Vol 13 Issue 1 April 2025-September 2025

Abstract: Background: Anemia affects over 10% of adults aged 65 and older, with prevalence exceeding 20% in those aged 85 and above. The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anemia rises with age. This study evaluates the etiology, morphology, and clinical presentation of anemia in elderly renal disease patients. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare centre, enrolling 133 participants according to specific criteria. Data were collected from hospital records, analysing various blood parameters, including hemoglobin levels and blood cell morphology through peripheral blood smears. Results: The study population comprised 133 patients aged 60 and above, 57.8% male and 42.0% female. Anemia severity included mild (23 cases), moderate (79 cases), and severe (31 cases). Among kidney conditions, 74 had CKD, 56 had acute kidney injury, and others included chronic glomerulonephritis and bilateral pyelonephritis. Hypertension and diabetes were the most common comorbidities. Microcytic hypochromic anemia affected 45 patients, 84 had normocytic normochromic anemia, and 3 had macrocytic anemia. Breathlessness was the most frequent clinical finding. Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of anemia in elderly patients, particularly those with chronic conditions like CKD. Moderate anemia is often undiagnosed, with normocytic anemia being the most common type. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are prevalent comorbidities in this population.

Keyword: Anemia, Hemoglobin, Chronic Kindy Diseases, Elderly.

Title: Exploring the Morphological Patterns of Anemia in Elderly Patients with Renal Disease: Insights from a Tertiary Care Hospital Study

Author: Omkareshwar Patil

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 160-164

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 05-June-2025

Abstract: In Rwanda, one of the main causes of infant deaths is neonatal sepsis   and it is claimed that 61 percent of newborns with low birth weight perished as neonates in 2017 due to sepsis. The main objective of this study was to assess prevalence and Factors associated with neonatal sepsis at Rwamagana Level II Teaching Hospital. A quantitative approach, non-experimental, retrospective cross-sectional study design was used. To determine factors and the prevalence of neonatal sepsis, Researcher randomly selected 238 neonatal files out of the 588 newborns admitted from June 2022 to December, 2023. Data on socio demographic traits, neonatal health-related information, maternal health-related information, and medical procedure health-related information were gathered using a standardized questionnaire. The data were collected from the files, and information was entered on the given questionnaire. To conduct Data analysis, we used IBM SPSS package version 23 where by a descriptive analysis was conducted in form of frequency tables and percentages, for social-demographic characteristics, the prevalence and factors associated with neonatal sepsis were presented in the form of percentages and frequency tables. Finally, the researcher examined factors for newborn sepsis using Bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Among 238 neonates, majority were males accounting for 51.18% (n=122) of the neonates while female neonates accounted for 48.82 %(n=116).  the majority of neonates had low birth weight (< 2500gm), representing 50.47% (n=120) while 49.53% (n=118) had normal birth weight (≥ 2500mg) and no one who had either extremely high birth weight (>4000mg or extremely low birth weight (≤1000 or 1500mg). The largest group of neonates had delivered at Hospital, comprising 59.48% (n=142) of the sample. A smaller percentage had delivered at Health center (31.99%, n=76). Only a few of neonates (8.53%, n=20) had delivered at home. About gestational age of neonates admitted at Rwamagana Level II Teaching Hospital, majority (56.6%, n=135) of neonates were delivered at gestational age less than 37 weeks while the rest (43.4%, n=103) of neonates were delivered at gestational age that is equal or greater than 37 weeks. About sociodemographic factors of mothers, majority of mothers were multipara accounting for (82%, n=195) while the rest were primipara accounted for 18 %(n=43). The majority of mothers had attended ANC visits, representing 97% (n=231) while 3% (n=7) did not received any visit. The most proportions of mothers had prolonged labor (82%, n=195) compared to normal labor (18%, n=43). Regarding the Birth attendant and vaginal examination, the largest group of mothers had examined more than four times, comprising 91% (n=217) of the sample. The prevalence of neonatal sepsis at Rwamagana Level II Teaching Hospital was 14.8%. Regarding the factors associated with neonatal sepsis bivariate and multivariate analysis revealed that being in age group (p= 0.025) and gestational ages (p=0.004)   were a statistically significant associated with neonatal sepsis. Strong association with sepsis was found with neonatal age from 0-3 days (aOR: 2.769; 95% CI 1.312–5.843; p = 0.008), and gestational weeks < 37 weeks or ≥37 weeks (aOR: 4.149; CI 1.1878–9.167; p ≤ 0.004).In conclusion, neonatal sepsis was high and implementing these recommendations such as community awareness programs as well as resource allocation can help reduce the prevalence of neonatal sepsis and improve overall neonatal health outcomes in Rwamagana Level II Teaching Hospital.

Keywords: Prevalence, Neonatal Sepsis, Level II Teaching Hospitals, Rwamagana, Rwanda.

Title: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Neonatal Sepsis at Rwamagana Level II Teaching Hospitals in Rwanda

Author: Ms. Iyakaremye Christine, Dr. Nasiru Sani, Dr. Mochama Monica

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 145-159

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 03-June-2025

Abstract: Background: The uncontrollable loss of pee is known as urinary incontinence. It significantly affects people's physical, emotional, and general quality of life. Most rural areas have neglected to address the issue of women's reluctance to seek medical attention. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of UI in older women, pinpoint risk variables that are linked to it, and investigate how it affects these women's capacity to carry out activities of daily living (ADL). Methodology: Among 346 women in Pudupet, Chennai, a cross-sectional study was conducted. The ladies were all over 50. Using a prevalence of 26.47% from earlier research, the sample size was determined with a 5% margin of error and a 95% confidence interval. In order to recruit participants, consecutive sampling was used. Urge, mixed urine incontinence, and stress were measured using a semi-structured questionnaire based on QUID scores. Stress incontinence was present if the score was greater than 4. Urge incontinence was present if the score was more than 6. All of these scores, along with the rest of the gathered data, were input into MS Excel and then exported to SPSS for further examination. Chi-square tests and descriptive statistics were run using SPSS version 20. It was deemed statistically significant when p <= 0.05. Results: Our inclusion criteria were met by 346 female participants. There were noteworthy correlations discovered for burning micturition, episiotomy, and hypertension. To be more precise, the prevalence of incontinence was higher in people with hypertension (p = 0.032), people who underwent an episiotomy (p = 0.016), and burning micturition was significantly linked to incontinence (p = 0.010). There was a marginally significant correlation (p = 0.050) between education level and incontinence, indicating that people with only a primary education have greater rates of incontinence. Diabetes became statistically significant (p = 0.099), suggesting a tendency for diabetics to have greater rates of incontinence. In conclusion, there is a substantial correlation between increased rates of incontinence and hypertension, episiotomy, and burning feelings.. Conclusion: It was discovered that the most common kind of urine incontinence in postmenopausal women was urge urinary incontinence. People who have experienced burning micturition, episiotomy, or high blood pressure should be routinely evaluated for urine incontinence.

Keywords: urinary incontinence, older women, risk factors for urinary incontinence, IIQ-7, QUID.

Title: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Impact on Activities of Daily Living due to Urinary Incontinence among Older women Above 50 Years in urban locality in Chennai

Author: K.Prathiksha, P.Sakthi, Pallavi, Ponni, Rahul raja, Rahul gharwal, Rakshana, Rasika, Rhithika.J, Sai priyanka, Samanvitha

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 135-144

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 29-May-2025

Abstract: Background: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the rise and has emerged as a significant global public health concern due to changes in lifestyle and the acceleration of the world's aging population trend. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, numerous studies have shown that the most effective way to enhance glycemic control is by thorough dietary intervention, either alone or in conjunction with medication.                                                                                                       

Aim of Study: This study aimed to knowing role of dietary patterns among patients with type 2 diabetes in diabetes control. Methodology:   This cross-sectional study included 250 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes who were attending Thi-Qar Specialized Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism Center (TDEMC), a tertiary facility in southern Iraq. The data was gathered through in-person interviews with patients through questionnaires distributed on the basis of axes. Results: The results of this study indicate that 82.0% of patients follow unhealthy food patterns. While 18.0% of diabetic patients follow a healthy food pattern. A very high percentage (86.4%) of the patients with T2DM have high levels of HbA1c. Finally, the results found there were negative correlation between HbA1c with Carbohydrate scores, fiber scores, fat scores, and the overall food patterns scores (r=-0.504, r=-0.312, r=-0.680, and r=-0.713) respectively.  Conclusion: This cross-sectional study concluded that there was negative correlation between HbA1c with Carbohydrate scores, fiber scores, fat scores, and the overall food patterns scores.      

Keywords: Role, Dietary, Patterns, Patients, Type 2 Diabetes, Diabetes Control, A Cross-Sectional Study.                                           

Title: Role of Dietary Patterns among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Diabetes Control, A Cross-Sectional Study, Thi-Qar Governorate /Iraq

Author: Hadeer Badin Rabie, Assist Prof. Jabbar Taresh Ahmed, Prof Wasen Abdul Ameer Ali, Mahmood Thamer Altemimi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 122-134

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 28-May-2025

Abstract: Background: Diabetes is a chronic illness that arises when the body either produces insufficient amounts of insulin or is unable to use it effectively. In the second half of pregnancy, glucose intolerance is a defining feature of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a subtype of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is estimated that one in seven pregnant women worldwide has GDM. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of maternal and fetal outcomes in GDM as well as to assess the main risk factors which predict these complications among Thi-Qar's reproductive-aged women. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was done on 1504 married women of reproductive age who were enrolled in an endocrine center. All patient information was gathered through direct interviews and the tertiary center's digital records, which were accessed via an internal network system and Microsoft Access. Demographic details, GDM clinical history, macrosomia history, and family history of diabetes were recorded. Results: The mean age of women with GDM was 36 .9±6.8 years old, mean weight 82 ±13 kg, BMI was 32.7±5.3 (Kg/m2), and waist circumference was 101.1±11.2 centimeters. Pregnancy, lipid disorder, kidney disease, heart disease, PCOS, Previous history of GDM, chronic hypertension, macrosomia, and physical activity were significantly association between GDM and DM complications (p-value = 0.001, 0.001, 0.002, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.044, respectively). The correlation between GDM and different risk factors. Residency, age, number of abortions, number of stillbirths, and number of live children, weight, BMI, waist circumference, e.GFR, and RBS were significantly higher among women with GDM. Conclusion: GDM is considered an additive risk factor for the prediction of chronic DM and later complications. Most of the risk factors, like lipid disorder, kidney disease, heart disease, GDM, PCOS, hypertension, macrosomia, physical activity, abortion, number of live births, and number of dead births, are considered dependent risk factors for the prediction of DM complications. 

Keywords: Fetal, Maternal, Complications, Age, Women, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Risk Factors.

Title: The Fetal and Maternal Complications of Reproductive Age Women with History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Including Different Risk Factors in Thi-Qar

Author: Noor Farhan Gafel, Majid Abdulwahab Maatook, Mahmood Thamer Altemimi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 109-121

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 27-May-2025

Abstract: Background:  Antibiotics are drugs that either kill or stop the growth of bacteria in order to treat bacterial infections. Because misuse can result in bacterial resistance, which makes treating infections more challenging, they should be used carefully. Objective: This study seeks to assess the level of knowledge of patients regarding antibiotics use. Methodology: cross-sectional study was conducted in selected government hospitals in Al-Najaf city from 1 October 2024 until the end of January 2025 to assess the knowledge of patients regarding antibiotic use. Data were collected from 400 patients using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS-27. Results: the results of this study indicate that 61.8% of patients have a fair knowledge score, followed by 23.0% of the participants have a good knowledge score, and only 15.2% of patients have a poor knowledge score. The results of this study reveal that there is a significant relationship between demographic characteristics (such as age groups, residence, gender, marital status, educational level, high professional occupation and socioeconomic status) and overall knowledge score (P. value <0.05). Conclusion: The study conclude that more than half of patients have moderate level of knowledge about antibiotic use. The study found that young age, female gender, single, those live in urban areas, high professional occupation, high socio-economic status and high education patients, have good assessment scores for knowledge about antibiotic at significantly level <0.05.

Keywords: Knowledge, Patients, Antibiotics, Hospitals.

Title: Exploring the Level of Knowledge of Patients Regarding Antibiotics Use in AL- Najaf City Hospitals, Iraq

Author: Anwer Kadhim Bazma, Prof. Wisam Abdul-Ameer Ali Fareed, Assist Prof Jabbar Taresh Ahmed

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 102-108

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 26-May-2025

Abstract: Potassium-40 (K-40) is a naturally occurring radioactive isotope that contributes to environmental radiation exposure. As an essential element in biological systems, K-40 is present in soil, water, food, and human tissues, making exposure unavoidable. However, the radiological impact of K-40, particularly in Nigeria, has not been thoroughly studied. This review examines the sources, distribution, and health implications of K-40 exposure in Nigeria, taking into account dietary intake, environmental factors, and occupational exposure. It evaluates existing studies on radiological assessments in the country and highlights gaps in regulatory frameworks for radiation protection. The paper also discusses potential health risks, including internal radiation dose implications, and suggests strategies for improving monitoring and public awareness. Strengthening radiation safety regulations and conducting further research on K-40 exposure pathways are essential for effective risk management.

Keywords: Potassium-40, Natural Radioactivity, Environmental Exposure, Radiological Impact, Nigeria.

Title: Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Potassium-40: Concerns for Nigeria

Author: Salihu M., Aminu B. U., Adams S., Abdulhameed S., Nura G. K., Mustapha M. K., Shehu I. D., Bala S., Daniel J.

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 96-101

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 22-May-2025

Abstract: The transition into menopause represents a crucial biological phase in a woman's life, often accompanied by various challenging symptoms. The level of support provided by partners can greatly impact a woman's ability to manage the difficulties associated with menopause. This research utilized a cross-sectional descriptive survey methodology, conducted in two selected churches within the Enugu metropolis in Nigeria. A total of 58 women who met the inclusion criteria were chosen for the study through purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out using structured questionnaires designed by the researchers to identify the types of support received from spouses during the menopause transition. The reliability of the instrument was tested through a pilot study using a test-retest method, resulting in a reliability coefficient of 0.84. Additionally, both face and content validity were confirmed. Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Enugu State Ministry of Health. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, including frequency and percentage. Findings revealed that a small percentage of the women (17.2%) received adequate support. The most common forms of assistance included inquiries about their needs and offers of help (44.8%), demonstrating empathy for their feelings (36.2%), effective communication and problem-solving discussions (32.8%), reminders of their positive attributes (32.8%), and recognizing their struggles as a shared concern (31.0%). The study advocates for greater awareness among male partners regarding the menopause transition and the types of support women require during this period to facilitate a smoother experience.

Keywords: Forms of support, perimenopause, spousal support, menopause.

Title: EXPLORING THE FORMS OF SUPPORT PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN RECEIVED FROM SPOUSES

Author: Chioma Anthonia Udeh, Anthonia Chinweuba, Oluchi Stella Aduaka

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 90-95

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 10-May-2025

Abstract: Background: Contacts of index cases of active tuberculosis (TB) disease were at a higher risk of developing active TB disease than the general population who were not so exposed. This research was aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of active TB disease among contacts of patients with active TB disease.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving the contacts of index TB cases at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka. Patients diagnosed of active TB disease were recruited and their contacts identified through in-depth interview. The contacts underwent clinical screening, and relevant samples were also collected for Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay.

Results: A total 121 index cases of active TB disease were enrolled for this study and they generated 474 contacts. Active TB disease was detected in 2.9% of the entire contacts investigated and in 3.3% of the under-five contacts. Occurrence of active TB disease in the contacts was significantly associated with presence of symptoms of TB (p < 0.05) but not significantly associated with some other identified risk factors including age, gender, type of contacts, and smear positivity of index case (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Contacts of patients with active tuberculosis disease, by virtue of their characteristic of sharing the same enclosed space for living, working and other social gathering points, were at a higher risk of developing active TB disease than the general population. An effective and wholistic investigation of contacts of persons with active TB disease is essential for finding previously undiagnosed TB cases especially in high TB burden settings like Nigeria.

Keywords: tuberculosis, contacts, prevalence, risk factors.

Title: Prevalence and risk factors of active tuberculosis disease in contacts of tuberculosis cases treated in a teaching hospital in southeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Author: Ifeoma Anne Njelita, Chinyerem Cynthia Nwachukwu, Ifeanyi Gabriel Eyisi, Chijioke Amara Ezenyeaku, Hilary Nkem Okeke

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 80-89

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 01-May-2025

Abstract: This study investigated reductions in perceived academic stress among undergraduate students, focusing on how stress levels vary across subgroups defined by enrollment status (full-time vs. part-time), parenting status (single parents vs. non-parents), work obligations, and GPA. Guided by three research questions, the study examined (1) to what extent is there a relationship between reductions in perceived academic stress and improvements in student academic performance (2) to what extent does a reduction in perceived academic stress predict changes in undergraduate students’ academic performance and (3) whether significant differences in stress levels exist among key student subgroups. A total of 200 undergraduate students, male and female, participated in this cross-sectional study. Data was collected using the Perceived Stress Scale–Academic (PSS-A), a validated instrument designed to assess stress related to academic responsibilities and self-reported Grade Point Averages (GPAs). Using SPSS 28 software for analysis, descriptive statistics indicated that students experienced moderate levels of perceived academic stress overall. Independent samples t-tests revealed significant subgroup differences. Full-time students reported significantly higher stress (M = 3.5, SD = 0.6) than part-time students (M = 3.3, SD = 0.6), [t(185) = 2.47, p = .015], Cohen’s d = 0.33. Single parents exhibited higher stress levels (M = 3.7, SD = 0.6) compared to non-parents (M = 3.4, SD = 0.6), [t(185) = 3.21, p = .002], d = 0.50. Students with work obligations also reported significantly higher stress (M = 3.6, SD = 0.6) than those without (M = 3.3, SD = 0.6), [t(185) = 2.87, p = .005, d = 0.42]. Boxplot visualizations highlighted elevated median stress levels and wider interquartile ranges among full-time students, single parents, and those with work commitments. While GPA range appeared to show minor differences in stress distribution, students with GPAs in the 3.5–4.0 range reported the lowest median stress levels, suggesting a potential link between academic performance and stress management. These findings have important implications for institutional policies and student support services. Undergraduate programs should consider developing targeted interventions, such as flexible scheduling, mental health resources, and family/work-life balance support, especially for full-time students, single parents, and working students. By addressing these disparities, institutions can enhance student well-being, academic persistence, and overall program success.

Keywords: academic stress, undergraduate students, academic performance, Cognitive Appraisal Theory, Self-Determination Theory.

Title: An Examination of the Relationship between Reductions in Perceived Academic Stress and Improvements in Student Academic Performance: A Quantitative Analysis

Author: Dr. David Augustine Bull

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 61-79

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 28-April-2025

Abstract: Background:  Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease caused by bacteria that mostly affects the lungs. It spreads through the air when infected people cough, sneeze, or spit. After COVID-19 TB is the second leading infectious killer and death worldwide. Our study assessed the patients’ knowledge of Tuberculosis transmission mode, Risk Factors, and drug resistance in the AL-Anbar Governorate.                                                                           

Methodology: A cross-sectional study design using a nonprobability sampling of (176) Tuberculosis patients registered at the Tuberculosis Health Center in Ramadi City-Iraq in 2022-2023. A questionnaire sheet was used, and a p-value of less than (0.05) was considered significant.

Results: Ninety percent were over 40 years with a mean of 57±13.4. Most of them were males, married, and farmers. Less than a quarter (20%) with a family income<500,000 Iraqi dinar but more than half (68%) between (500,000 -750,000) Iraqi dinar monthly.  (65%) of the total patients were old cases. Regarding the knowledge of the mode of transmission, more than a quarter said by crowding 51(29%) but less said by cough 40(23%), 32(18%) family history, 23(13%) direct contact, and (17%) didn’t know with a statistical significance with education. Regarding risk factors, less than half 70(40%) were smokers but more than a quarter 53(30%) had hypertension, and some of them 27(15%) had diabetes and the same percentage had renal diseases. For drug resistance, a small number of 25(14%) was reported as a secondary line resistant to isoniazid, most of them were males and more than a quarter were smokers. More than a quarter (29%) of the patients had extrapulmonary TB before the age of 50 years while 71% had it after 50 years old with a statistical significance with age.

Conclusions: Middle-aged males with low income were most affected, a small number had secondary line resistance to isoniazid drug. There was a moderate knowledge of the transmission mode affected by education. The most common risk factors were smoking and hypertension.                                                                                                                         

Keywords: Knowledge of Transmission Mode, Risk Factor, Drug Resistance.                 

Title: Assessment of Patients Knowledge of Tuberculosis Transmission Mode, Risk Factors and Drug Resistance in AL Anbar, Governorate, Iraq 2022-2023

Author: B N Abdul-Fatah, H O Mashaan, A K Awad

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 55-60

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 23-April-2025

Abstract: Introduction: Leptospirosis, or Weil's disease, is the most common zoonotic infection. Weil's disease is caused by infection with the spirochete bacterium Leptospira. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition that often occurs in the final stages of Weil's disease. Although there is no definite consensus on renal replacement therapy (RRT) in severe leptospirosis patients, early diagnosis allows for earlier hemodialysis, which appears to be associated with a better prognosis. Therefore, this case report will present a case of Weil's disease undergoing hemodialysis as early management.

Case Description: A 64-year-old male patient came to Buleleng Regional Hospital on May 15, 2023, complaining of yellowing of the eyes and skin for 7 days. The patient had also experienced nausea and vomiting for 7 days. The patient also complained of fever for 10 days. Supportive examinations were non-reactive anti-HCV and reactive anti-Leptospira IgM. The patient was diagnosed with Weil's disease, acute kidney injury (AKI), with a differential diagnosis of acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) and anuria.

Conclusion: Patients with leptospirosis infection are generally associated with kidney involvement related to the need for hemodialysis, which can increase mortality. Therefore, early diagnosis and management in the form of hemodialysis is needed to improve quality of life and reduce mortality.

Keywords: hemodialysis, leptospirosis, Weil's disease.

Title: Weil's Disease Early Diagnosis and Management: a Case Report

Author: Ni Komang Rani Juli Antari, Dwiputra Yogi Pramarta

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 49-54

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 23-April-2025

Abstract: The routine use of Intravenous prophylactic antiemetics with Intravenous opioid analgesics is common practice in the Emergency & Trauma Department (ETD) of Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Najihah (HTAN) to prevent opioid-induced nausea and vomiting. However, this practice has dubious clinical benefits, generates additional costs, and might expose patients to potentially adverse effects. Approximately 6000 ampules of IV Metoclopramide are used by ETD HTAN annually. The sum seems ignorable, but in 10 years, this may total over RM1,000,000. The study aimed to evaluate the benefit of intravenous metoclopramide prophylaxis in patients receiving intravenous tramadol for acute pain relief. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the ETD of HTAN using convenient sampling. Patient details were extracted from the medical record via standardized data collection form and analysed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. A total of 272 patients were included, half of whom were given intravenous Metoclopramide prophylactically. The overall incidence of nausea in the study population was 12.1%, with most cases rated mild. Only two patients (0.7%) in the metoclopramide group vomited within 2 hours of intravenous tramadol administration, which did not demonstrate a statistically significant association between metoclopramide prophylaxis and reduced emesis episode (P= 0.498, Fisher's exact test). The low incidence of nausea and vomiting does not warrant the prophylactic use of intravenous Metoclopramide in tramadol-treated patients, suggesting a need to educate ETD medical officers on the findings to implement change in the routine prescribing practice in HTAN and subsequent cluster hospitals.

Keywords: metoclopramide, tramadol, nausea, vomiting, emesis, prophylaxis.

Title: Prophylactic Intravenous Metoclopramide Use in Patients Given Intravenous Tramadol: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study [TRAMAX STUDY]

Author: Keerthy Venthen Krishna Kumar, Yu Xin Tan, Pavithrah Asogan

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 44-48

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 23-April-2025

Abstract: Background: The ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) to Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) is crucial in evaluating respiratory function and diagnosing pulmonary conditions. While environmental and genetic factors are well-documented, less is known about the potential influence of temperamental types, or Mizaj, on lung function. Mizaj, derived from traditional medical concepts, categorizes individuals based on physical and psychological characteristics, which may affect health outcomes, including respiratory performance. This study investigates the FEV1/FVC ratio in young adults with reference to different Mizaj.

Objective: The aim was to investigate to what extent different ratios of FEV₁ /FVC were associated with different mizaj and determine if Mizaj influences lung function.

Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 young adults categorized into four Mizaj types: Damvi, Balghami, Safravi, and Saudavi. Spirometric measurements, including FEV1 and FVC, were taken, and the FEV1/FVC ratio was calculated for each participant. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA to compare the FEV1/FVC ratio across Mizaj groups, with post-hoc pairwise comparisons performed for statistical significance.

Results: The study revealed significant FEV1/FVC ratio differences across the different Mizaj. The Damvi group exhibited the highest mean FEV1/FVC ratio, suggesting better lung function than other Mizaj groups. The Saudavi group showed the lowest mean FEV1/FVC ratio, indicating potentially reduced pulmonary function. Post-hoc analysis revealed significant differences between Damvi and Saudavi (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed between other Mizaj pairs.

Conclusion: The FEV1/FVC ratio differs significantly between Mizaj types, with Damvi individuals showing better lung function than Saudavi individuals. These findings suggest that the Mizaj type may influence pulmonary function, and further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and their clinical implications.

Keywords: FEV1/FVC ratio, Mizaj, Lung function, Young adults, Respiratory health, Observational study.

Title: THE RATIO OF FEV1/FVC IN YOUNG HEALTHY ADULTS WITH REFERENCE TO DIFFERENT MIZAJ: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Author: Shaikh Nilofar, Km. Fizza Fatma, Shaikh Sofia Tarannum, Uzma Almas, Mohd.Salman, Tanweer Alam, Yusuf Jamal, Ataullah fahad

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 32-43

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 17-April-2025

Abstract: Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus. Its incidence has risen in recent years due to the decline in immunity from previous smallpox infections and the cessation of smallpox vaccinations following its eradication. This article reviews published studies and webpages from various organizations, focusing on the history and updates of mpox outbreaks and their management. Research articles, book chapters, review articles, and other pertinent literature were gathered from online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed Central. Mpox morbidity can range from mild to severe, with secondary complications that may be fatal. Several outbreaks have occurred in recent decades. The recent global outbreak of mpox, which began in May 2022, primarily affected men who have sex with men. The increase in the global spread of mpox has gained international attention and in 2024, mpox was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Smallpox has played a vital role in the management of mpox through research on treatments and vaccines. The eradication of smallpox provides hope for effective control of mpox, as eradicating mpox may be challenging due to the presence of nonhuman hosts. Surveillance and research are crucial in achieving this objective.

Keywords: Mpox, monkeypox, history, outbreaks, vaccination, smallpox.

Title: Mpox Outbreaks, Challenges of Management, Smallpox to the Rescue: A Review Article

Author: Chinyerem Cynthia Nwachukwu, Ifeoma Anne Njelita, Ifeanyi Gabriel Eyisi, Amaechi Chinedu Nwachukwu, Chijioke Amara Ezenyeaku

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 24-31

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 05-April-2025