Abstract: Agroforestry is increasingly recognized as an effective strategy for promoting environmental sustainability and improving the livelihoods of rural households through income diversification and enhanced resilience. This study assessed the impact of agroforestry diversification on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Nyanza District, Rwanda. Specifically, it examined the extent of agroforestry diversification, identified livelihood outcomes among smallholder households, and evaluated the relationship between agroforestry adoption and livelihood improvement. A mixed-methods research design was employed. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to 396 smallholder farmers selected from the sectors of Busasamana, Cyabakamyi, Nyagisozi, and Rwabicuma. Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with key informants, including agricultural extension officers and cooperative leaders. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 20, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The findings reveal that agroforestry diversification has a significant positive effect on household livelihoods. A strong positive correlation was established between agroforestry diversification and livelihood outcomes (r = 0.819, p < 0.01), indicating that increased adoption of diversified agroforestry practices is associated with improved household welfare. Respondents reported that agroforestry substantially increased income diversification (mean = 4.54), strengthened food security, and enhanced resilience to climate variability. The integration of trees with agricultural production enabled households to access multiple income sources while improving environmental sustainability and reducing vulnerability to climatic shocks. The study concludes that agroforestry diversification is an effective approach for improving the socio-economic well-being of rural households in Nyanza District. To maximize its benefits, the study recommends strengthening land tenure policies to encourage long-term investment in agroforestry, improving farmers' access to quality tree seedlings and technical extension services, and enhancing community participation in agroforestry initiatives. These measures are expected to promote sustainable rural development, increase household resilience, and contribute to national efforts toward climate-smart agriculture and poverty reduction.
Keywords: Agroforestry Diversification, Livelihoods, Nyanza District, Rwanda.
Title: Assessing the Impact of Agroforestry Diversification on Livelihoods in Nyanza District, Rwanda (Period: 2014-2024)
Author: UWAMAHORO Jeaninne, Dr. Aboubakar GASIRABO
International Journal of Life Sciences Research
ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)
Vol. 14, Issue 3, July 2026 - September 2026
Page No: 14-26
Research Publish Journals
Website: www.researchpublish.com
Published Date: 06-July-2026
