validity of the data collection instrument was ascertained via content validity. While reliability was verified by a pilot test conducted, and Cronbach alpha was calculated to measure the internal consistency of the results depicted by the instrument. Data collection was done through a process drop and pick method and a self-administered method. Raw data collected was inserted into excel software for cleaning and coding before further analysis. Data analysis was done using frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation. Findings were presented using tables. The study considered ethical issues like maintaining the privacy of the respondents by hiding their identity to avoid victimization. The results revealed that alternative dispute resolution depicted different impacts in promoting peace, and the highest effect was shown by negotiations, mediation, Arbitration, and collaboration, respectively (0.674, 0.508, 0.411, and 0.342). Further, the results from content analysis indicated that alternative dispute resolution should be employed since they depicted a positive influence in promoting peace in the region. The study concluded that alternative dispute resolution techniques positively impacted stability in the area. The study recommended that further research can be done in other sectors, both public and private, facing conflict issues. Moreover, the current study was done on peace resolution between Kenya and Somalia, which have been having disputes for years.

Keywords: Mediation, Dispute Resolution Mechanism, Peace promotion.

Title: EFFECT OF MEDIATION IN PROMOTING PEACE AMONG CROSS-BORDER PASTORALIST COMMUNITIES BETWEEN KENYA AND ETHIOPIA

Author: Mohamed Abdi Yussuf, Dr. Adan Jarso Golole

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 204-210

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 15-October-2022

Abstract: Body image is a complex concept that includes many factors such as generation, culture, subculture, country of origin, personal experience, and social expectation. In this day and age of instant gratification and accessibility of information technology, the issues that stem from body image are vast and deep, often leading to dangerous mental and physical health risks, like depression, anxiety, dysmorphia, and eating disorders. The common ideals that are accepted in society today have evolved from what was considered trendy in different eras, like how in the United States, they have phased from having healthy bodies to flat stomachs. In adolescence, teenagers experience a lot of natural physical change while also being exposed to content in social media, making it difficult to not experience body dissatisfaction. Athletes also experience poor body image because in their environment, they are always surrounded by pressure from their peers and mentors. There are many types of beauty standards in different countries and cultures, but they all lead to unhealthy and unnatural strategies in order to meet these standards. For example, China, South Korea, Russia, and Western culture have all established the similar standard that having a slimmer body type is what makes someone beautiful. Manipulating one’s negative mindset to be positive will be difficult, but some things to keep in mind while befriending one’s body is to try and avoid discouraging content on social media and unhealthful ways to lose weight, discuss struggles with friends or professionals, and learn how other people challenged and overcame their body dissatisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to explore all the consequences and risks of pursuing what we refer to as an “ideal body type” in an effort to reduce unhealthy standards and make our way to a more balanced and equitable future.

Keywords: body image, mental health, mental illness, body shaming, beauty standards.

Title: Psychological, Physical, and Physiological Risks of Pursuing the Ideal Body Type

Author: Yoonah Choi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 196-203

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 14-October-2022

Abstract: Universal basic income is a government program that provides every adult citizen a guaranteed set amount of money on a regular basis. UBI was first introduced by Thomas Paine, but gained media attraction during COVID-19 as a possible solution to the increasing poverty rate and to replace pre-existing social welfare programs that are in need of greater bureaucratic involvement. During his 2020 presidential campaign, former Democratic candidate Andrew Yang utilized UBI as the cornerstone of his campaign and claimed that the Freedom Dividend would provide money for citizens to cover basic necessities, leading to a division of opinions. Supporters of UBI believe that a guaranteed payment from the government could support individuals throughout economic transformations and individuals who have difficulties being qualified for other governmental programs. Those that oppose UBI believe that the program is unrealistic and would result in shrinking the size of other social programs, which many believed was unnecessary. It is strongly believed, however, that the implementation of UBI as a new policy would compensate individuals suffering within the United States’ broken welfare system and a new wave of automation. Overall, promoting the idea that Universal Basic Income is a likely solution to the feasibility of closing the wealth gap in the United States.

Keywords: UBI, universal basic income, welfare, economy, sociopolitics, government, money.

Title: Universal Basic Income and its Feasibility of Closing the Wealth Gap in the United States

Author: Chloe Mun

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 189-195

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 13-October-2022

Abstract: Even though universal health care stands out as a critical concept to the well-being of persons within the country, it is yet to be embraced to a good degree in Kenya with a number of aspects pointed out as barriers. The study sought to assess the influence of stakeholder participation on the implementation of the universal health care project in Kisumu County. The specific objectives of the study were to assess the influence of stakeholder identification on the implementation of universal healthcare project in Kisumu County, to establish the effect of stakeholder communication on the implementation of universal healthcare project in Kisumu County, to evaluate the influence of stakeholder engagement on the implementation of universal healthcare project in Kisumu County and to assess the effect of monitoring and evaluation on the implementation of universal healthcare project in Kisumu County. Descriptive research design was used in this study. In this study the target population consisted of 347 beneficiary households, 78 universal healthcare workers and 87 local leaders in Kisumu County. Slovin's Formula was employed to determine the sample size. The research used of simple random sampling to choose 225 respondents from the target population. The study used questionnaires to collect primary data. Quantitative as well as qualitative data was produced by the semi structured questionnaire. The data was then analyzed differently and using distinct techniques. Inferential and descriptive statistics employed so as to analyze data which is quantitative with the help of statistical software called Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22). The study results were presented through use of tables and figure. The study concludes that stakeholder identification has a positive and significant effect on the implementation of universal healthcare projects in Kisumu County. In addition, the study concludes that stakeholder communication has a positive and significant effect on the implementation of universal healthcare projects in Kisumu County. Further, the study concludes that stakeholder engagement has a positive and significant effect on the implementation of universal healthcare projects in Kisumu County. The study also concludes that monitoring and evaluation has a positive and significant effect on the implementation of universal healthcare projects in Kisumu County. From the results, this study recommends that Kisumu county government should ensure an effective framework is implemented to ensure stakeholder identification process entails stakeholder category, stakeholder interest and identification tools. In addition, Kisumu County government should ensure regular communication and effective flow on communication on the implementation of universal healthcare projects

Keywords: stakeholder participation, stakeholder identification, stakeholder communication, stakeholder engagement and stakeholder involvement.

Title: Stakeholder Participation and Implementation of Universal Healthcare Projects in Kisumu County, Kenya

Author: Mary Elizabeth Onyango, Dr Faith Ruguru

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 175-188

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 11-October-2022

Abstract: There have been numerous professional discussions on whether or not to adopt the use of learners’ own language in English language classes for best learning results since the spread of English as a primary language in various domains worldwide. Yet, lately, this hypothesis about using only English in class has been gradually investigated, and the use of own-language is still being examined. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on L1 use practices from the perspectives of teachers. The sample consists of one hundred and three English teachers in Istanbul in Turkey. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were the main methods used to collect quantitative and qualitative data on the research questions. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents agree with using L1 in language teaching and learning. Gender, age, qualifications, types of schools show some associations with the use and attitudes towards L1. Female, novice, graduated teachers in the public sector show more inclination towards the use of their own language as revealed by the one-way analysis of variance and the chi-square tests.  The findings of the current study suggest that L1 use practices occupy a larger space in English curricula.

Keywords: attitude, perceptions, own-language use, L2 maximisation, primary language.

Title: Exploring Teachers Perceptions of L1 Use in the English Language Classroom at Language Schools in Istanbul

Author: Maher ABOU ALBOURGOL

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022

Page No: 168-174

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 10-October-2022