Vol 6 Issue 1 April 2018-September 2018

Abstract: The study examined the impact of capital structure on the performance of listed manufacturing firms in Ghana. The study made use of the annual reports of the twelve (12) listed manufacturing companies from 2010 to 2016 financial years. The leverage of the firms was used as a measure of capital structure whilst both return on capital employed (ROCE) and return on equity (ROE) were used as proxies for performance. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model was used to estimate the impact of capital structure (leverage) on the performance of the firms. The study found empirical evidence to support that the capital structure (leverage) had a significant negative impact on both return on capital employed and return on equity of the listed manufacturing firms in Ghana. Additionally, the study provides evidence that the control variables - firm age and industry of the firms - have a significant positive impact on both ROCE and ROE. However, the impact of firm size on ROCE was not significant. Overall, the evidence obtained supports the conclusion that capital structure (leverage) has a negative and significant impact on performance of the Ghanaian listed manufacturing firms. The study, thus, recommends that the management of manufacturing firms consider a reduction in their debt level in order to increase their performance.

Keywords: Capital Structure, Leverage, Capital Irrelevance, Agency Cost, Return on Capital Employed, Return on Equity, Ghana.

Title: The Impact of Capital Structure on Corporate Performance: An Empirical Study of Ghanaian Listed Manufacturing Companies

Author: Alfred Bassaw Morrison

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this research paper is to identify the loopholes and low rate of potential employee retainment, along with examining the reasons and solutions to be provided to the industry for the benefit of employees and the Industry both. The Study was being made to understand, how to identify the high potential employees, traits of these employees, growth path and opportunities that they can survive on and most importantly how to retain these gems in any organization despite of, whether they are from Retail, Banking, Manufacturing, FMCG, IT etc. The study was done based on the literature, the facts and figures linked with retention of potential employees along with employees’ motivation and industry effectiveness. The study of this topic addresses three major issues: First and foremost, how to retain the valuable and potential employees in the organization, the second, how to convert High Performing employees into High Potential Employee (HIPOs) or vice versa and third, how to make employees fall in love with the organization. The study aimed at multiple factors: the major reasons of resigning by any potential employees (HIPOs) depends 80% on the behavior of immediate boss, different attractive opportunities provided by competitors as well as enhancing the role of super boss or top management in sustaining the potential employee in the work system to decrease the attrition rate. The retention of an efficient employee sometimes also depends on other aspects. For example- Workplace environment, Work life balance, People in the team, Promotion opportunities, Increment system  etc. The study recommends that by retaining a Positive and Healthy Boss, will always be a wise step to retain any potential employee in the organization.

Keywords: HIPOs, Retaining, Attrition, Employee Satisfaction, Potential Employees.

Title: Retaining High potential employee (HIPOs) in the organization: A Why & How?

Author: Dr. Sonal Jauhari, Dr. Snigdharani Mishra

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This research is aimed to know and analyze the service market segment that is formed, and know the service group based on the similarity level among the existing service. The research variables are physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and overall service. The research analysis is cluster analysis that serves to make group classification and summarize a number of objects to be less based on similarity or distance of inequality. Cluster analysis with two methods, namely K-Means Cluster and Cluster Hierarchy. The result of the research is the café consumer market segment that formed three Cluster groups, the first Cluster as "Cluster of Physical Evidence", the second Cluster as "Cluster Guarantee", and the third Cluster as "Cluster of Overall Service". There are also three groups of cafes based on service at the similarity level between cafes, namely group one is Sister Cafe, the second group is the Grand Cafe and Cafe 14 Mili, and group 3 is Glovic Cafe.

Keywords: Segments, Services, Groups, Similarities, Summarizes, and Clusters.

Title: Market Segmentation and Service Group: Summarizing Segment Groupings and Similarities to Establish Clusters

Author: Lingga Kencana

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This research aims to develop hybrid business strategies for small and medium enterprises in Bali. The population in this research are the SMEs in Bali. There are 135 people who are the sample of this research and they are SME managers that design the business strategy used by the SME. The data analysis technique used is the Exploratory Factor Analysis. The research results show that there are four hybrid business strategies formed, namely: partnership and service strategy; innovation and promotion strategy; promotion strategy; and differentiation and innovation strategy. This shows that SMEs in general can combine several business strategies. This is done by SMEs in order to increase their business performance. The theoretical implication of this research is the revelation of new hybrid business strategies in which are the combination of several business strategies applied by SMEs. Meanwhile, the practical implication and recommendation from this research is for SMEs in Bali to maintain and develop their business by combining available business strategies in the hope that this can improve customer satisfaction and result in the increase in SME performance.

Keywords: innovation strategy, differentiation strategy, service strategy, partnership strategy, promotion strategy, hybrid business strategy.  

Title: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HYBRID BUSINESS STRATEGY MODEL FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTREPRISES (SME) IN BALI PROVINCE

Author: Ni Nyoman Kerti Yasa, I Putu Gde Sukaatmadja, I G.A.K. Giantari

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: As a company earns profits it can it can pay it back to its investors as dividends or it can retain it within the business for reinvesting. It may however decide to apportion the surplus to both. In taking any of the above courses of action, managers should concentrate on how to maximize the wealth of shareholders for whom the firm is being managed. Decision making about dividend policy is one of the most important decision that companies have to make. Dividend policy is dependent on lots of factors such as type of industry, trends of profits, taxation policy and liquidity. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of dividend policy on the financial performance of non financial firms listed at the NSE. The study period was a five year period i.e. 2010-2014. This study involved the use of a descriptive research design using a sample of 46 firms listed at the NSE. This study found that Payout Ratio had no significant positive effect on ROE and not significant negative effect on ROA. Leverage had a significant negatively effect ROE and no significant negative effect on ROA. Liquidity had no significant negative effect on ROE and a significant positive effect on ROA.  The firm size and leverage had a significant negative effect on ROE and no significant negative effect on ROA the other variables (dividend payout ratio and liquidity) had the same results as without the firm size. The study concluded that the major factors that affect financial performance of listed firms are; Payout Ratio, liquidity and leverage.

Keywords: The author gives 5 – Dividend Policy, Dividend Payout, Leverage, Liquidity, financial performance.

Title: EFFECT OF DIVIDEND POLICY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF NON FINANCIAL FIRMS LISTED AT NAIROBI SECURITY EXCHANGE

Author: Sheila Mukanzi, Edah Kavwanyiri, Dr. Julius Bichanga Miroga

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper contributes to the capital structure literature by investigating the effect of capital structure on growth of agricultural firms in Kenya listed on NSE, using annual data for the period 2012-2017. An empirical model to analyze the effects was specified and estimated using both fixed and random effects estimation techniques. The study used a sample of all the 7 agricultural companies listed on the NSE. The study was anchored on theoretical framework. It relied on secondary data. Regression and correlation analysis model was used to investigate relationship of capital structure on growth. The estimation results provide evidence capital structure has an effect on growth of agricultural firms listed on the NSE. Specifically, the results reveal a positive relationship between profitability and current liabilities to capital employed and a positive relationship between liquidity and size, earnings per share and sales growth. We also established while a negative link is evident between liquidity, the size of the firm and short-term debt. The evidence adduced is important for forming credit markets policies for agricultural firms both at the macro and the micro level.

Keywords: Nairobi Securities Exchange, Long term debt to Capital Employed, Short term debt to Capital Employed.

Title: EFFECT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON GROWTH OF AGRICULTURAL FIRMS LISTED IN NSE KENYA

Author: George Shibanda, Dr. Julius Bichaga Miroga

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: International researchers argue that consumers are more likely to understand the buying habits of consumers. In particular, since the online trade has emerged, we have been exploring the risks faced by our customers during online purchases. This is because online purchasing has more risk than traditional purchases, and in recent years, online purchasing has been increasingly impacting the rapidly increasing risk of research. In the online trading sector, the USA and China account for most of the market. Compared to these countries, our consumers do not use online purchase. Considering the risks inherent to the online consumer trading of Mongolia, the online survey has shown that online surveys can help to increase the online purchases by looking at ways to reduce them. The results of the study show that product risk has significantly affected consumer online purchase satisfaction and online re-purchasing behavior with other risks, and satisfaction with operational risk and product risk. However, the risk of re-purchasing is affecting the individual's risk and product risk.

Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Online Purchase Behavior, Perceived Risk, Satisfaction, Repurchase Intention.

Title: The Impact of Perceived Risk on Online Purchase Behavior of Mongolian Consumers

Author: Gerelbayar Enkhbayar, Yi Fen Huang

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper focuses on the Goods and Services Tax (GST) is an indirect form of tax which is applied to the cost of certain goods and services. The consumer pays price plus the GST value on the supply of goods and services right from the manufactures to the consumer credit. In India GST was implemented from 1st JULY 2017 under the council of Arun Jaitely.

The main objective behind the implication of GST is to eliminate the double tax and in the long run it will be used as a measure to reduce the inflation. There are certain key decisions which were taken under the GST Council such as implication of the E-way bill implication in the return filing. The E-way bill is the additional constituent of the GST in a way that it is required to generated for movement of goods’ worth more than rupees 50,000. Any negotiated person moves a consignment worth rupees is support tendure detail or receipt in GST. Through this the Government hopes to flag tax and cause business to flourish.

There are certain advantages and disadvantages of GST. It eliminates the rapid effect of tax and has a composition scheme for small businessman. It has improved efficiency of logistics. It has negative impact on the real estate as well as the aviation industry is the worst hit.   The learning of GST is difficult for a layman to understand. Thus with, the advent of GST large number of Central and state laws have been amalgamated into one single tax. It is one of the best decisions taken by the Indian Government and it is being celebrated as the financial independence in India. Hence it is a much accepted regime became it does away with multiple taxes rates by the centre.

Keywords: Goods and Services Tax (GST), E-way Bill, Indian Economy, GST Council.

Title: GOODS AND SERVICES TAX AND ITS RELEVANCE

Author: Payal Sharma

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Wood industry craft in Bali Province has existed since the 1980s, and experienced the peak of glory in 2003 with an increase of 20.9 percent as the development of tourism industry in Bali Province of Indonesia. The potential of woodcraft is large this shows the interest of the community in the Regency and City in Bali in the entrepreneurship field is high and open business opportunities for other communities. This research is an explanatory study using survey method. The survey was conducted to 164 respondents of household heads of wood industry craftsmen in Bali Province with disproportional random sampling method. Data is collected by cross section by using questionnaire, which is then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The model used to test the hypothesis is Structural Equation Model.  The results showed that 1) development infrastructure, culture and entrepreneurial orientation directly have a positive and significant influence on business performance; 2) development infrastructure, culture and entrepreneurial orientation directly have a positive and significant influence on the welfare of the household; 3) development infrastructure, culture and entrepreneurial orientation indirectly have a positive and significant impact on the welfare of the households, while the indirect business performance also has a positive and significant influence on the welfare of the wood industry employers; and 4) direct entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant influence on business performance. Similarly, contextual factor also have a positive and significant impact on business performance, thus it can be argued that contextual factor are able to give moderation effect to entrepreneurship orientation relationship to business performance.

Keywords: development infrastructure, culture, entrepreneurship orientation, business performance, and household welfare.

Title: THE EFFECT OF INFRASTRUCTURE, CULTURE, AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP ORIENTATION ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE AND WELFARE HOUSEHOLD OF WOOD INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES IN BALI INDONESIA

Author: JB. Wowok Birowo, Prof. Dr. Made Suyana Utama, Prof. Dr. I Ketut Sudibia, Dr. I G W Murjana Yasa

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The exemplary communication generates immense value for an organization as it helps to retain the most talented employees within the firm. The purpose of this research paper is to make a different change, which is meant to improve the communication strategy between employees and HR within an organization since I believe that as soon as the employees who are working at the same organization are happy and satisfied, they will perform a perfect job. It is revealed that an organization is required to ensure that the right employees are in place before making other considerations. Once a firm gets the right employees, it should seek to implement an effective communication strategy. In particular, the selected form of communication should be strategic, i.e. two-way communication as it brings employees closer to each other, thus promoting a higher level of worker satisfaction. Most importantly, the organization has to encourage effective employee engagement as a way of adding value to all areas of its organizational performances and focus on using efficient strategies to retain, reward, and motivate active and skilled employees.

Keywords: employees, communication strategy, organization, working, strategic.

Title: Effective Strategic to improve Communication between HR and Employees

Author: Aljizani, Laila, Faraj Zubaidi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This study examined the appraisal processes and the effective measurement of employees’ performance in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The population for the study is made up of the entire 8,827 civil servants in the ministries, departments and agencies of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Kumaran model (1976) was used to draw a sample size of 383 respondents. Structured questionnaire was administered on the respondents. Out of the 383 copies of questionnaire sent out, 305 were returned.  Data collected were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. Testing for hypothesis 1, the value of correlation coefficient; r was 0.793 indicating a strong, significant and positive relationship between performance appraisal process and measurement of employees’ performance at 0.05 level of significance. The r-Square value for the model showed that 62.8 percent (R2=0.628) of the variance in the measurement of employees’ performances can be predicted from the independent variable (appraisal process). The Durbin-Watson statistics stood at 1.760 which confirmed the absence of serial autocorrelation in the due to large sample. The t and p-values showed that appraisal process had significant effect on the measurement of employees’ performances (t=22.640, p<0.05).The t and p-values showed that the variable (performance appraisal process) significantly predicts the dependent variable-employees’ performance (F=512.568; p<0.05).

Keywords: Performance Appraisal, Employees’ Performance, Employee Measurement.

Title: Impact of Appraisal Process and Effective Measurement of Employees’ Performances among Ekiti State Civil Servants

Author: Olukorede, B. B., Ajayi, O.M., Adelugba,I. A., Gbadebo, A

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Skill Development has been accorded an important place in the National economy by the national decision makers. Skills and skill development is an essential component of all efforts in this challenging area. Too many workers are simply unprepared to meet the needs of firms, particularly in more competitive economic environment. Systems to provide training are often plagued by weak governance and poor incentives that make them unreliable or ineffective. However, the problem is often more complex. In India, education system is not providing basic skill that makes them trainable. Rigid labour market reduces the mobility and makes it difficult for workers to find jobs and for firms to find right workers. In this context, it is indispensable to focus study on skill development in unorganized sector of the Indian Economy. The researcher has studied the different aspect of policy design which influences the incentives of individuals and firms to invest in skills and shape those of training providers to deliver effective and responsive services. Further the study has attempted to deliberate and find the solutions for effective implementation of the suggestions given in the study which is considered as a significant pragmatic approach of the study.

Keywords: Skill, Skill Developments, Unorganised workers, Government.

Title: Skill Development in Unorganised Sector in Indian Economy

Author: Dr. Prashant H. Bhagat

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper aims to identify the impact of knowledge process on innovation in Malaysian electrical and electronics firms. This paper employed a quantitative approach, the respondents of this study consist of managers from electrical and electronics firms across Malaysian states. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 22.0) was used along with the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS SEM3.0) as the statistical instruments. The results obtained have confirmed that knowledge application is significant to innovation. However, acquisition, conversion and protection are not significant to innovation. The study was limited to electrical and electronics firms. Future research could aim to investigate the situation in other manufacturing sectors in Malaysia because innovation is very important to firms and it would lead to new products and services specially, when high technology products are involved.

Keywords: Knowledge Process, Innovation, Electrical and electronics Firms.

Title: The Impact of Knowledge Process on Innovation in Malaysian Electrical & Electronics Firms

Author: Yousif Hamid, Syed Azizi Wafa

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: A role conflict is when a person is expected to fulfil the duties of two contradictory position. In some cases the conflict is a result of opposing obligations which results in a conflict of interest, in others when a person has roles that have different statuses and it also occurs when people disagree about what the responsibilities for a particular role should be whether in the personal or professional. The present study is to exhibit the nature and extent of role conflict of women employees and to identify the factors causing the role conflict. The nature of role conflict experimented by working women could be assessed based on the sources from which they emerge. Husband, Parents, and children are the major three family members exerting pressure on working women. Under each category five attributes expressing the nature of role conflict are considered and the responses so received are given weightage, resulting in assigning ranks for such attributes weighted average method is used and the result are furnished in this study.

Keywords: role conflict, women employees, informal sector.

Title: A STUDY ON THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF ROLE CONFLICT OF WOMEN EMPLOYEES

Author: Mrs. K. RAGINA BEGUM, Prof. Dr. K.SALEEM KHAN

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The research tested the statistical assumptions with objective top management demographic data and performance indicators from private sector organization from 28 surveyed teams with 133 top managers participating, and document search of 231 teams selected, with 1742 participants in total. After generating eight stepwise regression models, propositions based on the model, found that TMTD have no significant impact on organizational performance, in isolation. Namibian TMT's prefer technical capabilities as the main driver for innovativeness, and in the same spirit need the right amount of faultline stimulation and diversity management intervention to perform. The study found that demographic characteristics might influence team cognitive ability, character, and functional knowledge but team innovativeness and performance is influenced by managing team characteristics, and contextual factors.

Keywords: Top Management Team Diversity, Innovativeness, Organizational Performance, Technical capabilities.

Title: TMTD (TOP MANAGEMENT TEAM DIVERSITY) AND INNOVATIVENESS ON PERFORMANCE IN NAMIBIAN PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS

Author: Collins M. Kazondovi, Albert J. Isaacs, Marius F. Johannes

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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