Vol 6 Issue 3 July 2018-September 2018

Abstract: Milletia puguensis is a distinctive liana found only in Pugu forest in Tanzania. The liana has difficulties in flowering and seeds setting, limiting possibilities of it being propagated through seeds. A vegetative method for its propagation is presented in this work. M. puguensis has been propagated through rooting of its single-node leafy stem cuttings in a non-mist plant propagator. While 54% of the cuttings rooted, 30% died and 16% were still alive but not rooted after 51 days in the propagator. Nodes 3 to 5 of the shoots showed very good rooting ability compared to other nodes. Rooted cuttings inoculated with live mycorrhizas, had significantly higher height, stem diameter and leaf area, after 133 days growth with the live mycorrhizal inoculum. In addition, there was a positive correlation between percent mycorrhizal infection, with cutting height, stem diameter and leaf area. From this work it can be concluded that, rooting of single-node leafy stem cuttings and mycorrhizal infections, can be effectively employed in propagation of the endangered liana M. puguensis for conservation purposes.

Keywords: Milletia puguensis, Stem cuttings, rooting, non-mist propagator, mycorrhizas.

Title: Propagation and mycorrhizal effects on Millettia puguensis (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae) a liana endemic to Pugu Forest Reserve, Tanzania

Author: Francis S. Magingo

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Objective is to investigate the total phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activites of Samadera indica flower and flower stalk extracts and also to investigate components of essential oils from flower and flower stalk of Samadera indica.

Method: Total phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids content, DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power activity, phosphomolybdenum activity, metal chelating activity, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of crude extracts, cytotoxic activity, antibacterial screening were evaluated. The extraction of essential oils by steam distillation and GCMS data were analyzed.

Results: The total phenols, flavonoids and carotenoids of Samadera indica methanol extract of flower and flower stalk were determined and were found to be 96.64 ± 0.136 mg catechol equ per gram, 119.81 ± 0.236 mg quercetin equ per gram and 80.46 ± 0.135 mg β-carotene equ per gram for flower and 87.69151 ± 0.15 mg catechol equ per gram, 104.48 ± 0.136 mg quercetin equ per gram and 65.71 ± 0.581 mg β-carotene equ per gram for flower stalk.  The antioxidant activity of the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Samadera indica flower and flower stalk were investigated using reducing power assay, metal chelating assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay, Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay, Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and phosphomolybdenum assay.  Methanol extracts of flower and flower stalk showed more activity on DPPH assay, reducing power assay and metal chelating activity assay than other extracts and their activity increased with increasing concentration of extracts. The antioxidant activity of the flower and flower stalk methanol extracts were  found to be 96.314 and 104.18 μg/ml for hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, 115.28 and 135.96 mg equivalent of ascorbic acid/100 g of plant extract by phosphomolybdenum method. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of  methanol extracts  are quite comparable to the standard Mannitol of the assay. The antibacterial studies on various extracts of flower and flower stalk of plant showed that methanol extracts showed good inhibitory activity against all the test pathogens compared with standard antibiotics streptomycin and penicillin.The remarkable cytotoxic activity showed by flower and flower stalk methanol extracts could be attributed to the synergic effect of the active compounds present in them.

Conclusions: The presence of major bioactive compound, phytol in flower essential oil  and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl methyl ester in flower stalk essential oil revealed to use  flower and flower stalk (pedicel and peduncle) of the plant in drug delivery, nutritional or pharmaceutical fields.

Keywords: Flower and flower stalk of Samadera indica, GC-MS analysis, bioactive compounds.

Title: INVESTIGATION ON ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL AND ESSENTIAL OILS OF FLOWER AND FLOWER STALK OF SAMADERA INDICA FROM SOUTH INDIA

Author: Sindhu C, Beena Jose

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: TGF-β Activated kinase 1, a serine threonine kinase, was first discovered as a member of the MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, named as MAP3K7, and is activated by TGF-β1. TAK1 is an extensively expressed kinase which, as the name implies, was originally spotted as a TGFβ-activated enzyme. In addition to TGF-β1, TAK1 can be activated by various other stimuli encompassing lipopolysaccharides, pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and environmental stress. TAK-1 is an intracellular hub molecule that regulates a wide array of cellular processes encompassing apoptosis, embryonic development, cellular differentiation and cell survival. Apart from these processes TAK-1 plays a very important role in regulating the mTOR pathway, which is a central pathway in the regulation of cellular proliferation and autophagy. Activation of TAK-1 requires its binding with certain binding partners, called as the TAK-1 binding proteins. The binding of these proteins to TAK-1 is stimuli dependent. We successfully generated various truncation mutants of TAK1 in mammalian expression system and assessed their activity in presence and absence of TAB1 (TAK 1 binding partner) using MKK7 as a substrate. We report that TAB1 is indispensable for the activity of TAK1.

Keywords: apoptosis, autophagy, kinase, lipopolysaccharides, pro-inflammatory.

Title: Deletion Mutagenesis of TAK-1: Role of TAB1 as an Activator

Author: Sabreena Aashaq, Asiya Batool, Khurshid I. Andrabi

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate extraction and the in-vitro free radical scavenging activity of Phyllanthus niruri. One or more of them phytoconstituents may be responsible for the antimutagenic, radioprotective properties. Qualitative phytochemical screening tests were performed to detect Phytochemicals in the different parts of herbs Aerial parts, Stem and Roots. Free radical scavenging activities of the different parts of herb extract were characterized by using Fenton reaction method. The result showed Antioxidant activity was found to be increased in a different concentration on the basis of dose dependent manner from 50-250 µg concentration with maximum Percent TBARS inhibition. The aerial parts have shown more active phytoconstituents and better free radical scavenging activity as compared to stem and roots of absolute alcoholic extract of Phyllanthus niruri.

Keywords: Antioxidant, Fenton reaction, Phyllanthus niruri, Antimutagenic.

Title: Phyllanthus niruri: AS Antioxidant

Author: Indu Thakur, Pratima Sharma

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Variation in water, lipid, protein in Muscle, Liver, Testis, Ovary of Fresh water fish Notopterus notopterus from Godavari River at Nanded Region Maharashtra State. Were observed from January 2017 to December 2017. 100 fishes with in 60 male and 40 female. It is observed that Notupterus notopterus contrains 21% protein which high protein compared to hen’s egg. 

Keywords: Water, lipid Protein in muscle Liver, and Gonad, Notopterus notopterus.

Title: Relationship between Water, Lipid and Protein in the Muscle, Liver and Gonad in a Freshwater Fish, Notopterus notopterus(Pallas)

Author: K.S.Shillewar, D.V. Totawar

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Mosquito species serves as a vector for the transmission of various diseases to human beings. One of these species, Aedes aegypti acts as a vector source for the spread of viral disease Dengue fever. Presently numerous chemi-insecticides and repellants are available which are commonly used as a preventive measure. But, use of these insecticides poses various other ill-effects which includes allergies like skin itching, encephalophathy skin eruption, respiratory disorders as well as harmful to environment. So overcome these adverse effects due to synthetic mosquitocides. There is a need to develop repellants and mosquito larvicidal from botanical origin. They are target specific, biodegradable, cheap, easily available and ecofriend to our environment.

The aim of present review is to shower light on biolarvicides to control vector Aedes aegypti from currently available research literature.  For this purpose, original research articles from major databases were studied. Our literature review show that 212 essential oils from 145 plant species belonging to 54 families which had been tested for larvicidal property against Aedes aegypti. These biolarvicides were extracted using various techniques and 19 different solvents.  Out of these, 57 extracts of essential oils  shows LC50 values less than 100ppm, 17 extracts shows LC50 values of less than 100mg/lit and 42 extracts has LC50 values less than 100 µg/ml. Biolarvicides are safe, effective, target specific, biodegradable and eco-friendly in nature. These should be promoted more to control vector species.

Keywords: Aedes aegypti, biolarvicides, LC50 and dengue fever.

Title: Review on Potential Eco-friendly Biolarvicides against Dengue Vector: Aedes aegypti (Linn) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Author: Laxmikant Shinde, Mamta Goyal, Ranjit Bayas, Satish Patil

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The present study deals with the soil samples collected from various places at Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India for isolation of Azospirillum isolates and investigated. The physico-chemical properties of rice soil samples were analyzed. Soil organic carbon content ranged from 0.272 to 0.55%, pH ranged from 7.3 to 8.3 and EC ranged from 0.59 to 2.70 dSm^-1.  The N status was categorized as low ranged from 112 to 160 kg ha^-1. The available potassium ranged from 90 to 245.50 kg ha^-1 and phosphorous ranged from 7.6 to 12.85 kg ha^-1. Five Azospirillum isolates were obtained, characterized and designated as SFA-1 to SFA-5. Out of five four belongs to Azospirillum brasilense and one belongs to Azospirillum lipoferum. One isolate observed to be nir⁺ and the remaining four nir^-. The inoculation of stress tolerant SFA–1 to rice plants increased plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root significantly, While other isolate treatment slightly increase the morphological parameters when compared to control (without adding N and Azospirillum). But, The Azospirillum SFA-1 inoculation at graded levels of nitrogen i.e., 75N + 25% Azospirillum increases the shoot and root growth, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root when compared to control considerably.

Keywords: microorganism, isolation, Azospirillum isolates,  appearance of Azospirillum culture,  saline soil,  rice plant.

Title: Characterization and crop production Efficiency of Diazotrophic bacterial isolates from coastal saline soils

Author: A. Venkatesan, S. Jayakumar, G. Mathan, R.Sridharan, P.Sundaramoorthy

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Microwaves are becoming an important part of our homes and so are their containers. These containers are usually made of plastic and this is what has raised concern. . Plastic is not a single substance as it is made up of several organic and inorganic compounds. Further, additives like phthalates and Bisphenol A (BPA) are added to plastic to make them soft, mouldable and shiny. However, these compounds have been reported to be toxic and endocrine disruptors. These chemicals are found to leach out into the food from the containers upon heating. Thus, regarding the possible toxicity generated due to microwavable plastic, this study attempts toxicological analysis of these containers in order to investigate their possible toxic effects on humans. To estimate and predict their effect a bacterial short term bioassay viz. Pseudomonas fluorescens growth inhibition assay was used to determine the toxicological effects of the containers provide with the microwave. A comparative study was done using a microwavable plastic and a glass container. The results revealed that containers provided with microwave can be considered safe and glass can be considered as an alternative to plastic containers.

Keywords: Microwave containers, BPA, Phthalate, Pseudomonas fluorescens growth inhibition assay.

Title: Toxicity Assessment of Microwavable Containers Provided With the Microwave

Author: Noopur Mathur, Nupur Mathur, Anuradha Singh, Pradeep Bhatnagar

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Birds always have been an organism of fascination to humans. Pond (eco) system attracts several aquatic bird species. They boast a good habitat and food-store in the form of aquatic vegetation, fishes, insects, crabs, molluscs, dipterans, etc. and procure a satisfying abode for the aquatic avian. Overcoming the anthropogenic disturbances and habitat destruction, few aquatic birds ‘check-in’ in these standing water (lowland) and its surrounding (shoreline/uplands). The study was conducted from January, 2015 to December, 2017. Three ponds, Sendh Pond, Jhanj Pond and Khandwa Pond, were selected for the study at Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh. Overall, including the three ponds, a total of 100 species of aquatic birds belonging to 9 orders and 23 families were recorded. Of them, 50 species were Resident(R), 46 species were Migratory (M), and 4 species were Local Migratoty(LM) catogories. According to the IUCN status (2017) 1 species was Vulnerable (VU), 6 species were Near Threatened (NT) 93 species were Least Concerned (LC). Also 1 species belonged to Schedule I of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Pond wise analysis for the aquatic birds under various categories was also done, to determine the difference amongst different ponds. Categorization, for feeding guild behaviour of aquatic birds, was also executed to find out the Insectivorous, Carnivorous, and Omnivorous aquatic birds. In the Omnivorous category, we interestingly worked out for the green feeders too, and identified the aquatic plants/ plant parts as bird food, supported by our field observations, and enlisted them in addition to the early available data of aquatic plants for the region. The Shanon-Weiner (Hʹ) diversity index from yearly population counts at the three ponds was also determined, while estimating and discussing the threats and their impact. This prudent work shall cover up the sustaining lacuna, and contribute for the baseline records and will be good paradigm for future works.

Keywords: Aquatic avian, Naya Raipur, Aquatic plants, food resource, guild behavior.

Title: Aquatic Avian Composition, Diversity and Their Food Resources in the Selected Ponds of Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

Author: Faiz Bux, A.M.K. Bharos

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is commonly known as Night Jasmine, Harshinghar and Parijat is an important traditional medicinal plant. Present study deals with preliminary phytochemical screening and quantification estimation of bioactive constituents like phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, tannins, terpenoids and proteins using standard methods. These are the constituents which produces definite physiological actions on human body. Medicinal value of the plant lies in presence of these chemical substances commonly known as secondary metabolites. Synthesis of these active ingredients is organ/stage specific depending on physiological condition of the plant, different environmental parameters such as temperature and rainfall.  Crude ethanolic extracts from leaf, stem, flower and fruits of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis plant were prepared using Soxhlet method. Presence of major phytochemicals like Phenolics, Flavonoids and Alkaloids had been detected in all the extracts whereas quinones, anthraquinones and carboxylic acids were found to be absent in all plant parts extracts. Quantitative analysis showed that Flower and Stem extracts possess higher phenolics (40.63 and 28.02 mg of GAE/g DW), Flavonoids (362.62 and 120.43 mg of QE/g DW) and Alkaloids (87.08 and 41.29 mg of AE/g DW) compared to Leaf and Fruit extracts. From this data, it can be concluded that both Flower and Stem extracts could be a good source of important bioactive constituents possessing valuable therapeutic compounds.

Keywords: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Phytochemical screening, Phenolics, Flavonoids, Alkaloids.

Title: Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Quantitative Analysis of crude extracts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Indigenous to South Gujarat region

Author: Smita Parekh, Apurva Patel, Anjali Soni, Preeti Sharma

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: In this work, a general profile of circulating cells (or hemocytes) in the hemolymph of the sand lobster, Thenus orientalis has been studied, which includes total hemocyte count (THC), identification of various hemocyte morphotypes and their relative proportion in circulation (differential hemocyte count or DHC). Mean THC was found to be 3 × 106 cells/ml. Three distinct hemocyte morphotypes were identified in the systemic circulation of the lobster namely, hyaline, semigranular and granular cell types with a relative proportion of 43 %, 30 % and 27 % respectively  In addition, this paper also highlight an attempt to isolate different hemocyte morphotypes using percoll by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. Separation of lobster hemocyte morphotypes through this method yielded partially successful result, in which two bands were obtained. The first band was found in between 20 and 40 % percoll gradient and was populated with large number of hyaline hemocytes and semigranular type 1 cells. The second band appeared in between 40 and 60 % percoll gradient and majorly consisted of granular and semigranular type 3 cells. A minor population of semigranular type 2 cells were seen in both the bands.

Keywords: Hemocytes, THC, DHC, Morphotype separation, Percoll density gradient centrifugation.

Title: STUDIES ON THE PROFILE OF HEMOCYTES WITH AN ATTEMPT TO SEPARATE DIFFERENT HEMOCYTE SUB – POPULATIONS FROM THE HEMOLYMPH OF THE SAND LOBSTER, THENUS ORIENTALIS (LUND, 1793)

Author: Vasudevan Vaishnavi, Periasamy Mullainadhan, Mohammed Farzana Yasmeen

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: A Behavioral  and  evolutionary  strategy adapted by female  spiders in  the form  of  parental care to raise their young ones in  few  rare  species of  spiders were studied over a period of one year  (August 2015 to August 2016). While   going through the field work and study of biodiversity of  Dakshina Kannada spiders,  the parental care exhibited  by the female  spiders  1) Thelcticopis  species of  family Sparassidae  2) Acantheis  species of  Cteneidae family and  3) Brettus cingulatus  species of  Salticidae  family were observed and studied. The results revealed that, all these species showed the parental investment of efforts to take care of their young ones was very prominent and evident even though the behavioral pattern varied from species to species.

Keywords: Ctenidae, Dakshina Kannada, Parental Care, Salticidae, Sparrassidae, Spiders.

Title: Study of Parental care in Spider species of Sparrassidae, Ctencidae and Salticidae family in Dakshina Kannada District of Karnataka State

Author: Jnaneshwari.S.Joshi, M.Venkateswarlu

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: An exhaustive study was conducted for five years to record seasonal favourability of Spiders belonging to the family Araneidae in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, India. Spiders were collected by standard methods and 19 Families were identified of which family Araneidae formed 16% of all the obtained spider fauna with a total of 391 individuals belonging to 11 genus & 28 species. The results of the study showed that majority of the spiders of family Araneidae were obtained during  months of  June to December (35.71% ) showing seasonal favourability to Monsoon and Winter season and  least obtained during  months of March, April and May (3.57%) showing least seasonal favourability to Summer season.

Keywords: Arachnida, Aranae, Araneidae, Dakshina Kannada, Seasonal favourability, Spiders.

Title: Seasonal Favourability of Spiders Belonging to Family Araneidae in Dakshina Kannada District of Karnataka

Author: Jnaneshwari.S.Joshi, Venkateswarlu.M

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals