Vol 6 Issue 3 July 2018-September 2018

Abstract: An ever-increasing cost of chemical fertilizers and widening gap between demand and supply necessitated the utilization of biofertilizers as partial substitute to the chemical fertilizers. Azolla has a strong capacity of absorbing potassium from water within the range of 1-50 ppm and the K content of azolla increased in logarithmic form and used for its biomass production (Kannaiyan, 1990).  Azollae filiculoides grown with 2 agriculturally important potassic fertilizers (Potassium Chloride, Potassium shulphate) as main plot in eight concentrations (0, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm of K) as sub-plots in split plot design replicated thrice. Potassium sulphate was superior and significantly produced 3.59 g g-1 of biomass of azolla. With respect to concentration, 40 ppm of K recorded highest biomass of 6.08 g g-1 on 30th day of incubation. Though the biomass production was more during 30th day of incubation and the growth rate was more on 15th day of incubation. The K fertilizer such as KCl and K2SO4 significantly influenced the protein content in azolla during all the days of incubation. The K2SO4 with 40 ppm concentration was significantly superior in maintaining higher protein content in azolla during all the days of incubation followed by 30 ppm of K2SO4 at all the stages of incubation except 90th day of incubation.

Title: Biomass production and protein content of azolla cultured under K enriched water

Author: S.Muruganayaki, A.Jeyachitra, S.Jothimani

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: In India hematological malignancies as a group were the sixth most common with 8.77% patients. Serious illness has an adverse effect on patients, family, relatives and friends. Leukemia patients suffer from multidimensional experience related to physical symptoms, psychological distress, existential concerns, and social-relational worries. Unfortunately, many of these caregivers are risking their own personal wellbeing and sometimes their family life in the process. Many caregivers are not fully aware of the short and long term consequences of doing it all alone because they are so overwhelmed with managing their daily tasks and responsibility.

Quantitative approach using descriptive design was adopted for the present study. The sample for the present study was comprised of the caregivers of leukemia patients who were regularly attending OPD with patient in selected hospitals under study and is main family caregiver. One hundred fifty caregivers of patients suffering from leukemia were included in member. Paper and pencil techniques were selected to collect data regarding knowledge of caregivers    of leukemia patients. Data collection was done using standardized Care burden (Novak and Guest’s) Caregiver Burden Inventory. Results shows that majority of caregivers of leukemia patients had sever care burden. The study found that mean care burden score was high and thus required intervention.  As observed in findings, maintaining and improving the health care status of the caregiver of leukemia patients is very important and thus caregivers need support to take care of their near ones.

Keywords: Caregiver, leukemia and care burden.

Title: DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF CARE BURDEN AMONG CAREGIVERS OF LEUKEMIA PATIENTS

Author: Ms Rekha Rani Nar, Prof. Kanwaljit Gill MN, Phd

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The present work analyzed major chemical components present in the methanolic extracts of tubers of Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC. of Fabaceae, Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. of Convolvulaceae and Adenia hondala (Gaertn.) de Wilde of Passifloraceae. The tubers were collected from different forest areas of Kerala. Powders of the tubers were extracted successively with HPTLC grade Methanol. Phytochemical screening of the tuber extracts of these plants showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, steroids and flavonoids. HPTLC finger printing of methanolic extract of tuber of P. tuberosa revealed 8 peaks with R_f values in the range of 0.21 to 0.84; methanolic extract of I. mauritiana showed 5 peaks with R_f values in the range of 0.21 to 0.47 and methanolic extract of A. hondala tuber revealed 8 peaks with R_f values in the range of 0.11 to 0.98. HPTLC finger print analysis of the extract demonstrated the presence of possible number of components and the consistent quality of chemical constituents.

Keywords: Pueraria tuberosa, Ipomoea mauritiana, Adenia hondala, Phytochemical screening, HPTLC Finger printing, Methanolic extract, R_f values.

Title: Phytochemical screening and HPTLC Fingerprint analysis of tuber extracts of Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC., Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. and Adenia hondala (Gaertn.) de Wilde

Author: Bindu T K, P S Udayan

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Plant breeding programmes are under tremendous pressure to breed for better crop varieties to cop up with increased demand for food coming from rapid and exponential increase of the population. Wild relatives of crop plants have always been source of important breeding traits. Feeble studies have been conducted to document this rich source of genes in Palakkad despite the efforts of NBPGR. In this context we have undertook a pilot study to document the wild relatives of crop plants of Palakkad district and also enable to understand wild relatives of some commonly cultivated plants. The study reflects that future plant breeding experiments can rely be conducted to improve the crop plants and there by enhance the germplasm on these rich source of useful traits for the production of improved varieties.

Keywords: Wild relatives, Cultivated plants, Palakkad, Kerala.

Title: Comparison on the Wild Relatives of Some Cultivated Plants of Palakkad District, Kerala

Author: Neena A, Mahesh Mohanan P, Resmi M.S, Binu Thomas

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: This study evaluates the proximate, functional and pasting properties of complementary food made from acha flour fortified with cowpea flour.  Acha flours were substituted with cowpea flour at 10, 20, 30 and 40% proportions. An increase in the level of acha flour substitution resulted in a decrease in the protein content of the supplemented flour. However, addition of cowpea our resulted in an increase in the protein content, fat, crude fibre WAC and bulk density. Peak viscosity values ranged from 145.83 - 174.25RVU. Acha flour had higher peak viscosity while 40% substituted flour had the least peak viscosity as values decreased with increase in cowpea substitution. Trough and breakdown values ranged from 88.92-104.5 and 55.92-75.08RVU respectively. Final viscosity and setback values ranged from 204.92-214.08 and 105.42-124.17RVU respectively. Peak time and pasting temperature ranged from 5.02-5.21 min and 50.15-50.24⁰C respectively. Inclusion of cowpea increased the nutritional value of acha flour and substitution up to 20% of cowpea compared well with the gruels from the Acha flour.

Keywords: Acha Flour, Cowpea Flour, Pasting properties, Sensory properties, Complementary food.

Title: QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF COMPLEMENTARY FOODS MADE FROM ACHA (Digitaria exilis stapf) FLOUR SUPPLEMENTED WITH COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. walp) FLOUR

Author: Majekodunmi M.D., Olapade A.A.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Breast cancer in women is a major health burden worldwide. By evaluating the bone marrow cellularity, β-esterase activity, antibody titer, plaque forming cells (PFC), serum GGT-NO levels and cellular GSH-NO levels the ethanolic extract of Phallusia nigra was assessed for immunomodulatory activity against MDA-MB-231 bearing adult Swiss albino mice. A significant, dose dependent increase in bone marrow cellularity, β-esterase activity, decrease in serum GGT-NO and cellular GSH-NO was observed. Antibody titer and PFC was maximum on 15th and 6th day of treatment respectively in group IV treated with 150 mg/kg body weight of the extract. The bioactive compounds like 2-Piperidinone, Benzeneacetamide, Tetradecanoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phenol 3-pentadecyl, (Z,Z,Z)- phenylmethyl ester of 6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid, (z)-phenylmethyl ester of 9- Octadecenoic acid, Cholesterol, Cholestan-3-ol and 3-hydroxy-(3a,17a)-Spiro [androst-5-ene- 17,l’-cyclobutan]-2’-one  reported as per the previous GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extract of Phallusia nigra might have modulated the immune system.

Keywords: immunomodulatory, Phallusia nigra, MDA-MB-231.

Title: IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITIES OF TUNICATE-PHALLUSIA NIGRA SAVIGNY, 1816 ON MDA-MB-231 CELL LINES

Author: M. Paripoorana Selvi, V. K. Meenakshi

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Bambusa tulda (Poaceae) being the most useful bamboo species in terms of construction is also associated with the health-promoting effects. The aim of this study is to carry out the identification of bioactive compounds from the hydomethanolic extract of Bambusa tulda leaf by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis of hydromethanolic extract was done by standard photocol using MRM method in GC-MS revealing the presence of seven bioactive compounds like p-hydroxy benzoic acid, salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, o-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid and 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. All the identified phytocompounds except o-coumaric acid have proven anti-diabetic activity. Hence the presence of these phytoconstituents substantiates the pharmacological activities of Bambusa tulda leaf particularly as a potential candidate for anti-diabetic activity. However, detailed studies are needed to elucidate their exact mechanism of action in various disorders.

Keywords: Anti-diabetic; Bambusa tulda; GC-MS; phytoconstituents.

Title: GC-MS profiling of phytocomponents from hydromethanolic fraction of Bambusa tulda leaf: a potential candidate for anti-diabetic activity

Author: Swarna Kamal Dey, Birendra Kumar Brahma, Arvind Kumar Goyal

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Pest is a major problem for agriculture and economy. Pesticides are very effective for eradication of pest. Worldwide use of pesticide is an important tool for successful agricultural production. Organophosphate pesticides are now widely used pesticide to reduce the farm production loss. Chlorpyrifos is a widely used and successful organophosphate pesticide. Pesticides are very toxic chemicals. Though these pesticides are used in agricultural field but these pesticides contaminate the nearby water body. Thus like other agricultural runoff pesticides, chlorpyrifos also affect the non target organism such as fish. Chlorpyrifos is very toxic to fishes which are an important part of human food chain. This review will highlight the composition, use and toxic effect of chlorpyrifos on the physiology of fishes.

Keywords: pesticide, organophosphate, chlorpyrifos, effect of toxicity.

Title: Effect of Chlorpyrifos toxicity on non target fresh water fishes: A Review

Author: Saumya Biswas

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Endoparasitic fauna and Condition factor of Synodontis euptera and Auchenoglanis occidentalis from Lower River Benue, Nigeria was determined. Out of the 90 samples of S. euptera, used for the study, 24 smples were infested with 61 parasites; while stomach accounted for 27 parasites belonging to one species of nemtoda (40. 74% Eustrongylydes sp.,Plate 1) and cesdtoda (48.15% Diphilobothrium latum, Plate 2), intestine had 34 parasites belonging to two species of nematoda (26.47% Eustrongylydes sp, 14.71% Cocullanus sp., Plate 3) and one species of cesdtoda (67.65% Diphilobothrium latum). Of the 90 samples of A. occidentalis, 19 smples were infested with 57 parasites; while stomach accounted for 28 parasites belonging to one species of nemtoda (46.43% Eustrongylydes sp) and cesdtoda (53.57% Diphilobothrium latum), intestine recorded 19 parasites belonging to one species of nematoda (31.58% Eustrongylydes sp) and cesdtoda (68.42% Diphilobothrium latum).Parasitic prevalence of 26.67% and 21.11% were recorded for S.  euptera and A. occidentalis, respectively. Variation in percentage helminth parasites existed among the length groups of S. euptera being most prevalent (50.82%) in length group 30.1-40.00cm but lowest (4.92%) in length group 0-20.0cm. Also, variation in percentage helminth parasites existed among the length groups of A. occidentalis being most prevalent (61.70%) in length group 31.2-46.70cm but lowest (10.64%) in length group 15.60-31.20cm. The highest K of infected male (0.91-+0.29) and female (1.21+_0.00) of S. euptera were recorded in the month of October while the lowest (0.75±0.08) and (0.72±0.00) were recorded in the month of September. Highest K (1.58=+0.32) and (1.51 +-0.29) for uninfected male and female were recorded in the month of July.  In addition highest K of infected male (1.3+-0.03) and female (1.43+-0.02) for A. occidentalis were recorded in the month of October 2017, while the lowest (0.97+-0.01 and 0.94+-0.02) where recorded in the month of September, 2017. Whereas highest k (1.78+0.35 and 1.73+-0.32) of male and female A.occidentalis was recorded in the month of July, 2017 while the lowest (1.10+-0.06 and 1.07+-0.15) were recorded in the month of September, 2017. Female S. euptera had higher percentage parasite infestation (55.74%) from 62.55% infected fish samples than the male (44.26%) parasites from 37.5% infested fish. Also, female A. occidentalis had higher parasite infestation (65.45%) from 63.16% infected fish than the male with 34.55% parasite infestation from 36.84% infected fish. 

Keywords: Endoparasitic fauna, Condition factor, Synodontis euptera, Auchenoglanis, Occidentalis, Lower River Benue, Nigeria.

Title: Endoparasitic fauna and Condition factor of two fish species from Lower River Benue, Nigeria

Author: OMEJI, S., GARBA, A.A., AGBO, J.O.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Malnutrition in related to protein deficiency is widespread in the developing nations, but even more so in the developing regions of the world. It can affect all age groups, especially young children and women. Micronutrient malnutrition has many adverse effects on human health, not all of which are clinically evident. Even moderate levels of deficiency can have serious detrimental effects on human body functioning and behavior. In the wealthier countries, higher incomes, greater access to a wider variety of micronutrient-rich and fortified foods, and better health services, are all factors that contribute to the lowering the risk and prevalence of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM). Soybean is one of the chief sources of nutritional components like proteins with potential functionality and bio-availability; also fermented soy products have high nutritional quality with elevated anti nutritional compounds.  Present study has been planned based on the protein rich soya flour, where bread was fortified and developed to mitigate the protein energy malnutrition (PEM). In this study defatted soy flour was incorporated into the bread and standardized the protein rich product with the semi trained sensory panel members.

Keywords: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Soy flour, Bread, Fortification.

Title: Effect of Composite Flour on Quality and Nutritional Properties of Bread

Author: Manjula K, Jhansi D, Sudha S

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: About 31 different moist humus rich soil samples were collected from different locations in and around Egmore, Chennai and preliminarily screened by plate assay using Czapex dox medium without carbon source, instead asparagine is used as carbon source and Phenol red is used as indicator which shows pink holo zone from pale yellow colour indicating production of the asparaginase enzyme. From the screening, eight different isolates were showed positive results indicating pink holo zone around the colony. Among the eight isolate N1 showed maximum zone of 5.3 cm whereas enzyme assay by nesselerisation method also revealed isolate N7 showed higher asparaginase activity which was found to be 5.0622 U/ml .  From the slide culture the isolate N1 & N7 is identified as Fusarium sp.

Keywords: Asparaginase, Fusarium sp and Phenol red indicator.

Title: PRODUCTION OF ASPARAGINASE ENZYME BY FILAMENTOUS FUNGI

Author: Monisha. D, Anitha. R, Prabhakaran .M

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Overall physical ability of a fish can be evaluated by the estimation of the swimming performance under controlled environment. The critical swimming speed of juvenile Tilapia mossambica (Fork length 1.1cm±0.1, mean±S.D., N=8) was estimated using customized Brett type swimming tunnel with controlled water velocity. The critical swimming speed (U_crit.) of juvenile T. mossambica was 8.8 BL S^-1 (body length) with average swimming duration was 46.25±13.1 minute (mean±S.D.) and average travelled distance was 198.8±22.68 meter (mean±S.D.). The length of undulatory caudal region of T. mossambica was 43.68%±2.10 and 37.48%±1.30 (mean±S.D.) against FL (Fork Length) and SL (Standard Length) respectively. The mechanistic model of the caudal fin propulsion gives assumptions of the basic swimming dynamics and metabolic expenses during the carangiform type of swimming in T. mossambica.

Keywords: Swimming performance, Tilapia mossambica, Critical swimming speed, Aspect ratio.

Title: Estimation of swimming performance of juvenile Tilapia mossambica (Jones and Sarojini, 1952) under controlled environment

Author: Biplab Mahata, Tilak Das, Rajlakshmi Khan

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The study was carried out to find out the effect of isolated gut probiotics on the growth performance of freshwater fish fingerlings Labeo rohita. The beneficial effect of isolated gut probiotic Bacillus subtilis (SUB3845847 SeqJP2 MH128358) on weight, length, Weight gain percentage and Specific growth rate (SGR) of freshwater fish Labeo rohita for the period of 30 days.  The two tub such as control tub (fed without probiotics) and experimental tub 1 (feed fed with Bacillus subtilis SUB3845847 SeqJP2 MH128358) were maintained and 30 fingerlings were introduced into each tub and continuous aeration was given. At the end of the evening 15 days, fish weight and length were measured up to 30 days. Results indicate that weight and length were significantly increased in the experimental tub than the control tub. Isolated gut probiotic diet improved digestive activity and stimulate the growth performance of freshwater fish Labeo rohita.

Keywords: Bacillus subtilis (SUB3845847 SeqJP2 MH128358), Growth performance, fingerlings Labeo rohita.

Title: Influences of Isolated Gut Probiotic Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance of Freshwater fish Labeo rohita

Author: S. Jayaprakash, Dr. K. Parvathi, C. Kalamani

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The genus Andrographis which belongs to the family Acanthaceae comprises about 40 species. Only a few are famous for their use in folk medicine for different health concerns. Carbohydrate, coumarins, glycosides, phenol saponin, steroids, and tannin are present in the methanol extract of Andrographis paniculata and Andrographis echioides. The efficiency of antimicrobial activity from the aqueous and various solvents extract of ethnomedicines were screened against gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio cholera and gram-positive bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Lactococcus lactis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial activity of A. paniculata showed the maximum activity in ethyl acetate extract among the tested crude extracts such as methanol, aqueous cold and boiled against the tested human pathogen  The A. echioides showed maximum activity in ethyl acetate extracts is  30 mm against B. subtilis and E. cloacae, 28 mm against S. aureus, followed by 28 mm against P. aeruginosa, 25 mm against V. cholera and S. aureus in methanol extract, 24 mm against E. coli in ethyl acetate extract and 18 mm against L. lactis both  ethyl acetate  and methanol extracts  and 19 mm   against P. aeruginosa in methanol extract. The difference of the antimicrobial activity has dependent on the concentration and types of active principle present in the extracts.

Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, Andrographis echioides, human pathogenic bacteria, phytochemicals.

Title: Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Studies of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees and Andrographis echioides (L.) Nees

Author: Ramesh Narayanaperumal, Hari Poun Raj, Rajesh Govindan, Babu Rao Karasala, Rajanikanth Garapati

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The seasonal variations in protein content of fresh water fish Puntius sarana from Godavari River at Nanded region, Maharashtra State were observed from April 2015 to March 2016. The obtained results showed that protein content was high in the month of July (16.9 ± 1.20) the lowest was in the January (13.9± 1.50) and December (14.2± 1.20). Then there was a slight increase in the protein content in the month of February, March, April,May and June which ranges 14.3 ± 1.70, 14.7 ± 1.50, 15.1 ± 1.30, 16.2 ± 1.40, 16.3 ± 1.60 g/g tissue respectively. Variation of protein content during different seasons of the year helps nutritionists and researchers who are striving to improve the nutritive value, processing and marketing of endangered fish species and in fishing industry.

Keywords: Protein, Monthly variations, seasonal variations, Puntius sarana.

Title: VARIATION OF PROTEIN CONTENTS IN THE MUSCLE OF FISH PUNTIUS SARANA (HAMILTON) FROM GODAVARI RIVER AT NANDED REGION, MAHARASHTRA STATE

Author: M.M.Deshmukh, K.S.Shillewar

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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