Vol 13 Issue 4 October 2025-December 2025

Abstract: Background: Alcoholism causes both neuropsychological and neuropathological harmful modifications in the brain. Despite the alcoholic content of palm wine (sap from Elaeis guineensis), it is still largely consumed; most times, to chronic levels. Aim: This study seeks to investigate the effect of the sub-acute administration of fermented Elaeis guineensis sap (palm wine) on the hippocampus of the brain using adult wistar rats. Methodology: Palm wine (Elaeis guineensis Sap) was diluted with 50% clean tap water, and allowed to ferment at room temperature for 24 hours before being administered to the rats. Twenty five (25) healthy male wistar rats (average weight of 200g) were divided into five groups (n=5). Group A served as the normal controls and received only distilled water daily. Palm wine treated groups received increasing volumes of fermented palm wine via oral routes in increasing progressions (1ml, 2ml, 4ml, and 8ml respectively). The experimental procedure lasted for 14 days. The rats were sacrificed under ketamine (100mg/ml) as anesthesia 24 hours after their last treatment. Their hippocampi were isolated from the carefully harvested brain tissues for histological analysis and stained with Cresyl Fast Violet and also Hematoxylin and Eosin. Results: Relative to the control groups which showed a normal histology, palm wine treated groups showed progressive dose-related injuries evidenced by neuronal/ nissl atrophies, fatty changes, vacuolation of neurons, distortion of hippocampal layers and focal areas of necrosis. The extent of damage was seen to increase as the animals received increased doses of the palm wine solution. Conclusions: Fermented palm wine administration displayed dose-dependent injurious effects on the histology of the hippocampus.

Keywords: Elaeis guineensis, Alcoholism, Hippocampus.

Title: EFFECTS OF SUB-ACUTE ADMINISTRATION OF FERMENTED ELAEIS GUINEENSIS SAP (PALM WINE) ON THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF ADULT WISTAR RATS

Author: Christian Chiemeka Ozor, Chike Ikechukwu Patrick Anibeze, Godson Emeka Anyanwu

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 32-39

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published date: 31-December-2025

Abstract: The Government of West Bengal in February, 2021 introduced Lakshmir Bhandar scheme, however disbursement of benefit was started since September, 2021. Under this scheme, presently, the government of West Bengal provides ₹ 1,200/- every month to women belongs to SC/ST households and ₹ 1,000/- per month to other beneficiaries for the empowerment of unemployed women in the age group of 25-60 years. To assess how far the scheme empowers Bengali unemployed women as well as improve their economic conditions we have surveyed some beneficiaries from different places of Howrah District of West Bengal. The study showed that the scheme prevents a large group of women from entitlement failure by providing a direct cash transfer to them. The prevention from entitlement failure surely implies women empowerment as entitlement failure is the main cause of disempowerment. So, the scheme is very successful for empowerment of Bengali women. The scheme provides some financial autonomy to the beneficiaries as well as enhances importance in the family. Economic empowerment is the most important type of empowerment among the different types of empowerments and plays a vital role for overall empowerment of women.

It is also estimated that LB scheme solely reduces poverty by 5.39%. Per capita per month contribution of the LB scheme is Rs. 350.68, which helps to uplift some of the families from BPL to APL. Therefore, the LB scheme successfully empowers women and reduces poverty in West Bengal.

Keywords: Lakshmir Bhandar Scheme, Women Empowerment, Poverty, Entitlement Failure, Public Distribution System.

Title: Women Empowerment through Lakshmir Bhandar Scheme in West Bengal

Author: Dr. Manas Ghose, Arup Ghosh

International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 1-31

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published date: 04-November-2025