Vol 7 Issue 1 April 2019-September 2019

Abstract: This is a retrospective study of 316 cases of prostatic diseases investigated at the department of histopathology, Federal Medical Center, Owerri , from 2012-2014.Retrieved data included age, PSA, and DRE findings. Mean age of patients was 70.6 years, while that of PSA findings was 37.9ng/ml.43% of the cases was positive for Pca with mean of age and PSA respectively 71.6 years and 51.2ng/ml.BPH was demonstrated in 44.6% with mean of age and PSA respectively 69.5 years and 29ng/ml.5.6% of the abnormal DRE have PSA values below the threshold-4ng/ml ,while the rest was above 4ng/ml. Only a single case of prostatic carcinoma was detected with PSA below 4ng/ml. The peak age of incidence of both BPH and Pca, together with abnormal DRE and PSA, all have highest frequency at 71-80th decade of life. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of PSA were 98.4%, 14.2% and 47.4% respectively, while that of DRE were 39.4%,57.2%, 41.3% accordingly. Prostatic neoplasm, commonly existing at 7^th to 8^th decade of life, can be investigated with the synergistic support of PSA and DRE. While PSA in the study was comparatively impressive in performance, deployment of trained personnel will engender improvement in DRE. 

Keywords: Digital Rectal Examination, Prostate Specific Antigen, Hyperplasia, Carcinoma.

Title: Diagnostic Performance of DRE& PSA in Prostatic Disease Investigations: An Experience at Federal Medical Center, Owerri

Author: Bernard Kafor, Kingsley Anochiwa, Godfrey Nnadi.

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The early loss of deciduous teeth is a big challenge in low income countries. Many appliances have been proposed in order to maintain space however; the use of these appliances requires impressions, models, bands and an orthodontic laboratory. So, a simple and fast made space maintainer is needed.

Methods: To prepare this new space maintainer, a stainless steel rectangular wire (0.75 mm*1.5 mm) (Figure 1) and a composite (flow composite, restoration composite or orthodontic composite) are required. The wire is prepared to look like a big U loop and soldered with the composite to a posterior tooth.

Results: This new space maintainer was really efficient in achieving interception goals and maintaining space for permanent teeth. It was simple to use by the practitioner at the office. It was also comfortable for the patient.

Discussion: This paper aims to present a new space maintainer with a simple use, without orthodontic laboratory need. Many space maintainers have been presented in the scientific papers but this is a different one because it is a hybrid maintainer (metal and composite).

Conclusion: The new “Space Maintainer” can be an advantageous appliance for the orthodontists, pedodontists and general dentists.

Keywords: Space maintainer, Deciduous teeth, Low income countries, Hybrid.

Title: New space maintainer for children in low income countries

Author: Fouzi BOUKHAZANI

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The aging process causes decreasing function in most of the physiological system reserves and increasing susceptibility to various diseases and deaths. With the growing of vulnerable bodies to various diseases which can cause death, specifically in the cardiovascular system, such as hypertension. Hypertension is influenced by various risk factors, one of which is smoking. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between smoking and the incidence of hypertension in elderly at Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Wana Seraya. This research is an analytic study with cross- sectional approach conducted at Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Wana Seraya. The sampling method is done by total sampling and 28 are obtained. The study samples are residents at Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Wana Seraya with criteria of age ≥60 years old and are willing to sign informed consent and blood- pressure can be measured. Smoking habit is determined by questionnaires for respondents data and smoking habit characteristics, while hypertension is determined through blood pressure measurements using mercury sphygmomanometer. The results of statistical test using Spearman correlation test show that there is no significant association between smoking habits and the incidence of hypertension based on the types of passive smokers (p= 0,382), active smokers (p= 0,642) and the degree of mild smokers (p = 0,513). In this study, there is no correlation between smoking and the incidence of hypertension in elderly at Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Wana Seraya which is affected by smoking habits and degree of smokers.

Keywords: smoking, hypertension, elderly, risk factors.

Title: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SMOKING AND HYPERTENSION AMONG ELDERLY IN PANTI SOSIAL TRESNA WERDHA WANA SERAYA

Author: Gracia Gisela, Ida Bagus Putrawan, Ni Ketut Rai Purnami

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Blood pressure is an important factor to maintain the homeostatic balance in the human body. If the level of blood pressure is increased above it’s normal limit, it will result on hypertension. Hypertension itself is a manifestation of a disturbance in the homeostatic balance of the cardiovascular system. The pathophysiology is multifactor, which ranges from age, gender, obesity, family history along with several cardiovascular-metabolic disease which often accompany hypertension. The goal for this research is to find the relation between the potential risk factor and hypertension of the policlinic patient in Sanglah hospital. This research is an observational research using the analytical cross-sectional study. Data were analyzed using chi-square test with p value <0.005 for significance. This research is done by collecting data primarily via blood pressure measurement and direct interview with the patient, secondarily via patient’s medical record. According to the research result, it was found that the proportion of hypertension within the internal medicine polyclinic is at 52%. It was also found that there is a significant relation between ages (p=0.001), obesity(p=0.001), smoking (p=0.000), family history (p=0.000) and hypertension,  also it was found that gender has no relation with hypertension (p=0.255). Hypertension also has relationship with Diabetes mellitus (p=0.004), hypertensive heart disease (p=0.020) and chronic kidney disease (p=0.001).

Keywords: hypertension, risk factors, Sanglah Hospital.

Title: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POTENTIAL RISK FACTOR AND HYPERTENSION IN SANGLAH HOSPITAL DENPASAR BALI

Author: Putu Prithinia Aryani Yasa, Raka Widiana

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Indonesia's marine waters become a habitat for six types of sea turtles from seven species of turtles in the world. Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) are in the highest number and spread in almost all Indonesian waters. Although there are many types of turtles in Indonesia, this is inversely proportional to the population. It is estimated that there are 100,000 green sea turtles killed around the IndoAustralia islands every year. Plasma chemical measurement is one that is commonly used as a diagnostic technique to determine the health status of individual animals, but until now information about the value of the chemical parameters of green turtle blood in captivity in Indonesia, especially Bali, is unknown. The purpose of this study was to obtain the values of transaminase enzyme activity (AST & ALT) and Creatinine levels as parameters of turtle health status at the Turtle Conservation and Education Center (TCEC), Serangan, Bali, Indonesia. The sample from this study was serum from 10 turtles with three different age groups. Each sample was tested for AST, ALT and creatinine levels using the iCubio iChem-535Vet machine. Data obtained from AST, ALT and blood creatinine samples and age will be analyzed descriptively in a mean ± deviation form, the relationship between body condition index (BCI) and the results of blood biochemical parameters analysis was analyzed by the Spearman correlation test assisted with IBM SPSS version 21. The average value for juvenile green turtle is AST 148.2 U / L, ALT 16.94 U / L, Creatinine 0.42 mg / dL; subadult AST 188 U / L, ALT 10.03 U / L, Creatinine 0.80 mg / dL; adult AST 176.5 U / L, ALT 14.50 U / L, Creatinine 1.05 mg / dL.

Keywords: AST, ALT, Creatinine, Green sea turtle.

Title: BLOOD BIOCHEMISTRY PROFILE OF GREEN (Chelonia mydas) SEA TURTLE REHABILITATED IN TURTLE CONSERVATION AND EDUCATION CENTER (TCEC) SERANGAN

Author: Muhamad Alfian Dinika, Ida Bagus Windia Adnyana, Anak Agung Sagung Kendran

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Simulation is a form of experimental learning. It is a type of reflective learning exercise in which students review their own performance and consider how nursing theory is actually applied in nursing practice, then receive feedback from an instructor.IM & IV administration are the one of basic skill for a portion of clinical time in undergraduate nursing programs, so all  nursing students must learn the technique, they should practice simulator allows demonstration practice on injection manikin which shows positive outcomes in increasing self confidence and satisfaction with simulation before clinical practice. The aim of the study was to assess effectiveness of simulation technique, on practice regarding selected nursing procedure among B.Sc. nursing students. A total of 80 subjects were selected through purposive sampling technique. Pre-test practice was assessed with the help of observational check list and on the same day simulation technique done regarding selected basic nursing procedures is given to subjects and doubts were clarified, on 8th day conducted post-test with the help of observation check list regarding selected basic nursing procedures. Results: As t value with respect to practice of IM & IV (23.648 & 26.895 respectively) is greater than the table value t value (1.664) at 0.05 level of significant. Hence the obtained t value is significant and research hypothesis is accepted. Therefore there exists significant difference between pretest and post test practice score of students regarding simulation technique on IM & IV administration. Hence research hypothesis H1 is accepted. Conclusion: The‘t’ test was computed between pre-test and post-test score indicate that there was improvement the level of practice among nursing students. Hence it indicates that simulation technique was effective to improve the practice on basic nursing procedure like IM & IV among nursing students before posted them in clinical area.

Keywords: Simulation technique, IM & IV nursing procedure, observational checklist.

Title: Effectiveness of simulation technique, on Practice Regarding selected nursing procedure among B.Sc. Nursing students at Sumandeep Nursing College, Piparia, Vadodara

Author: Ms. Gagan Sharma

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Helminthiasis is one of the most common infectious diseases of the developing countries including the Philippines ^[1]. Anacardium occidentale is originated fin Central and South America and now being cultivated in tropical trees like South East Asia ^[2]. The anthelmintic activity of the semi-purified tannins from the Anacardium occidentale (Kasuy) leaves was evaluated using Ascaris suum from the intestine of Pigs. In the assay, Pyrantel embonate was used as the positive control, normal saline solution as the negative control, and different concentration of the tannin extract (125mg/5mL, 250mg/5mL, and 500mg/5mL) and placed the worms on separated petri dishes. The time of paralysis and death was recorded and when no movement was observed, the worms were subjected to different motility tests through prick method, dipping the worm in 50°C distilled water, and shaking the petri dish. In conclusion, the Anacardium occidentale leaves have anthelmintic property in the dose of 500mg/5mL.

Keywords:  Anthelmintic, Ascaris suum, Helminthiasis, Pyrantel embonate, Anacardium occidentale leaves, Tannins.

Title: ANTHELMINTIC PROPERTY OF SEMI-PURIFIED TANNINS FROM THE Anacardium occidentale (KASUY) LEAVES

Author: C.D. Santiago, C.A.D. Ambat, R.C. Ancero, R.M.B. Capati, J.B. Chy, A.G.D.L. Danzalan, C.B. De Leon, J.J.P. Saplala

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Breastfeeding is the cornerstone of a healthy physical and mental life for children .Any lack of practice, attitude or knowledge in the mothers toward breastfeeding that means a defect in the child's physical and psychological life. Aim of this study to asses the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding breastfeeding among mothers that attending PHCCs in Taif city.

Methods: A cross-sectional study self –administered questionnaire was conducted among mothers that attended PHCCs in taif city of October to November, 2018. Breastfeeding KAP of mothers who had at least one child aged two years or younger.

Result: A total of 383 of mothers 192 of the participants are between ages 26-35 years (50.1%), while the least age group is between 36-45 years containing 76 participants (19.8%). Also from the mothers education level were that university level is the most populated in the study with 149 participants (38.9%) while secondary school level holders are also more populated with 141 participants (36.8%) with the least educational level given as those not educated at all with 16 participants (4.2%). more. Also majority of the participants 39.2% breastfed between 1-3 month, 23.2% breastfed between birth and up to month. It was also deduced that 46.9% breastfed exclusively between 2-4 months while just 1% breastfed exclusively for 4 months only. breastfeeding among mothers 40.2% breastfed half an hour after delivery, 13.1% breastfed within 6 hours, 29.8% breastfed within 24 hours and 16.9% breastfed after first day of delivery. 32.1% were faced with difficulties during breastfeeding 67.9%

Were not faced with any difficulty .the majority of the participants, 74.9% agree that they will breastfed in they have another child in the future, while 25.1% disagree with this facts. Conclusions: this study revealed that breast milk insufficiency and child refusal related to main reason to stop breastfeeding before 2 years among mothers in Taif city, Saudi Arabia.

Keywords: breastfeeding, children health, WHO breast milk.

Title: Breastfeeding Knowledge, attitude and practice among mothers attending primary health care centers in Taif city, 2018

Author: Dr.Badra Abdullah alotaibi, Dr. Adel aloufi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Hypersensitivity reaction is the increase of body’s reactivity and sensitivity to prior antigen exposure. Anaphylaxis is the most severe manifestation from acute hypersensitivity and can leads to death. This study is conducted based on the lack of hypersensitivity patients’ frequency and characteristics data, especially in Indonesia even though hypersensitivity is a condition that can cause death. This study aims to provide the characteristics of hypersensitivity patients based on their gender, age, and etiology. This study is a descriptive retrospective non-analytic study. Data sources were obtained from secondary data in the form of patient’s medical records with data retrieval methods using totally sampling technique. The accessible population was patients diagnosed with acute hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis reaction in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar on 2018. From 101 hypersensitivity patients, 64 patients are female (63,4%), majority are in age range of 21-29 years old which are 26 patients (25,7%), and most cases are caused by drugs with 68 patients (67,3%).

Keywords: Hypersensitivity, Characteristics, Gender, Age, Etiology.

Title: CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPERSENSITIVITY PATIENTS IN SANGLAH GENERAL HOSPITAL DENPASAR ON 2018

Author: IGN Arya Nugraha, Tjokorda Istri Anom Saturti, Pande Ketut Kurniari, Ketut Suardamana

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is predicted to be the third leading cause of death worldwide & fifth leading cause of years lost by premature death or disability by year 2020 as per epidemiological projections. The study was conducted to assess the COPD prevalence among healthy active male smokers by spirometry in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India.

Methods: A total of 512 individuals who met the inclusion criteria and given written consent for participation in the study were evaluated by spirometry. Based on spirometry, subjects were classified as having mild COPD (FEV1/FVC <0.70, FEV1>80%of predicted normal value), Moderate COPD (FEV1/FVC <0.70, FEV1 30-50%of predicted normal value), and severe COPD (FEV1/FVC <0.70, FEV1 < 30%of predicted normal value) as per GOLD guidelines.

Results: All the subjects were active male smokers with mean (± SD) age of 42.82 ± 8.68. 304 subjects (59.38%) were more than 40 years of age and 208 (40.62%) were less than or equal to 40 years. Overall airway obstruction was seen in 60 (11.71%) subjects. Mild obstruction (GOLD Stage 1) was seen in 42 (70 %) of the cases that have recorded airway obstruction and 8.20% of the total number of subjects. Moderate obstruction (GOLD Stage 2) in 18 (30%) of the subjects that have recorded airway obstruction and 3.51% of the total number of subjects. In smokers more than 40 years of age and with smoking index more than 200 (n=250), 48 (19.2 %) had obstruction and in smokers less than 40 years of age and smoking index less than 200 (n=160), 05 (3.12%) had obstruction (p<0.005).

Conclusion: It is interfered by present study that early diagnosis of COPD by spirometry, especially in smokers more than 40 years of age and with smoking index of more than 200, is likely to detect COPD by spirometry at an early stage and will positively impact the draining of resources. At present we do not have confirmatory evidence in support of the statement that early diagnosis of COPD may improve the smoking cessation. The best way to reduce the cost of such screening programs is to link spirometry with other screening programs like detection of diabetes, hypertension and other life style diseases in men.

Keywords: COPD, GOLD, NICE, FEV1, FVC, Smoking INDEX, AGE.

Title: EARLY DETECTION OF COPD BY SPIROMETRY IN ACTIVE MALE SMOKERS

Author: Dr Rajinder Kumar Goyal, Dr Surinder Kumar

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract:  The global increase in population resulting in recent multicultural societies is coupled with demand for diversity of services of which healthcare is no exception. Nursing as the core of healthcare delivery with reputable professional standards Worldwide is challenged to meet the demand of continuously providing culturally competent workforce. It is imperative to incorporate intercultural competence and multiculturalism into the curriculum of nursing education and support global student exchange networks in the training of nurse professionals to boast healthcare outcomes. This paper presents ethnographic narrative of the relationship between transcultural nursing and traditional care within the Sukuma ethnic group in Tanzania. 

Keywords: Culture, nursing, transcultural nursing, nursing education, Sukuma.

Title: TRANSCULTURAL NURSING AND TRADITIONAL CARE IN SUKUMA ETHNIC GROUP

Author: John Bright Agyemang

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Coronary heart disease is a multifactorial disease, one of which is high level of cholesterol in the body, especially level of low density lipoprotein. Triglycerides are one of the cofactors of the formation of low density lipoprotein in the body, which is obtained through the consumption of excessive fat and de novo production in the body. The author hopes that by making this paper, the contribution of triglycerides in coronary heart disease can become clearer. This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of coronary heart disease in hypertrigliceridemic patients using medical record. Characteristics of the patients by sex were male (83.5%) and female (16.5%), where in this study the patients are categorized based on normal triglyceride level, borderline high triglyceride level, and high triglyxeride level. The prevalence of patients with normal triglyceride level were 64.94%%, The prevalence of patients with borderline high triglyceride level were 16.49%, and the prevalence of patients with high triglyceride level were 18.57%.

Keywords: coronary heart disease, trygliceride.

Title: PREVALENCE OF HIPERTRIGLICERIDEMIC OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE PATIENTS IN SANGLAH GENERAL HOSPITAL

Author: Made Gede Anresangsya Yasa, Ni Kadek Mulyantari, Ida Ayu Wirawati

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Diabetes has become a significant threat to the livelihoods of many peoples. In order to address management practices for this chronic disease, there is a need to understand the cultural constructions of diabetes throughout developed and developing countries. In this work, I consider the Cambodian production of a diabetic patient and how the tools utilized by these patients construct the disease. In order to do this, ethnographic fieldwork was carried out with a Non-Governmental Organization based in rural looking at the use of technology and self-management routines and how this shaped diabetes for impoverished Cambodians. While strategies for diabetes management appear to be crude and lacking in knowledge and resources, I will demonstrate that impoverished Cambodians are more than capable of dealing with their disease. The benefit packages of existing social health protection schemes and services in the public health sector should be adjusted to cater for the needs of people living in rural Cambodia. Initiatives that offer active disease management strategies and promote patients and community participation appear more successful in increasing treatment adherence and decreasing the risk of financial hardship.

Keywords: Access to treatment, Diabetes Drug, Rural, Cambodia.

Title: Access to Treatment Drug for Diabetes Patients in Rural Cambodia

Author: Xu Huaifu, Keam Somony

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Typhoid fever is a disease caused by infection with Salmonella typhi bacteria which is transmitted through consumption of contaminated food or water. WHO announces typhoid fever patients around the world to reach 17 million every year. Infection is one of the biggest causes of death in Indonesia. From these data, the government needs to take action to improve public health. However, a healthy world launches interventions in the implementation of curative therapy for typhoid fever, one of which is Salmonella typhi (MDRST). One alternative is to use active substances contained in medicinal plants. The general objective of this study was to study the inhibitory test results of extract of Bali robusta coffee beans (Coffea canephora) against Salmonella typhi in vitro. This type of research is experimental with post-test only. The Group Control design used the diffusion disk method (Kirby-bauer) with a sample size of 30 samples. The conservation group was given Robusta coffee bean extract with a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%. Then the positive control was given ceftriaxone, and 96% ethanol in the disk is blank as a negative control. The results of the study were formed by inhibition zones at a concentration of 25% by 6.33 mm, a concentration of 50% by 8.5 mm, and a concentration of 75% by 10.5 mm. This study could show that Bali Robusta coffee extract could inhibit the growth of S. typhi in vitro with the results of the analysis associated with differences (p <0.05) between Bali Robusta coffee extract at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% Salmonella typhi in vitro. The concentration of 75% becomes the most effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhi.

Keywords: Bali Robusta Coffee extract, inhibitory test, Salmonella typhi.

Title: EFFECTS OF ANTIBACTERIAL SUBSTANCE OF BALI ROBUSTA COFFEE (Coffea canephora) SEED TOWARD Salmonella typhi GROWTH

Author: Muhammad Fakhri Barustan, Made Agus Hendrayana, Komang Januartha Putra Pinatih, I Dewa Made Sukrama

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Vision is an important thing for humans, especially in the field of education. The health of this organ of vision is often ignored by humans so that it can cause refractive abnormalities. Delays in making this correction, especially in school-age children can interfere with the learning process of the child himself. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and prevalence of patients with refractive errors who are in SDN 1 Sesetan who are in fifth grade status. This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and characteristics of refractive errors in fifth grade students of SDN 1 Sesetan. Respondents in this study were 49 students. This study was conducted by measuring eye vision to determine whether the student refraction errors or not and screening risk factors was done by filling out the questionnaire provided. Characteristics of respondents by sex were female (53.1%) and male (46.9%) where in this study respondents included in the category of refraction errors were 32.7% and respondents in the normal category were 67.3%. The prevalence of respondents who read more than two hours a day was 36.7%. The prevalence of respondents who use monitors more than four hours a day is 18.4%. The prevalence of respondents who have siblings who use glasses is 34.7%. The prevalence of respondents who have parents using glasses is 30.6%.

Keywords: refractive error, myopia, astigmatism, glasses.

Title: THE PREVALENCE OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS ON FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL NUMBER ONE SESETAN

Author: Markus Hendrawan, I Wayan Eka Sutyawan, Ni Made Ayu Surasmiati

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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