Vol 4 Issue 4 October 2016-December 2016

Abstract: As PSK modulation techniques are power and bandwidth efficient, it is the mostly preferred and popular modulation scheme in wireless communications. This paper deals with the design and implementation of selectable M-PSK modulators viz. BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16PSK and 32PSK on Spartan-3AN FPGA device using Xilinx System Generator and VHDL. The communication channel also includes channel encoding like CCITT Scrambler (V.35), Differential encoder, Convolutional encoder (K=7, rate=1/2) for error control. The prime objective is to study the bandwidth efficiency of modulated signal as the modulation index increases. Also, the ease and versatility of FPGA device is also studied in terms of flexibility to change the design parameters like data rate, carrier frequency etc before the design is implemented. Keywords: QPSK, BPSK, RRC, FPGA, M-PSK, symbol rate. Title: FPGA Design and Implementation of Selectable M-PSK Modulators Author: Shahana K, K.S.Parikh International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Liquid-liquid extraction is a unit operation and it is a process of transferring a solute from one liquid phase to another immiscible or partially miscible liquid in contact with the first. The liquid- liquid extraction of O-Cresol and Water mixture (38.1% O- Cresol, 61.9% water) is carried out by using Ethylene Dichloride as a solvent. Liquid-liquid extraction is a method to achieve high recovery of solute with good selectivity in recovery of O-cresol from O-cresol and water mixture. The liquid- liquid extraction efficiency is calculated in terms of KD and degree of extraction. In liquid-liquid extraction, chemical equilibrium experiments are carried to calculate the number of stages required to recover high purity and yield of O-Cresol by using Ethylene Dichloride. It was found that the rate of extraction increase with increases in the solvent to feed ratio. By using this process 99% pure O-Cresol from the bottom of distillation column can be obtained.This O-cresol can be used as a raw material for producing DMBPC & this will also helpful in minimizing water pollution & Also energy conservation. Keywords: Liquid-liquid counter current Extraction, Distribution Coefficient (KD), Degree of extraction (%E), O-Cresol, Ethylene Dichloride, Water. Title: Liquid-Liquid Extraction of O-Cresol from O-Cresol and Water Mixture by Using Ethylene Dichloride as an Extractant Author: Suresh A Hattale International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper is about the prediction of TBP, EFV distillation data from ASTM distillation data by using semi-empirical model. The correlation of these data is done by designing of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Furthermore, the designed ANN could be used for determining the percentage of kerosene in blend of petrol and kerosene. Keywords: prediction of TBP, EFV data, semi-empirical model, Artificial Neural Network, adulteration of kerosene in petrol. Title: Prediction of TBP, EFV Distillation Data from ASTM Data by Using Semi-Empirical Model & Correlation of These Data by Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Author: J S joshi, S. A. Puranic International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Fibre characteristics of paper and paper egg tray (locally manufactured and imported brands) used in Southwestern Nigeria was investigated. 14 different brands of paper and paperboard were selected to cover the available varieties of paper and paperboard for egg tray production. Paper samples were obtained from identified paper egg tray producing establishments, printing press and other sources in the region. A total of 9 paper egg tray brands of local and imported categories were also obtained for characterization based on users’ recommendation. 25mm by 25mm of each test specimen was put in test tube containing warm water of 50ºc, for 24 hours. Representative samples of separated fibres in the suspension were mounted on slides and measured under a Ritchert Light Microscope x80 magnification. Twenty (20) representative fibres were selected and measured in order to keep error below 5% for a 95% confidence level. Results obtained showed that sample papers and boards were made of heterogeneous fibrous materials; and their fibre quality compromised. Local paper egg trays were made of comparatively lower fibre quality. Keywords: Fibre characteristics, paper, paperboard, paper egg tray. Title: Fibre Characteristics of Paper and Paper Egg Tray Used In Southwestern Nigeria Author: Amoo K., Onilude M.A, Omoniyi T.E. International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Large quantities of mill residues which are generated annually in Nigeria constitute environment health hazard. Briquetting of these residues is a major way of converting them to a higher quality alternative solid fuel. The present study was undertaken to assess quality briquettes produced from Gmelina arborea sawdust and Tick sawdust from Sango Sawmill, Ibadan in Oyo State Nigeria. Briquetting of the mill residues was carried out by using a hydraulic press briquetting machine at a pressure compression level of 1.5MPa and starch binder concentration of 1.5Mpa and 1.18mm particle size of the sawdust feedstock. The mechanical properties assessed for both species of sawdust include bulk density, moisture content, durability, and compressive strength. Chemical properties such as carbon content and ash content were also assed using standard methods. Starch was used as a binder at 30% (w/w) concentration for Gmelina and Tick briquettes. The results showed that the briquettes produced from Tick sawdust has higher bulk density, ash content and higher percentage carbon content while that of Gmelina sawdust has higher moisture content, compressive strength, and durability. Starch was suitable for binder for the production of briquettes from Gmelina sawdust and Tick sawdust. However, Gmelina arborea sawdust briquettes were stronger and more durable than Tick sawdust briquettes. Therefore these two abundant and cheap mill residues can be used as an alternative energy source in Ibadan and Southwestern region of Nigeria in particular. Keywords: Briquettes, Comparative Evaluation, Gmelina sawdust, Tick sawdust. Title: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BRIQUETTE PRODUCED FROM TICK AND GMELINA SAWDUST Author: Taiwo I. Oyedemi, David B. Oke, Adewumi I. Abioye, Emmanuel Ekundayo International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Flow assurance is of great importance in the oil and gas industry, where the main objective is to provide and secure the transport of the well stream fluid from the reservoir to the process facilities. A root cause of many oil industry production and flow problem is paraffin wax especially in cold and deep offshore fields. About 85% of the world’s oil suffers when paraffin wax precipitates out and solidifies in the formation pores and fluid flow channels, at the wellbore, on the side walls of wells, in tubing, casing perforations, pump strings, and rods, and the complete oil transfer system of flowlines and pipelines etc. Paraffin wax deposition is costly, causing decreased production, equipment failures, bottlenecks, loss of storage and transport capacity, clogging of refinery pipe work, and loss of efficiency and revenue. In this article, different methodology for remediating wax deposits both in offshore and deep water is presented; focusing on chemical treatment techniques, mechanical treatment techniques, thermal treatment techniques, thermo-chemical and biological methods, Keywords: Wax, Chemical, Treatment, Well, Deposition, Formation, Remediation, Pipeline. Title: MITIGATION OF WAX IN OIL PIPELINES Author: Surya Tejasvi THOTA, Chukwuemeka Christopher ONYEANUNA International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The impact of growing telecommunications infrastructure shows for the most advanced economics and to grow faster economies. Myanmar government has recently permitted two new mobile tele-communications licenses to international mobile operators, Ooredoo and Telenor, for bringing competition and effectiveness to get the communications services with the affordable prices from the people. The aims of this paper presents the analysis of effective on Human Resource Management in Telenor Myanmar with the five factors such as staffing, human resource development, compensation, safety and health, employee and lobar relations. This study used quantitative methods for exploring the research questions from answers of 104 employees’ samples and described with frequency, the descriptive statistic and hypothesis testing with the correlation coefficient of Pearson Method. The findings of the study illustrated that the most employees are males 61.5%, the age between 18 and 25 years old 45.2%, single 69.2%, master education level 65.4% and 34.6% are working since one year ago. The relationships at the staffing factor between hiring quality employees and the preparing for laying off cases of professional employees, the relationships at the factor of the training and development of human resources development between improving of job performance and selection of training, improving of job performance and the relevant training with jobs, selection for training and the relevant training with jobs, selection for the training and the length of training courses, the length of training courses and the relevant training with jobs, relationships at the factor of compensation and benefits of Telenor Myanmar between salary design and negotiations of attractive compensation, negotiations of attractive compensation and surveying and review system, relationship at the factor of employee and labor relations between management system and promoting of communication method, promoting of communication method and labor management strategy have no significantly relationships. The others variables have positively relationship each other. Telenor Myanmar needs to attract the right talent for professional development and training and in fostering unique culture that is built around Myanmar people. Telenor Myanmar should take pride in knowing that its employees can share in passion and dedication to play an important role in the development of state-of- the-art telecom infrastructure for the country, as well as provide innovative mobile communication services that will empower society and enrich the lives of millions of people across Myanmar. Keywords: Staffing, Selection, Training and development, Compensation, Health. Title: The Analysis of Effective Human Resources Management in Telenor Myanmar Author: Tezadhamma International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Clothing choice forms an important and central part of everyday consumption decisions and of all daily events. The clothing industry is completely driven by constant ideas and new inspirations that sometimes influence designs repetition with minor changes. Young female consumers play an important role in the market place as they exert enormous influence over the allocation of spending power across a growing number of product categories including clothing. According to O'Cass (2000), females are more involved in fashion clothing than males; however, the younger generation of women and men are more involved in fashion buying than older consumers. Cultural values and social notions of decency and morality of every society also influence societal clothing patterns and styles. In the selection of clothing, two main factors, namely, social and psychological factors have been found to influence most consumers. This study therefore investigates the influence of social and psychological factors on the selection of clothing among female students of Kumasi Polytechnic. The study engaged qualitative research design and descriptive survey method. The population for the study was all female students in the polytechnic in the 2014/2015 academic year with a sample size of 200 students. Questionnaire was used for the data collection and the study employed the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 for percentage and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. The results of the study indicate that the female students acquired their clothing information from the media, peers, family members, fashion leaders, store displays and sales persons. The strongest social and psychological factors that influenced the selection of clothing among female students were found to be the media and body image. Again the results revealed that fit and colour were among the most important attributes of clothing considered by the female students. It is recommended that as much as female students would want to dress like their role models and peers, they should be guided by teachers, parents and fashion experts to adopt clothing behaviours that conform to the societal values and Ghanaian cultural modesty in clothing standards. Keywords: Clothing, Psychological factors, Influence, Social factors, Selection. Title: The Influence of Social and Psychological Factors on the Selection of Clothing among Female Students of Kumasi Polytechnic, Ghana Author: Thomas Obeng Asare, Abdul-Fatahi Ibrahim, Asare Daniel Kwesi International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The increase in student enrollments in Tanzanian universities has resulted in most of the students living off campuses. The dependency on loans from the government makes it difficult for most of these off campus students to meet accommodation costs and transportation fares in a city that is facing the extreme traffic congestion and increase of commercial motorcycle crashes. Thus, the need for cheap yet effective alternative mode of transport arose. Bike-share system is one of the best transportation modes that could suit the situation. This study analyzed the survey questionnaire results from major six universities located in Dar es Salaam to explore the demand, opportunities and challenges for bike-share system as an alternative mode of transportation. It was revealed that the demand for bike-share system was moderate. Among 604 respondents, 35%, 41% and 36% were likely to use bike-share system for commuting, intra-campus and off-campus movement respectively if the system could be made available. Ordered model revealed that campus size, male students, time saving and reduction of walking trips motives, and students who plan to use the bike-share for going to classes were associated with reporting “likely” to use bike-share systems on the other hand fear for traffic crashes, perception that biking is tiresome transport and theft/robbery problem were the main barriers for bike-share system. Keywords: Campus Bike-share systems, ordered probit model. Title: Exploring the Prospects and Barriers for Campus Bike-share Systems for Universities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Author: Boniphace Kutela, Himidi Katwe International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Myocardial Perfusion is visualized in Short Axis (SA), Horizontal Long Axis (HLA), and Vertical Long Axis (VLA) slices of Left Ventricle (LV). Filtered Back Projection (FBP) is used as an image reconstruction algorithm in SPECT study. The choice of appropriate filter is a trade-off between image smoothness and sharpness of reconstructed images. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of several filters including Butterworth, Generalized Hanning, Shepp Logan, Parzen filters with varying filter parameters (cut-off and order). Our finding is that Butterworth filter at cut-off 0.40 Nyquist, Parzen filter at cut-off 0.80 Nyquist, Hanning filter at 0.70 Nyquist and Shepp Logan filter at 0.50 Nyquist produce better image quality. For easier and more objective assessment of Myocardial Perfusion, Polar Plot display is introduced that represents tomographic slices in a single image (2D display) where information contained in the Short Axis slices of the Left Ventricle. Keywords: SPECT, Myocardial Perfusion, HLA, VLA, FBP, Polar Plot display. Title: Effects of Various Filter Parameters on the Myocardial Perfusion with Polar Plot Image Author: Saiful Islam, Rifat Reza, Md.Mahmudul Hasan, Nayan Das Mishu, Khondoker Murad Hossain, Zahid Hasan Mahmood International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals