Vol 7 Issue 2 April 2019-June 2019

Abstract: Gloriosa superb L. under the family Colchicaceae, commonly called Glory lily, is a medicinally important endangered herbaceous, perennial climbing medicinal plant with L or V-shaped/ finger-like tubers that are pure white when young, becoming brown with age found throughout India. The plant commonly used in several native systems of medicine for the practice of various human diseases like cancer, gout, ulcer, piles, scrofula and act as antipyretic, antihelmintic, purgative, and anti-abortion. But, it also caused disorders and even mortalities to humans and animals due to both purposeful and accidental poisoning. The plant currently widely cultivated throughout the world as an ornamental plant. The better antifungal zone of inhibition observed in 26.3±0.22 mm against A. flavus on  5 mg/ml concentration of seed extract followed by 26.0±0.83 mm against G. fujikuroi on 10 mg/ml. The minimum zone of inhibition 14.7±0.14 mm in 5 mg/ ml against C. glabrata and 16.3±0.53 mm in 10 mg/ml against F. proliferatum on 10 mg/ml concentration of methanol extract. Similarly, the maximum zone of inhibition observed in 32.1±0.38mm against A. foetidus on 10 mg/ml concentration of tuber extract followed by 31.0±0.21 mm against A. ustus on 10 mg/ml.  The minimum zone of inhibition 17.0±0.01mm  observed against  F. proliferatum on 5 mg/ml concentration of methanol extract followed by 23.0±0.01mm against Candida albicans. The antifungal activity of the tuber has a good source of antifungal fungal substance than seed methanol extract. The study confirmed that the methanol tuber extract is having a good source of antifungal content than seed methanol extract and to be isolated the secondary metabolites and also to be developed new drugs against   A. foetidus, A. niger, T. viride and A. ustus from the tuber.

Keywords: Gloriosa superb, seed, tuber, antifungal activity, methanol extract.

Title: Antifungal activity of the seed and tuber extracts of Gloriosa superba L.

Author: Babu Rao Karasala, Rajesh Govindan, Rajanikanth Garapati, Bagyalakshmi Mariyappan, Ramesh Narayanaperumal

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton) is one of the most expensive species due to its high nutritional and medicinal values. Analysis of gonadal maturation of M. cuchia was done to understand the reproductive biology as well as to identify its peak maturity for breeding. Monthly variation of Gonado-Somatic Index (GSI) reflects the gonadal maturing progression. Different stages of oogenetic development were examined microscopically. Based on the histological characteristics of testis and ovary, four stages of development were described. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) study was used to analyze and further supplement the findings by histology. This paper provides new information on histological analysis and ultra structures of maturation of gametes showing different developmental stages of both male and female species of M. cuchia in Meghalaya, India. Therefore observation of gonads was done to ascertain the actual pattern of maturation of gonads and eventually helps in determining period for actual induced breeding of the species which breeds once in a year.

Keywords: Gonadal maturation, GSI, M. cuchia, Micropyle, SEM, Spawning period.

Title: HISTOLOGICAL AND ULTRA STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS (SEM) OF GONADAL MATURATION OF Monopterus cuchia (HAMILTON, 1822) UNDER THE CLIMATIC CONDITION OF MEGHALAYA, INDIA

Author: BARISHA MARY KURBAH, RABINDRA NATH BHUYAN

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Ligninolytic enzymes, especially versatile peroxidase, have received much attention in recent times due to expanding application in bioremediation, biofuel production and in the production of other valuable chemical products. Choosing appropriate medium and optimizing the medium is important for economic and over-production of the valuable products. Versatile peroxidase has been reported to be present in various white rot fungi including Ganoderma lucidum. In this study, we optimized submerged fermentation medium for maximum versatile peroxidase production including amendment of lignocellulosic wastes. The basal medium, after optimization, has produced 5.5 times more versatile peroxidase. Improvised production of versatile peroxidase will find application in various industries.

Keywords: Versatile peroxidase, submerged fermentation, Ganoderma lucidum RMK1, lignocellulosic wastes, lignin.

Title: Versatile peroxidase production from Ganoderma lucidum RMK1: augmentation of production levels by medium optimization and lignocellulosic biomass amendment

Author: Raja Mohan Gopalakrishnan, Kalaichelvan Puthupalayam Thangavelu

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: This study addresses the current knowledge of Quantum Dots (QDs) as drugs, targeting probes and as drug delivery carriers. We proposed to evaluate the toxic effects of oleic acid capped inverted core/shell QDs against Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line-Hep3B. We investigated two types of core/shell QDs with identical nature of their shell (CdSe) and different core (ZnSe-vs-CdS), the other properties affecting cellular responses– capping, particle size, shell and surface chemistry were kept constant. IC50 of QDs on Hep3B cells was achieved at 10µg/ml within 24 h. Incubation for 72 h with ZnSe/CdSe QDs produced an insignificant reduction in cell viability (63.44%). Hence the cellular responses were evaluated at the maximum concentration i.e 10µg/ml. LDH release enhanced on treatment with ZnSe/CdSe (45.64µM/min/mgprotein) and CdS/CdSe (39.49µM/min/mgprotein) when compared to untreated control (9.38µM/min/mgprotein). Enhanced DCFDA levels indicated ROS generation on treatment with QDs. ROS induced ER stress leading to increased release of intracellular calcium levels were observed. Disruption of MMP caused enhanced cytochrome-c levels that induced caspase-dependent cascade. Elevated apoptotic events were observed as evidenced by enhanced expression of apoptotic proteins, caspases and DNA fragmentation. These findings suggest that QDs have the potential for biological applications. Therefore, the toxicological risk of QDs need be assessed before embarking on any clinical use.

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, QDs, ROS, ER Stress, mitochondrial membrane potential, Caspase cascade, apoptotic pathway.

Title: Core shell quantum dots induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via Reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial-dependent pathway

Author: Aakriti Tyagi, Namrata Kumari, Ankita Leekha, Disha Mittal, Anita Kamra Verma

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The study was conducted to estimate the morpho-economic traits of eri silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval by rearing on different host plants leaves under controlled conditions in laboratory at 25o C±2 and RH 70 to 75 percent. For this purpose healthy leaves of Castor (Ricinus communis L.), Papaya ( Carica papaya), were used to perform rearing. While performing the experiment, independent trials of castor as well as interchanging of food plant with papaya during rearing were undertaken. It is observed that, despite the fact that the castor leaves serve as chief feed for rearing of eri silkworms, the combination of castor and papaya leaves could also be beneficial used for commercial rearing of eri silkworm. When the worms were fed with the leaves of castor up to 3rd instar and interchanging with papaya leaves during 4th and 5th instar resulted in successful eri silk regaining. Hence, the present study suggests the consecutive treatment specifically, castor leaves interchanging with papaya leaves for business raising of eri silk worm larvae. The present study was carried out to see the rearing performance of Eri silkworm on papaya leaves, it was observed that along with castor or in the scarcity of castor leaves papaya leaves can be utilized as food for the eri silkworn larvae. Different parameters studied during the experiment are shown in the table no. 1-3.

Keywords: Economic traits, Eri silkworm, Host plants.

Title: IMPACT OF INDEPENDENT AND SEQUENTIAL FEEDING OF DIFFERENT HOST PLANTS ON ECONOMIC TRAITS OF ERI SILKWORM, SAMIA CYNTHIA RICINI BOISDUVAL

Author: Kamble, P. L., Jadhav, A. D.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: For conservation of an endangered, horticultural and medicinally important orchid Coelogyne ovalis Lindl., an efficient protocol for its propagation was developed via asymbiotic seed germination.  Eight months-old capsules of C. ovalis were inoculated aseptically on different nutrient media viz., Gamborg (B5), Knudson C (KC) and Mitra, with or without supplementation of plant growth regulators. Amongst the studied media, the best seed germination response (88.74%) was found on KC medium. The germination percentage was found to be enhanced in KC medium supplemented with 3 µM of BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine). For shoot induction, the seedlings were further cultured in medium supplemented with different concentration of BAP and α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The best shooting was observed in medium augmented with 15 µM of BAP and 5 µM of NAA in combination. Optimum rooting frequency of regenerated shoots was achieved with 15 µM NAA and 30 µM phloroglucinol in the medium. The well-developed plantlets were hardened in a compost mixture. Genetic integrity of the micropropagated plantlets was ascertained using Start Codon Targeted polymorphism (SCoT) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. The present investigation on in vitro regeneration of C. ovalis ensures rapid propagation of plantlets for conservation of clonally stable plantlets.

Keywords: Coelogyne ovalis, Asymbiotic, Conservation, horticultural, Genetic integrity.

Title: Ex - situ multiplication of Coelogyne ovalis Lindl.: Nutrient optimization for asymbiotic seed germination and mass scale propagation of genetically stable plantlets

Author: Nutan Singh, Suman Kumaria

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Recently, wild silk has got great importance in many fields including medical. Wild sericulture has dependence on wild species, host plants and climatic conditions. Therefore, present study was intended to know the climatic drivers and role of host plant species richness on wild silk moth species richness and abundance.  Geographical distribution of wild silkmoths was also studied based on the climatic regions. Silk moths were collected by using light traps from 10 sites located in six districts of Maharashtra with gradually changing climatic condition. Host plants were also recorded during the collection. Data obtained was analysed with statistical packages to deduce conclusions and comparison. 7 species belonging to 5 genera of family Saturniidae were recorded in the study. Three species belonging to genus Antheraea and one species from each of other genera Actias, Samia, Attacus and Loepa were recorded from the study area. Six species of host plants were found common at sites with dominant Terminalia genus. Species richness and abundance was found higher at the sites of Kolhapur District than other districts. Regression analysis predicted the richness of wild silk moths was depends on host plant richness. Cluster analysis also indicated relatedness between the population structures of sites in the Kolhapur district with higher species richness. Three climatic regions of Maharashtra have variation in species richness, distribution and the abundance of wild silk moths merely due to larval host plant species richness.

Keywords: Wild Silk moths, richness, Distribution, Saturniidae, climatic regions, Maharashtra.         

Title: Influence of climatic regions on species richness, distribution and abundance of wild Silk moths in Maharashtra, India

Author: Anna Gophane, A. D. Jadhav, M. V. Santhakumar, T. V. Sathe

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The key to unravel most of the challenges associated with biodegradation and bioremediation of polluting substances may lie with autochthonous (indigenous) microorganisms present in polluted environments. Such bacteria can be isolated from stressed environments like sewage.They can also be found in soil habitat. Arthrobacter is one organism which is a common occurant in these habitats.These are pleomorphic organisms, exhibit typical rod to coccus morphogenesis and can degrade a wide range of organic & inorganic compounds, dyes and several pollutants. Forty five samples of sewage and soil were collected from Ulhas river and its basin .Organisms were isolated on Arthrobacter medium with pyridine. Preliminary identification of these isolates was done by Gram staining and biochemical characteristics. Further confirmation was done by phase contrast microscopy and their morphogenesis also was studied subsequently.Qualitative biodegradative screening of various organic as well as inorganic pollutants, pesticide, dyes and lignocellulosic materials, by these isolates, was checked. Twelve potent isolates were also studied for quantitative analysis of one dye (methyl orange), one inorganic pollutant (Chromium) and one organic pollutant(Acetonitrile. The activities of these isolates were constantly compared with those of Standard  strains of Arthrobacter.  Eighty five isolates were obtained from above mentioned samples. Morphology of thirty isolates matched with that of Arthrobacter. Sixteen isolates showed strong positive results of biochemical and morphogenetic characteristics .Identification was confirmed with 16s rRNA technique. All sixteen isolates could grow in presence of at least twelve out of nineteen contaminants.used for biodegradative screening. On quantitative analysis the percentage degradation was found to be upto 90% for dye, 76% for inorganic pollutant and 80% for organic pollutant. Thus Arthrobacter could  go a long way  in environmental cleanup of pollutants.        

Keywords:  Biodegradative, qualitative, morphogenesis, dyes, inorganic.

Title: Assessment of biodegrading potential of Arthrobacter isolated and identified from sewage and soil samples of Ulhas river basin

Author: Sandhya Mulchandani, Saraswati Patel

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: This purpose of the present study is to study the medicinal and dietary properties of Cicer arietinum. Cicer arietinum is found to have many pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, cardiovascular, anticancer, antimicrobial activities. Carbohydrates, Protiens, Amino acid, phytosterls, phenolic compounds, tannins, amino acids and flavonoids. The present review also focuses on the active ingredients of  Cicer arietinum which impart the plant with with its medicinal and dietary properties.

Keywords: Chickpea, Cicer, ethnobotanical, medicinal, pharmaceutical, phytochemical.

Title: ETHNOBOTANICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL PROPERTIES OF MEDICINAL HERB CICER ARIETINUM - A REVIEW

Author: PUNEET KAUR, LOVENEET KAUR, AJAYPAL SINGH

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: To explore the effect of different ratio of Phenylalanine and Aspartic acid on longetivity and also quantify its effect at cellular and genetic level of C.elegans. Different ratio of phenylalanine and aspartic acid in ratio of 2:1, 1:2 and 1:1 were assessed. Treated C.elegans were compared with the negative control that was established by culturing normal C.elegans alone. For studying the behavioral assays, different parameters like brooding assay, lifespan assay and lethality assay were evaluated. Cellular toxicities was calculated by MTT assay. Genotoxicity assay indicated the impact on DNA fragmentation. Compared to the normal group, treated group exhibited reduced fecundity rate when treated with 1:2 ratio of Phe:Asp followed by 2:1 and 1:1 ratio. Moreover, these results were in consonance with the results obtained from longetevity assay, whereas the results obtained from lethality assay and MTT assay exhibited that 2:1 ratio of Phe:Asp was more toxic than 1:2 ratio followed 1:1 ratio.  DNA fragmentation was maximum in 2:1 ratio of Phe:Asp treated group. Aspartame exhibited apoptotic effect on C.elegans. Aspartic acid component of aspartame reduced the fecundity rate, whereas phenyalalanine component showed enhanced toxicity when compared to aspartic acid in lethality, MTT and DNA fragmentation assay. Results indicated that prolonged use of aspartame as an artificial sweetener may be genotoxic causing deleterious effects on the users.  

Keywords: Aspartame, Phenylalanine, Aspartic acid, MTT, DNA fragmentation.

Title: Long-term impact of Artificial Sweetener on Caenorhabditis elegnas

Author: Largee Biswas, Moushumi Das, Anita K. Verma

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Over 300 species of hibiscus are found worldwide which are basically represented to the Malvaceae family. Hibiscus sabdariffa is first found in the areas of sudan. It is commonly known as “Roselle” and “Karkade”. The main focus of this plant is its fleshy sepals which are commercially very valuable and increased its quality. This plant is used to make plethora of food items such as jellies, candies, sauces and act as flavonoids and coloring agent as well as utilized in many kinds of drinks. Hibiscussabdariffa has many more uses like cultivated as ornamental plants, having medicinal qualities due to the presence of vitamins, proteins, fatty substances, minerals, nutritional components and acids. Plant has very powerful solution against anticancer, anti-hypertension, obesity and anti-hyperlipdemic etc. Instead of this, hibiscus is consumed for different purposes such as herbal drinks in the forms of beverages, food and hallocinogentic   (a drug which causing hallucination) intakes to prevent from various ailments. Extract depicts anti-hypertensive, antioxidant, anti-pyretic, diuretic effect, anti- diabetic and anti-bacterial properties. Hibiscus sabdariffa is one of the famous crop which is gaining the popularity to tackle with many serious disorders. The extract of roselle consist of saponins, glycosides, alkonoids and flavonoids. It represents antibacterial activities against Bacillus stearothermophilus, Clostridium sporogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus.

Keywords:  Hibiscus, Ethnobotanical, Traditional, Pharmaceutical, Therapeutic, Anti-cancer.

Title: MEDICAL USES OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (ROSELLE)

Author: HARINDER KAUR, LOVENEET KAUR, AJAYPAL SINGH

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The gram-positive and non-spore forming gut associated bacterium of Lactobacillus in freshwater cultivable fishes were investigated to assess the colonization pattern and characterization using standard microbiological procedures. We analyzed the bacterial diversity in the gastrointestinal tract of Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, and Cyprinus carpio. The results show that the high diversity of bacteria were present and scarcely observed the bacterium Lactobacillus. The isolates LrMK2 and CmMK4 of Lactobacillus were selected and their morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization were identified. Further, it was selected for the evaluation of probiotic properties concludes that selective isolates LrMK2-Lactobacillus plantarum and CmMK4 – Lactobacillus equicursoris, which is potentially probiotics. The promising potential probiotic candidates were identified by 16S rRNA sequence and it was edited, aligned and submitted to NCBI

Keywords: Intestinal bacteria, Inland fishes, Lactobacillus sp., 16S rRNA profiling, Phylogenetic study.

Title: Assemblage and characterization of Lactobacillus associated with gut of freshwater cultivable fishes of South India

Author: Muthukumar.P, C.Kandeepan, R.V. Kalaimathi

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Distribution of macrobenthic organisms in estuaries are mainly based on the optimal physico-chemical nature of the estuaries. The nature of estuaries is being modified by the climatic changes and also the manmade activities.  In the presents study, the distribution and seasonal variations of macrobenthic faunal composition in 5 different major estuaries were assessed from South east Coast of Tamilnadu (Manakkudi estuary, Thengaipattinam estuary Rajakkamangalam estuary, Punnaikayal estuary and Vembar estuary). Totally 64 species of macrofaunal species have been recorded in various estuaries.  Among the benthic groups, polychaetes were the most dominant group in the present study followed by other faunal groups. The maximum diversity (H’) value (4.12) was observed in (st-1) Manakkudi estuary during summer season compared to other estuaries and the minimum diversity value (1.53) was recorded in (st-3) Rajakkamangalam estuary during monsoon season. BIO-EN method proved the salinity, DO, silt, clay, TOC and total phosphorous as the major environmental variables influencing the faunal distribution.    

Keywords: Macrobenthos, Polychaetes, Community structure, Estuaries, Diversity. 

Title: Diversity of macrobenthos in the estuaries of south Tamil Nadu

Author: P. Selvaraj, M. Muniasamy, P. Murugesan

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: synthetic dyes pollution spreading everywhere,  isolation and identification of dye degrading bacterial strains  is a difficult process, it need several methods, screening, identification by biochemical and molecular methods, In this direction we isolated three strains of bacteria which were capable of  maximum decolorisation and degradation of   Reactive red-11 a synthetic dye, derived from the naphthalene as raw material, contains more than one sulphonic acid groups confirms the recalcitrant and xenobiotic character of dye. Work is proceeded with isolating novel dye degrading bacterial  strains by various samples, through that  efficient bacterial strains were isolated namely- Enterococcus casseliflavus CMGS-1, Lysinibacillus boronitolerans CMGS-2, Klebsiella oxytoca CMGS-3, were selected dye efficient when results were analyzed and through 16srRNA sequencing analysis method and  sequence deposited in GenBank with an accession number-, KT602856, KT602857, KT602858 and also organism deposited in the IMTECH (Chandigarh) with an MTCC num-12538, 12531 and 12532 respectively.

Keywords: dye degrading bacterial strains, biochemical, molecular methods.

Title: A methodology - for Isolation of dye degrading bacterial strains

Author: Madhuri R. Basutkar

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Nelumbo nucifera is a perennial aquatic plant belonging to family Nelumbonaceae, also known by various common names such as Indian lotus, bean of India, sacred lotus or only lotus. This plant grows in lakes of Kashmir naturally and in many Kashmiri cuisines its stem is being used extensively. This plant has been a part of Indian cultural traditions and is one of the most important medicinal plants. Lotus is also used for its religious activities and various parts of the plant have brilliant food values. Lotus has been used as a medicinal herb in China and India. All the different plant parts like leaves, seeds, flower, and rhizome have been used in traditional medicines for curing several medicines since ages. N.nucifera has also been used in various kinds of medicine including folk medicines, Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, and oriental medicines. In medicine's traditional system, the plant has been used for treating smallpox, cough, fever, cholera, hepatopathy, diarrhea, cancer, tissue inflammation, insomnia and to overcome various nervous disorders. The current review addresses the importance of N.nucifera in traditional medicines, its ethnobotanical, therapeutic activities.

Keywords: Ethnobotanical, Lotus, Nelumbo, Therapeutic.

Title: A BRIEF REVIEW ON ETHNOBOTANICAL AND THERAPEUTICAL USES OF Nelumbo nucifera

Author: PRABHSIMRAN KAUR, LOVENEET KAUR, AJAYPAL SINGH

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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