Experiment to evaluate the entrance surface dose delivered to the patient undertaking pelvic and abdominal X-ray examinations

Ali Jaafar Azeez, Adnan Hassoon Oraibi, Ali Hussein Abdulzahra, Tabarek Adil Mohsin, Hussien Abid Ali Mraity, Ali Abid Abojassim

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the radiation dose (X-ray examinations) received by adult patients (over 18 years of age) undergoing pelvic and abdominal X-ray examinations. The study was conducted at Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital, Al-Hakim General Hospital, and Al-Furat Al-Awsat Hospital. Private Medical Clinic (1) and Private Medical Clinic (2). At least 12-15 X-ray examinations were calculated for each type of radiological examination. The radiation dose was extracted using exposure factors, namely tube voltage (kVp), tube load (mAs), and focal skin distance (FSD-cm). The radiation dose was calculated for all patients involved in this work who underwent pelvic (AP) and abdominal (AP) examinations. The resulting data was analyzed using statistical analysis methods and compared to international reference values. radiation dose was evaluated using mathematical equation and knowledge of exposure factors (kVp, mAs and SID).

The results at Al-Hakim General Hospital showed that the lowest dose value for the pelvis was (1.96) 𝑚𝐺𝑦, while the highest value was (2.94) 𝑚𝐺𝑦. The lowest dose per abdominal rradiography was (1.29) 𝑚𝐺𝑦, and the highest dose value was (2.84) 𝑚𝐺𝑦.

The results at Al-Sadr General Hospital showed that the lowest dose value for the pelvis was (1.73) 𝑚𝐺𝑦, while the highest value was (3.55) 𝑚𝐺𝑦. The lowest dose for abdominal X-ray was (1.66) 𝑚𝐺𝑦, and the highest dose value was (3.47) 𝑚𝐺𝑦. At Al-Furat Middle General Hospital, the results showed that the lowest dose value for the pelvis was (1.79) 𝑚𝐺𝑦, while the highest value was (3.6) 𝑚𝐺𝑦, while the lowest dose with abdominal X-ray was (1.79) 𝑚𝐺𝑦, and the highest dose value was (3.17) 𝑚𝐺𝑦. Concerning the private medical clinic, the results showed that the lowest dose value for with pelvis was (2.98) 𝑚𝐺𝑦, while the highest value was (4.74) 𝑚𝐺𝑦. The lowest dose with abdominal skin was (2.4) 𝑚𝐺𝑦, and the highest dose value was (3.84) 𝑚𝐺𝑦. Regarding the private medical clinic (2) showed that the lowest dose value for the pelvis was (2.41) 𝑚𝐺𝑦, while the highest value was (3.61) 𝑚𝐺𝑦. The lowest dose for abdominal radiography was (1.55) 𝑚𝐺𝑦, and the highest dose value was (3.35) 𝑚𝐺𝑦. Finally, the results demonstrates that the radiation doses for each of X-ray examinations are generally within the reference level.