Vol 2 Issue 2 October 2014-March 2015

Abstract: The increasing awareness of glass recycling speeds up inspections on the use of waste glass with different forms in various fields. One of its significant contributions is to the construction field where the waste glass was reused for value-added concrete production. By adding glass aggregate we can reduce the waste and lower the construction cost and helping the environment. When adding colour to the concrete , the concrete gets an aesthetic appearance and also further finishing works likes painting can be avoided. Through this project we are aiming to make a garden chair using coloured  concrete with glass aggregate.

Keywords: Mix design, Recycled glass, Compressive strength, Colour pigment.

Title: Decorative concrete using recycled glass aggregate

Author: Aswathy KM, Prathibha V, Rinu Issac, Rita Rose Jacob

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: There is a huge growing requirement of building materials in India due to the existing housing shortage. To meet this challenge, India requires innovative, energy efficient building materials for strong and durable housing in fast track method of construction at affordable cost. Rapid wall is an alternative building material to replace bricks or concrete blocks. This study deals with the physical properties of GFRG Panel and finding out the suitable filler materials to strengthen it. Various experiments were conducted on the physical characteristics of GFRG panels. From the results obtained, variations in the compressive strength with different filler materials were noted. This paper concludes with selection of the filler materials to improve the strength of GFRG panels in a cost effective way.  Besides this, certain methods to overcome its drawbacks are also discussed.

Keywords: GFRG Panel, Remedies.

Title: Study of GFRG Panel and Its Strengthening

Author: Eldhose M Manjummekudiyil, Basil P Alias, Biji K Eldhose, Sarath Rajan, Thasneem Hussain

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Project management has an increasingly important role in the current construction field. In a construction project, a project manager aims to finish on time, within budget and according to the specifications and quality standards. Moreover, the priority is for a satisfied client. Need for analytical and quantitative tools have become significant with increasing demand for cost effectiveness and quality. Earned Value Management (EVM) is a management tool that has the potential to integrate cost, schedule and technical performance. The present work is an attempt to study the effectiveness of EVM in the control of a big construction project.

Keywords:  Earned value, Earn Value Management, Project Management

Title: Earned Value Management as a Project Management Tool

Author: Ashif A R, Basil Paul, Charly Ouseph, Johns Abraham, Jeevan Jacob

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Travel behavior of the people plays an important role in transportation planning in an urban environment. The behavioral inadequacy of the trip-based approach, and the consequent limitations of the approach in evaluating demand management policies, has led to the emergence of the activity-based approach. This study is conducted in Aluva Corporation areas and method used to collect data was household surveys. The details of activities in one working day and one non working day of households are taken. The data obtained from survey has analyzed. NLOGIT 4.0 software has been used for building the mode choice model.

Keywords: Activity Based Approach, Mode Choice, Multinomial Logit Model, NLOGIT.

Title: Mode Choice Analysis for Working and Non-Working Days of Aluva Town

Author: Soosan George T, Krishnapriya MG, Babitha K, Eldhose C Zacharia, Najila TK, Ramseena Kathir, Seyon Joseph

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Water is a basic element of social and economic infrastructure and is essential for healthy society and sustainable development.  Due to rapid increase in density of population, fast urbanization, industrialization and agricultural use, the demand of water is increasing day by day.  As a result, surface water and ground water level is decreasing. Pollution and increased demand have made good quality water scarcer and expensive.  Groundwater is the favourite alternative and is facing threats due to anthropogenic activities, which has lead to deterioration in ground water quality.  The possibility of ground water contamination is due to the mixing up of toxic chemicals, fertilizers, waste disposed from industrial sites etc.  Hence monitoring of ground water quality has become indispensable.  GIS not only facilitates data capture and processing but also serve as powerful computational tools that facilitate multimap integrations.  In this project ground water quality analysis was carried out for Chavara Taluk in Kollam District. It was reported that groundwater and surface water around the study area was affected due to effluents from the industry. Water samples were collected from all around the taluk, and the strategically analysed results will be presented in a GIS based water quality mapping suggesting remedial measures for the study area.

Keywords: GIS, Ground water, Mapping, Water Quality.

Title: Study of Ground Water Pollution around an Industry Using GIS

Author: Geeja K George, AkhilaSree D G, Lakshmi Chandran M, Reshma P R, Gintai Siga

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The dairy industry involves processing raw milk into products including milk, butter, cheese, yogurt, using processes such as chilling, pasteurization, and homogenization. This paper consequently focuses on how the various constituents of waste water vary with aeration. Diffused fine bubble aeration was done in a circular tank at various flow rates (1.5 l/min., 3 l/min., 4 l/min.) at a detention period of 24hrs.3  l/min. was found to be optimum rate of flow at an optimum time period of 72hrs with a reduction of 88% ,90.37% and  70% in COD, BOD and Turbidity  respectively. Treatment using natural coagulant Moringa oleifera (MO) was also carried out at optimum air rate and optimum time period. Optimum reduction in turbidity was obtained as 76.67%. 6gm/l MO was found to be optimum dosage.

Keywords: Dairy waste water, Aeration, Moringa oleifera, Optimum dosage.

Title: Treatment of Dairy Waste

Author:  Neena Sunny, Fathima Shukkoor, Fathimath Nuzrin N R, Muhsina Moideen, Nehla Moideen

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Concrete is very important construction material. The main composition of concrete is cement (OPC), coarse aggregate (blasted rubble), fine aggregate (sand) and water. This study aims to introduce a low cost admixture which is a waste product from paper industry which are disposed to water resources and causing serious environmental problems .So, by incorporating PBL to concrete pollution can be reduced and the properties of concrete can be improved. Here we are trying to study the effect of pulp black liquor (PBL) as an admixture in concrete. The investigation is made by using the pulp black liquor from Hindustan Newsprint Limited Vellore (HNL) .The properties of pulp black liquor and its performance on concrete with three different design mixes and setting times of cement (OPC) were observed. The  results shows that pulp black liquor increases the strength of concrete, improves compaction, reduces honey combing and retards the initial setting time and final setting time of concrete.

Keywords:  PBL, OPC, HNL, Admixture

Title:  Utilisation of Pulp Black Liquor as   an Admixture in Concrete,

Author:  Paul Shaji, Anagha K J, Anju R Paithackal, Aswathy K P, Sukanya K S

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Sustainability is a wide growing concept in the present scenario. As the cost of the construction industries is rocketing up along with the deterioration of the environment, construction techniques which are eco-friendly and economic are started to be practiced. Cutting down the amount of cement could reduce both the cost as well as the pollution. It is tried to introduce this concept into blocks, specifically earth block using phosphogypsum. Phosphogypsum refers to the gypsum formed as a by-product of processing phosphate ore into fertilizer with sulphuric acid. In its natural state phosphogypsum is radioactive due to the presence of naturally occurring uranium and radium. By the long term exposure to atmosphere, the radioactivity of phosphogypsum can be gradually reduced.   In this work, four different combinations of cement and phosphogypsum were used in stabilizing blocks. The percentage addition of stabiliser to earth block is limited to about 15-18%. It is observed that the combination of cement and phosphogypsum is more effective than using cement alone in making earth blocks.

Keywords: Sustainability, Phosphogypsum, Stabilisation.

Title: Sustainable Earth Block Using Phosphogypsum

Author: Anju EC, Aswathy MR, Chaithra J Sing, Dhanya Daniel, Anniamma Chacko

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Modern day construction prefers prestressed girders over conventional RCC for long span bridge construction. This paper deals with the design of railway over bridge at Kumaranellur, Kerala. The bridge connects MC road and Kumaranellur temple road. The bridge has an overall length of 312m with a width of 12m and longest span of 33m. The major goal of this is to validate and recommend details for the design of durable and constructible details to achieve structural continuity between the standard precast, prestressed concrete girders for this proposed bridge. Along with it, this paper will be dealing with the design of the pier.

Keywords:  Prestressed bridge design, I girder, cross beam, end block, pier.

Title: Analysis And Design Of Railway Over Bridge At Kumaranellur

Author: Prof. Ancy Joseph, Elsa Babu, Karthika Babu, Lakshmi G, Meera R Krishna

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The utilization of industrial bi-products such as fly ash is of increasing importance as an option for stabilizing contaminated sites due to its pozzolanic nature and also in view of minimising the environmental impact. The experimental programme was carried out in the present study to know the efficacy of fly ash as stabilizing agent at different percentages 20%, 40% and 60% (w/w) on the geotechnical properties of diesel Contaminated Soil (CS). The soil considered in the present work was locally available sandy soil and the common petroleum hydrocarbon diesel engine oil was selected as contaminant. Laboratory studies were conducted on uncontaminated (VS) and soil contaminated to degree of contamination (12% expressed as a dry weight of soil v/w) to compare the geotechnical characteristics before and after contamination. The results show that the consistency limits are affected marginally due to contamination. The compaction characteristics of stabilized soils were observed to be not uniform with increase in fly ash addition. The CBR value of the soil decreased with addition of contaminant and it regain marginally with addition of fly ash.

Keywords: Contaminated soil, Fly ash, Pozzolanic nature, Stabilization.

Title: Stabilization of Diesel Oil Contaminated Soil Using Fly Ash

Author: Dr. Solly George, Aswathy EA, Berlin Sabu, Krishnaprabha NP, Maria George

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Soil contamination by engine oil causes huge damage to the environment. This basically takes place due to oil exploration, transportation, production and processing, leakage of diesel products from oil tankers, spills due to vehicular accidents, from buried pipelines etc. The hydrocarbons present in the oil influences the quality and physical properties of oil contaminated soil. These hydrocarbons infiltrate into the soil through pore spaces and collect at the top of the ground level. Some major tasks need to be performed for remediation and reclamation of contaminated area. For this knowledge of the geotechnical properties and behavior of contaminated soils is required. This study aimed to investigate the geotechnical properties of engine oil-contaminated sandy soil. The amount of oil added to soil was varied at 0%, 4%, 8% and 12% of the dried weight of samples. Results showed that the oil contamination decreased the liquid limit, plastic limit. The MDD value was found to be decreasing whereas value of OMC was increasing as a result of increasing amount of added oil into the soil. This indicates that the addition of oil has adverse effects to the geotechnical properties of the studied soil. This affects the safety of civil engineering structures. The results from the study will be used for geotechnical purposes and will benefit engineers for the safe and economic construction of structures on contaminated land.

Keywords: Soil contamination, Remediation, Reclamation, Geotechnical Properties.

Title: Study on Geotechnical Properties of Diesel Oil Contaminated Soil

Author: Dr. Solly George, Aswathy EA, Berlin Sabu, Krishnaprabha NP, Maria George

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The vast majority of existing RC structures have not been designed according to modern seismic codes. These structures are very likely to experience brittle types of shear failure with grave consequences during a major seismic event. Therefore, a complete and reliable seismic assessment of these structures needs to be carried out. It is only after the seismic assessment of buildings that effective earthquake resistant parameters can be suggested expected future earthquakes. In other words knowing the extent of expected structural damage reliable measures could be suggested.

Moreover, it is well known that shear walls are very important in providing resistance and stiffness against the horizontal loading induced by earthquake motions. Many buildings have been able to withstand severe earthquakes successfully due to the contribution of shear walls. To account for this, the effect of shear walls on the damage indices and hence on the degree of damage is also quantified. Furthermore, the location of shear walls in a building is said to considerably affect their effectiveness and hence the needs to be addressed.

Program consisted of testing of eight 8-STOREY frames using IDARC software. Frames were designed considering two parameters: reinforcement detailing and the presence of SHEAR walls. Frames were subjected to inelastic dynamic analysis with increasing intensity of ground acceleration. The study is conducted on the same frame by organizing the SHEAR walls at different positions.

Title: The Effect of Change in the Seismic Stability of Tall RC Buildings by Changing the Position of Shear Walls

Author: WASEEM RAJA GANAI

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Self- Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a special type of concrete that is able to flow and compact under its own weight and can occupy all the spaces in the form without any vibration effect and at the same time cohesive enough to be handled without bleeding or segregation. SCC is a highly flowable concrete which is able to fill the formwork with admixtures such as Fly Ash (FA), Silica Fume (SF), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS), and Metkaolin (MK) etc. There are no standard mix design procedures available for SCC. In the present work, Normal Vibrated Concrete (NVC) and SCC were developed for M30 grade. NVC is designed by using IS code method and SCC is designed by using Nan Su method. Study of SCC with and without mineral admixtures such as SF and FA was made separately at different percentages as 10%, 20%, and 30% respectively by using appropriate dosage of super plasticizers (SP) and viscosity modifying agent (VMA).The workability properties of SCC such as filling ability, passing ability and segregation resistance are evaluated using workability tests such as slump flow, V-funnel and L-Box tests.  Strength properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of NVC and SCC were also studied.

Keywords: The Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), Normal Vibrated Concrete (NVC), Fly Ash (FA), Silica Fume (SF), super plasticizers (SP).

Title: A Comparative Study on Mechanical Properties of Normal Vibrated Concrete and Self Compacting Concrete

Author: Asha Deepthi. Deva, Gopala Krishna Sastry. K. V. S

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Earthquakes have occurred regularly over centuries in Kashmir and people have learnt to live with it. Two old construction systems known as taq and dhajji-dewari exist here side-by-side and both have tested quake-resistant features. The recorded cultural history of Kashmir dates back 3,000 years. The oldest known remains of monumental buildings are the earthquake-damaged ruins of early Hindu and Buddhist temples built of large blocks of stone. Later medieval structures, some of them religious buildings constructed by the Muslim community, were made of a more economical and lightweight combination of mud, stone and brick, well tied together with timber. This construction system with its use of masonry laced together with timber, which is mentioned in texts from the 12th century, was the beginning of the urban architecture in the Vale of Kashmir as we know it today. In our time, Srinagar and other cities and villages in Kashmir are distinguished not only by their great monuments, but first and foremost by their vernacular residential architecture. It is an architecture generated out of a distinctive use of materials and way of building which are adapted to the local climate, culture and natural environment, principally the soft soils and the earthquake risk in the region. At the beginning of the 19th century the systems evolved to become the two main traditional construction systems: taq (timber-laced masonry) and dhajji dewari (timber frame with masonry infill). In Pakistan, timber-laced masonry is known by the Pashto word bhatar. This remarkable vernacular architectural heritage of Kashmir is, however, under threat and is rapidly being lost, especially now, following the earthquake of 2005. Its inherent qualities and great architectural expression, together with its unique construction, are insufficiently recognized or considered important by the citizenry today. Thus this architecture is rapidly being displaced by non-indigenous reinforced concrete buildings, many of which are constructed in a way that has proven to be particularly dangerous in earthquakes, as was demonstrated in 2005. This paper would breakdown the false narrative of traditional construction taq and dhajji-dewari as absolute, insubstantial and symbolic of poverty. Infact paper would argue the taq and dhajji –dewari constructions are not just old buildings waiting to be scrapped and replaced, with a few worth setting aside in a theme park or museum: they are buildings that embody distinctly modern construction features – features that can save lives once they are fully researched, understood and embraced.

Title: Traditional Earthquake Resistant Systems of Kashmir

Author: Mohd Akeeb Dar, Sajad Ahmad

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Clay waste products have in the past been disposed by either land dumping or filling depressions on roads. The scenario is common among the manufacturing industries.  Clay waste products chips when crushed to the required nominal sizes such as 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 40mm etc. provide a rough and irregular surface which aids in bonding of cement paste and the aggregate. Therefore the bond strength of concrete is likely to be increased when these aggregates are used.

Keywords: Clay waste, Strength, workability.                                

Title: Study on Strength of M25 Concrete by Partial Replacement of Aggregate with Clay Waste Products

Author: Amit Goyal, Sanjay Poswal

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607

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