Vol 14 Issue 1 April 2026-September 2026

Abstract: Concrete foundations are among the most important elements used in stabilizing structures, as they transfer loads to the soil layer, ensuring the stability of the structure over long periods. However, this is influenced by numerous environmental and geotechnical factors, the most significant of which is groundwater, considered the most influential and problematic factor in foundation engineering.

According to recent studies, groundwater not only affects the physical properties of the soil but also influences chemical reactions within the concrete, negatively impacting its mechanical properties over time.

Keywords: groundwater, Concrete foundations, stabilizing structures, geotechnical factors.

Title: The effect of groundwater on concrete foundations

Author: Jumah Eid BinObaid, MESHAL ALBZAIE

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 7-11

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 23-April-2026

Abstract: Cement is a fundamental building material used in concrete production to bind various components such as sand and gravel. It is characterized by its ability to react with water to form a solid material that gives structures strength and rigidity. Various types of cement are used in different applications depending on the required properties, such as ordinary cement, sulfate-resistant cement, and others. With technological advancements, it has become possible to produce new types of cement that contribute to reducing environmental impacts and improving performance. This research will review the definition of cement, its types, components, manufacturing methods, the challenges facing the industry, and future innovations that may contribute to its development.

Keywords: future innovations, cement industry, fundamental building material.

Title: Future challenges and innovations in the cement industry

Author: Jumah Eid BinObaid, MESHAL ALBZAIE

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 1-6

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 23-April-2026