Vol 14 Issue 2 April 2026-June 2026

Abstract: The aim of this study was to establish the effect of strategic direction setting on the performance of of Non-Governmental Organizations in Kajiado County, Kenya. The study explored the performance of NGOs in Kajiado county through the lenses of the three perspectives of the strategic direction setting, that is, articulation and communication of organizational vision, participation and periodic review of organizational strategy, and alignment of organizational resources and key performance. A descriptive research design was used while the target population was 150 respondents in strategic leadership positions in seven selected NGOs in Kajiado County. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data for the study. The collected primary data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS. The findings revealed that strategic direction setting had a significant positive effect on organizational performance, particularly in goal achievement, efficiency in project completion, and financial accountability. NGOs with clear strategic direction demonstrated better adaptability, stronger stakeholder confidence, and improved operational efficiency. The study concludes that strategic direction setting is essential in enhancing NGO sustainability and effectiveness in resource-constrained environments. The study recommends that NGOs institutionalize strategic planning processes, strengthen environmental scanning mechanisms, and align organizational resources with long-term strategic goals.

Keywords: Strategic direction setting, organizational performance, strategic leadership.

Title: STRATEGIC DIRECTION SETTING AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN KAJIADO COUNTY, KENYA

Author: DIANA PARMERES

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 59-68

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Published date: 29-May-2026

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of social media advertising on the purchasing intentions of Ghanaian consumers toward Kingsbite Chocolate, with a focus on the mediating role of brand perception. As social media rapidly transforms marketing practices in emerging economies like Ghana, understanding how digital advertisements influence consumer behavior in the local confectionery market is critical. Kingsbite Chocolate, a leading Ghanaian brand known for its authentic use of 100% Ghanaian cocoa, serves as the case study for exploring these dynamics. The research assesses key social media advertising dimensions-content quality, design appeal, advertisement frequency, and interactivity-and examines their direct effects on purchase intention as well as indirect effects through brand perception. Method: Employing a quantitative methodology using structured questionnaires administered to 359 active social media users in Ghana, the study applied regression and mediation analyses to test theoretical hypotheses rooted in the Theory of Planned Behavior and brand equity frameworks. Results: The findings indicate that while content quality, advertisement frequency, interactivity, and design appeal positively influence brand perception, only content quality, frequency, and interactivity have significant direct impacts on purchase intention. Brand perception significantly mediates the relationship between social media advertising and purchasing intentions, underscoring its critical role as a cognitive and emotional bridge in consumer decision-making. Among the advertising dimensions, interactivity emerged as the most influential factor in shaping both brand perception and purchase intention. Conclusion: The study highlights the effectiveness of Kingsbite Chocolate's social media campaigns in fostering engagement, trust, and cultural affinity, thus driving consumer loyalty within a competitive market shaped by economic, social, and cultural considerations. Practical implications emphasize the need for marketers to prioritize interactive and culturally resonant content to enhance brand perception and conversion rates. The research contributes valuable insights for digital marketing strategies tailored to emerging markets and supports Ghana's broader objectives of promoting local cocoa value addition and sustainable industry growth.

Keywords: Social media advertising; consumer purchase intention; brand perception; confectionery marketing; Ghanaian consumers.

Title: The Impact of Social Media Advertisement on the Ghanaian Consumers’ Purchasing Intention towards Kingsbite Chocolate: The Mediating Role of Brand Perception

Author: Ayivor Bernard, Afram Akwasi Michael, Ayivor Ebenezer

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 45-58

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Published date: 25-May-2026

Abstract: This study examines the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a catalyst for digital transformation in public health supply chains, with specific reference to the Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Supply Service (EPSS). The research investigates the level of AI awareness, digital readiness, governance support, and the perceived impact of AI adoption on supply chain performance within EPSS. A quantitative research approach was employed using structured questionnaires distributed to EPSS staff working in different functional areas, including warehouse operations, supply chain management, branch administration, and information technology. A total of 333 responses were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.

The findings reveal that AI technologies have significant potential to improve inventory management, demand forecasting, medicine tracking, distribution efficiency, and responsiveness to supply chain disruptions. However, the study also identified challenges related to digital infrastructure, staff technical capacity, organizational readiness, and data governance. The results further indicate that leadership support, staff training, and ethical compliance are critical factors influencing successful AI implementation in EPSS.

The study concludes that AI adoption can substantially enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of Ethiopia’s public health supply chain system and recommends strengthening digital infrastructure, policy frameworks, and capacity-building initiatives to support sustainable digital transformation.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Digital Transformation, Public Health Supply Chain, EPSS, Supply Chain Management, Ethiopia, Digital Readiness, Demand Forecasting.

Title: Artificial Intelligence as a Catalyst for Digital Transformation in Public Health Supply Chains: An Analysis of the Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Supply Service (EPSS)

Author: Dr. Tesfay Alemayeh Dagnew

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 42-44

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Published date: 13-May-2026

Abstract: Education policy reform in pre-service teacher education in Ghana seeks to enhance the quality of teachers via competency-based training, ICT integration, and better experiences in practicum programs. This research examined the experiences, challenges, and achievements regarding these educational reforms from the perspectives of teacher educators, administrators, and pre-service teachers. A qualitative exploratory research design was adopted for Colleges of Education in Ghana. The purposive sampling method was used to select participants who had experience with the educational reform process. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. A thematic analysis approach was applied to identify recurring themes in the responses of different stakeholders. Findings suggest that there were both positive and negative experiences. Teacher educators experienced an increase in workload and a lack of support. However, professional standards were positively affected. The administrators acknowledged improvement in quality assurance and physical infrastructure. However, lack of funds and inconsistent policies were cited among the challenges. Pre-service teachers had improved their pedagogic and ICT competencies. But challenges of ICT and high stress were observed. The identified challenges included limited resources, inadequate training, poor communication, supervision problems, and differences among regions.

Keywords: Policy reforms; pre-service teacher education; experiences of stakeholders; implementation challenges; Ghana.

Title: Policy Reform Implementation in Ghanaian pre-service Teacher Education: Experiences, Challenges, and Outcomes from Key Stakeholders’ Perspectives

Author: Arnold Amasiya Asanga, Rachael Awinebolom Asaah

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 26-41

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Published date: 08-May-2026

Amendment Date: 29-May-2026

Abstract: The present research aimed at investigating the impact of educational policies on pre-service teacher education in Ghana by specifically exploring how the introduction of reforms such as the 1987 Educational Reforms, Free Compulsory Universal Basic Education, Ghana Education Trust Fund, and National Teacher Standards has influenced the structure of the curriculum, pedagogical practices, adoption of ICTs, and institutional capacity. In the current study, the qualitative research methodologies were used, with the involvement of interviews, focus group discussions, and analysis of documents in the chosen colleges of education and universities. Based on the results derived, credit has to be given to reform policies, which have brought a lot of changes in teacher education. Competency-based curriculum, learner-centred pedagogies, ICTs integration, inclusion, extended practicum, and national teaching standards have marked teacher education. Adopted in teacher education methods include group work, inquire based learning, journal writing, micro-teaching and heavy use of ICT among others. The ICT adoption has helped to develop Pedagogical skills of pre-service teachers, although it has not been used consistently since access and provision of infrastructures to facilitate its use remains a problem. Institutional capacity results in disparities in assistance albeit through the Ghana Education Trust Fund and this is primarily blamed on disparities between the rural and urban.

Keywords: Educational policy reforms; pre-service teacher education; pedagogical practices; institutional capacity; Ghana.

Title: Assessing the Impact of Educational Policy Reforms on Pre-Service Teacher Education in Ghana: A Qualitative Inquiry

Author: Arnold Amasiya Asanga, Asaah Rachael Awinebolom

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 10-25

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Published date: 08-May-2026

Amendment Date: 29-May-2026

Abstract: The study's goal was to investigate how asset-liability management components, capital adequacy affected Tier II commercial banks' financial performance in Kenya from 2014 to 2023. The study's particular goals were to ascertain how capital adequacy affected the financial performance of Kenya's tier II commercial banks. Agency theory served as the study's guiding theory. A descriptive research design was used in the study. All eight of Kenya's Tier II commercial banks as of December 31, 2023, were included in the target population. The study made use of secondary data gathered from KBA reports, Central Bank of Kenya reports, and the audited and published financial statements of commercial banks since 2014. Data was analyzed using descriptive method inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis involved the use of means and standard deviation. Inferential analysis was done using correlation analysis and regression method. The analysis findings indicated that Capital adequacy had a positive and significant effect on ROE (β =.021, p =0.016<0.05), indicating that well-capitalized banks are better cushioned against shocks and sustain higher profitability. This highlighted the detrimental impact of inefficiencies, fraud, system failures, and weak internal controls on profitability. The study recommended tier II commercial banks to adopt proactive capital adequacy management techniques. The Central Bank of Kenya is recommended to continue enforcing capital adequacy requirements to improve resilience and safeguard financial stability.

Keywords: Asset-Liability Management, Capital Adequacy, Financial Performance, Tier II Commercial Banks in Kenya, Return on Equity.

Title: ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF TIER II COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

Author: Phelix Omondi Oywer, Dr. Joshua Matanda

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 1-9

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Published date: 07-May-2026