Vol 8 Issue 1 April 2020-September 2020

Abstract: The South Bali region as a tourist destination is growing very rapidly. This development is always followed by the provision of various facilities, one of which is a shopping center. This is certainly a phenomenon among the natural attractions offered by the South Bali Region, especially Kuta. In Kuta, Legian and Seminyak areas, there are many categories of shopping places. Starting from traditional markets, luxury boutiques, shopping malls and department stores that specialize in selling Balinese souvenirs.

This research is entitled "The Role of Shopping Tourism in Moderating the Tourist Attraction of Vacation Tourists in Kuta Bali". Aim to see the influence of tourist attraction on vacation tourists 'decisions, the influence of shopping tourism on vacation tourists' decisions, and the influence of shopping tourism on the relationship of tourist attractiveness to the decisions of vacationing tourists in Kuta Bali.

The data were collected by means of purposive sampling, using a questionnaire. The number of respondents in this study were 100 respondents. Data were analyzed using regression analysis tools assisted by the use of SPSS software version 17.0 for windows. The results of the research are the tourist attraction of Kuta which has a positive and significant effect on vacation decisions. Shopping tourism has a positive and significant effect on vacation decisions. The role of shopping tourism moderate tourist attraction towards vacation decisions in Kuta Bali. The research implication can be used as a consideration for related parties in this case, namely the local government, the community, tourists and traders.

Keywords: shopping tourism, tourist attraction, and tourist decisions.

Title: THE ROLE OF SHOPPING TOURISM IN MODERATING THE POWER OF TOURISM TOWARDS DECISIONS OF VACATION TOURISM IN KUTA BALI

Author: Ni Ketut Seminari, I Gusti Agung Ketut Sri Ardani

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the responsibility of how companies manage business processes to produce an overall positive impact on society. Profitability, which is the work achievement that has been achieved by the company in a certain period and is contained in the company's financial statements so that the performance that has been carried out by management can be evaluated and can be improved for the following year. This study aims to examine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the company's financial performance. In this study, the company's financial performance is measured by Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Sales (ROS). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as an independent variable and Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Sales (ROS) as the dependent variable. The sample of this research is mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2014 - 2019. The data were collected using non-participant observation methods. The sample was selected using purposive sampling method, and obtained 15 companies from all periods. This study uses simple linear regression analysis to analyze data. The results showed that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) had a positive and significant effect on the company's financial performance as measured by Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Return on Sales (ROS).

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsbility (CSR), Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Sales (ROS).

Title: The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Profitability of Mining Companies Registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)

Author: Putu Cindy Arintya Ardana, Henny Triyana Hasiubuan, Maria M. Ratna Sari, Ketut Alit Suardana

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This study sought to investigate the effect of capital structure formation on investment performance of the general insurance companies in Kenya. The study was anchored on the pecking order, trade-off and agency cost theories. Firm size tested the moderation effect in the relationship. The descriptive research design was employed whereas the panel regressions and correlation analysis tested the relationships strength and direction in the study models. The study target population comprised of seventy-two insurance companies. The sample consisted of thirty-nine general insurance companies purposively sampled. Secondary data was collected using customised schedules. The study revealed that long-term debt had a significant positive effect on return on assets whereas it showed a significant negative relationship with return on equity. The total debt had a significant negative relationship with the return on assets and equity.  The total equity had a significant negative relationship with the return on equity. The firm size had a positive moderating effect on the return on assets and equity. The study recommended the use of long term debt to achieve improved investment performance. Further studies focusing on life and composite insurance companies can use longer period panel data on short term debt and staff productivity to facilitate comparisons.

Keywords: Capital Structure Formation, Long-term debt, Total Debt, Total Equity, Firm Size and Investment Performance.

Title: CAPITAL STRUCTURE FORMATION AND INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE OF THE GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANIES IN KENYA

Author: KARAKACHA TOLOI MOSES, FREDRICK W.S. NDEDE

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this study is to present the studies that listed the financing methods that could finance the SMEs projects, and to conceptually propose a research model of the relationships between the factors and the financing the SMEs projects. The proposed financing methods were Mutual Guaranty Loans, Financial Leasing, Venture capital, Crowdfunding, Leveraged finance, corporate bonds, Syndicated loan, Non-bank lenders, Bonds, Stock market, Trade credit, and Bank loans. To achieve these objectives, the research has reviewed recent published literature in the fields of Mutual Guaranty Loans, Financial Leasing, Venture capital, Crowdfunding, Leveraged finance, corporate bonds, Syndicated loan, Non-bank lenders, Bonds, Stock market, Trade credit, and Bank loans in relations with Financing SEMs projects. The findings of this study revealed that many studies suggested a strong association between discussed financing methods. In addition, this study found that many studies suggested a strong and positive relationship between Loans, Financial Leasing, and Venture capital with financing SMEs projects. Some studies went more in depth in the analysis, and included Crowdfunding, Leveraged finance, and corporate bonds into the relationships with financing SMEs projects. However, other studies recommended studying the effect of Syndicated loan, Non-bank lenders, and Bonds as additional financing methods that could be studied in association with financing SMEs projects. Finally, considering Stock market, Trade credit, and Bank loans as independent variables that could be linked with financing SMEs projects as dependent variables.

Keywords: Mutual Guaranty Loans, Financial Leasing, Venture capital, Crowdfunding, Leveraged finance, corporate bonds, Syndicated loan, Non-bank lenders, Bonds, Stock market, Trade credit, Bank loans, SMEs.

Title: FINANCING METHODS FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES): A LITERATURE REVIEW

Author: Monzer Al Madani, Siti Aida Bt Samikon

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: As Saudi Arabia is a country with a large consumer market, the transition of this market base gradually to e-Commerce is a potential opportunity for entrepreneurs and businesspersons to capture. However, the unavailability of comprehensive research investigating the environment makes it an area of perceived risk, causing many businesspersons to prefer investing in the traditional markets, such as property or manufacturing. This paper will adapt a comprehensive model to analyze the most relevant factors that are under the control of the businessperson and entrepreneur to have a better competitive edge to capture the growth potential of e-Commerce in Saudi Arabia.

Keywords: large consumer market, e-Commerce, businesspersons, Electronic Marketing.

Title: Critical Factors in Electronic Marketing in Saudi Arabia

Author: Mohamed B. Jalaly

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Millennials are considered as the largest population that creates impact in the society in terms of consumer trends, overall culture and way of living. This study determines the best strategic practices that engage Millennials to support art museums, improve the methods, maintain the interests and connect better with Millennials. This study utilizes a quantitative research design, and non- probability convenience sampling as method in data gathering. The survey questionnaires are self-made and arranged according to the demographic profile of the respondents, place, curator, and technology, facilities, on-site activities, and other services. The researchers were in direct cooperation with advisers and statistician for validation process. The respondents were the millennials that visit the Museo Orlina and Puzzle Mansion, in Tagaytay. It was revealed that the Art museums’ best strategic practices in terms of engaging millennials are practices and performances done by Curator or museum staffs. Based on group statistics there are no significant differences between the demographic of respondents and level of engagement of art museums within Tagaytay.

Keywords: Art Museums, Millennials, Strategic practices, Engagement.

Title: BEST STRATEGIC PRACTICES TO ENGAGE MILLENNIALS IN TAGAYTAY ART MUSEUMS

Author: Valerie Nicole D. Estabillo, Katrina G. Carranza_, Steven P. Evangelista, Peirre P.L Pineda

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This article aims to find out the impact of micro finance on the level of household income of small scale traders in Lira Municipality by focusing at the demographic characteristics of the beneficiaries; and impact of training, savings, and micro-credit on the level of household income of small scale traders. This study is qualitative in nature, biased towards a descriptive design, the research targets and extracts secondary data from a village savings and loan association Group and a Loan Office from one of the Microfinance Institutions that operates in Lira Municipality. It is revealed that 28 female and only 02 men comprised membership to the group of multi-lingual youthful members with an average age of 32.9 years. Training is found to lead to acquisition of basic financial management skills; the impact of savings on members is seen in terms of enabling households to raise the level of literacy for their children and acquisition of household assets; and, micro-credit impacts facilitates the expansion and stabilization of household enterprises. It is concluded that Microfinance Institutions work best in groups and training is useful for beginners in businesses, savings is essential for re-investments, and micro-credit serves as a stabilization fund. More branches of  microfinance institutions should be opened-up in rural areas and the Microfinance Institutions in Lira Municipality need to consider stepping-up their out-reaches to rural areas for financial inclusiveness.

Keywords: Microfinance, Small scale traders, training, savings, microcredit.

Title: Microfinance services and household income among small-scale traders in Lira Municipality

Author: Dick Denis Owani, Alex Oboi, David Mwesigwa

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this study is to conceptualize the possible relationship between Leasing finance, Bank financing, Trade credit, Government Financial assistance, and Capital Market as a proposed independent variables, with Financing SMEs Projects in Syria as proposed dependent variables. In addition, this research aimed at studying the moderating effect of Account Standards as moderating variables on the relationship between dependent and independent variables. To conduct this study, the research analyzed the recently published literature review, which included an analysis of the gaps that were mentioned or noticed in the literature review. The research considered a sample of 30 respondents to test the reliability of the instrument. Findings suggested that this paper revealed that studying the effect of Finance Methods (namely: Leasing finance, Bank financing, Trade credit, Government Financial assistance, and Capital Market) as independent Variable, on Financing SMEs Projects in Syria as a dependent variable, with the moderation effect of Accounting Standards, is paved by the literature and ready for the data analysis.

Keywords: Leasing finance, Bank financing, Trade credit, Government Financial assistance, Capital Market, SMEs, Accounting Standards, Syria.

Title: THE ROLE OF FINANCING METHODS TO FUND SMES PROJECT IN SYRIA: A PILOT STUDY

Author: Monzer Al Madani, SITI AIDA BT SAMIKON

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The nationwide COVID-19 lockdown has forced schools, colleges and universities to halt their academic progression and send their students home which, in turn, has impacted student population across the globe. The closure has placed unprecedented challenges on governments, institutions, teachers, parents and care givers around the world.

Many countries are continuing to handle this disruption by deploying different modes of learning through a mix of technologies. In almost all countries, teachers have started delivering virtual live lessons and online classes seems to be gaining popularity. Keeping the above intent in the background the researhers are making an attempt Preparedness of MBA students for On-Line Learning to combat the challenges of lockdown, as well as survival strategies post lockdown.

Keywords: Online Learning, Online Teaching, Students’ Preparedness, New Technology, Teaching Aid.

Title: Preparedness of MBA students for On-Line Learning: An empirical study during Covid-19

Author: Dr. Snigdha Mishra, Prof. Rachna Nigam

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Leaders plays a significant role in success of any organization as they formulate strategies, make decisions, and implement them at workplace. As the employees’ dissatisfaction in Canadian organization are increasing overtime, which ultimately lower their organization engagement. It arises a need to ascertain numerous aspects to enhance the organizational engagement of employees in Canadian organization, therefore the main aim of this research study is to identify the moderating role of leadership among the association of Islamic Work Ethics and Organizational Engagement. In order to conduct this research study, four major independent variables, i.e. devotion, cooperate, modesty and honesty, one moderating variable i.e. leadership, and one dependent variable i.e. organization engagement, are utilized. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to provide theoretical support to the research issue, mainly emphasizing Muslim religious beliefs and Islamic theories. Moreover, questionnaire is used as a research instruments consisting specific questions for each variable, and required data was collected from 234 Muslim employees working in Canadian organization. The data gathered through survey is analyzed in the Statistical software IBM SPSS, while using different statistical techniques i.e. frequency analysis, correlation matrix and regression analysis (ANOVA). The results of this research reveal that Honesty, Devotion, Cooperation and Modesty have significant relationship with Leadership, in addition Honesty, Devotion, Cooperation and Modesty have significant relationship with Organization Engagement. Moreover, Leadership moderates the relationship between Modesty and Organization Engagement, and the relationship between Cooperation and Organization Engagement.

Keywords: Canadian Organizations, organizational engagement, employee modesty, ethical leadership, employee devotion, employee cooperation, employee honesty, Islamic work ethic.

Title: EXAMINE THE LEADERSHIP AS A MODERATOR BETWEEN ISLAMIC WORK ETHIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL ENGAGEMENT AMONG THE EMPLOYEES IN THE CANADIAN ORGANIZATION

Author: Ihab Habob, Humam Mohamed, Abdoulrahman Aljounaidi Mhd Ramez

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The key aim of the study was determining the effect of inflation on performance of equity market in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. Specifically the study determined the effect of investor sentiment on performance of equity market in Nairobi securities exchange, Kenya. The study was based on Fishers hypothesis. The study was also  based on positivism paradigm and explanatory research design. The study relied on monthly secondary data obtained from Central bank of Kenya, Nairobi Securities Exchange, Capital Markets Authority and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics between 2008 and 2018. The target population was all 67 listed firms in Nairobi securities exchange as captured by the Nairobi Securities Exchange All Share Index. The instruments of data collection were document review guides. The study used ARDL and NARDL models for data analysis. The findings of the study reported significant negative relationship between inflation and performance of equity market. The study recommended that capital markets authority should monitor changes inflation   in the market as it significantly affects equity market performance.

Keywords: inflation, contagion effects, systematic risk, macro risk factors, asymmetric effects, private sector credit, causality.

Title: Effect of inflation on Performance of Equity Market in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

Author: Michael Makau Musembi, Eddie Simiyu, Charity Njoka

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The key aim of the study was determining the effect of investor sentiment on performance of equity market in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. Specifically the study determined the effect of investor sentiment on performance of equity market in Nairobi securities exchange, Kenya. The study was based on behavioral finance theories. The study was also  based on positivism paradigm and explanatory research design. The study relied on monthly secondary data obtained from Central bank of Kenya, Nairobi Securities Exchange, Capital Markets Authority and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics between 2008 and 2018. The target population was all 67 listed firms in Nairobi securities exchange as captured by the Nairobi Securities Exchange All Share Index. The instruments of data collection were document review guides. The study used ARDL and NARDL models for data analysis. The findings of the study reported significant positive relationship between investor sentiment and performance of equity market. The study recommended that capital markets authority should monitor changes in investor sentiment in the market as it significantly affects equity market performance.

Keywords: Investor sentiment, contagion effects, systematic risk, macro risk factors, asymmetric effects, private sector credit, causality.

Title: Symmetric and Asymmetric effect of Investor Sentiment on Performance of Equity Market in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

Author: Michael Makau Musembi, Eddie Simiyu, Charity Njoka

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This study aimed at finding out the relationship between work life balance practices and performance of employees in public hospitals, a case which focused on Machakos level 5 hospital. Specifically, the research sought to examine the effect of work conditions, career development, virtual work space and delegation on employee performance at Machakos Level 5 Hospital in Machakos County, Kenya. The study was anchored on Spill over theory, Herzberg Theory and institutional theory. The research utilized descriptive research design. The target population of the study comprised two thousand workers (2000) at Machakos Level 5 Hospital. Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 200 respondents representing 10% of the population. Sample size therefore was divided into three strata consisting of Nurses, Doctors and Support staff. Close ended questionnaires were used in collecting the primary data. Data analysis was based on descriptive and inferential statistics. From the multiple regression analysis, an R-square of 0.857 and adjusted R-square of 0.829 was found. Therefore indicating that work life balance (work conditions, career development and delegation) collectively account for 85.7% of the movements in employee performance at Machakos Level 5 Hospital. The study found a coefficient of 0.951 and a corresponding p-value of 0.000 for work conditions. This implies that work conditions have significant positive effect on employee performance. The outcome further revealed a coefficient of 0.632 and a corresponding p-value of 0.000 for career development. Therefore, a unit increase in career development translate into improve employee performance by 0.632. The regression analysis indicates a positive and significant effect of delegation on employee performance as depicted by a coefficient of 0.282 and p-vale of 0.004. The research recommends that work conditions should continually be improved by the management of the hospital. The study further recommends that the hospital management should invest in their employees by sponsoring them to further their studies. Lastly, the recommendation of the study is that work load should be adequately delegated by hospital management.

Keywords: Work Life Balance, Work Conditions, Career Development, Delegation, Employee Performance.

Title: WORKLIFE BALANCE PRACTICES AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS: A CASE OF MACHAKOS LEVEL 5 HOSPITAL, MACHAKOS COUNTY KENYA

Author: PHILOMENAH WAYUA MUSYOKA, LINDA KIMENCU

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The study sought to establish the effect of exchange rate on financial performance of Non Financial Firms listed on the NSE, Kenya. In carrying out the study, Modern Portfolio Theory and Deflation Theory were adopted. The research was based causal research design and the population comprises of the non-financial companies listed at the NSE in Kenya as from January 2013 to December 2017 which are 41 in number. Therefore, the study was based on a census. This research utilized panel data which was be extracted with the use of a secondary data collection schedule. Data was analyzed using stata software version 14 where the analysis was based on descriptive analysis and regression analysis. The findings of the reveal that exchange rate had a negative and significant effect on financial performance of non financial firms listed on the NSE, Kenya. The study recommends that firms should engage in cross border operations, that is, firms should have branches in foreign countries as these will aid in cushioning the effect of currency depreciation on financial performance of firms. Further studies can utilize other measures of financial performance such as return on equity and net interest margin. Other studies can also consider internal factors such as firm size and how they affect the relationship between systematic risk factors and non financial firms listed at the Nairobi Security Exchange, Kenya.

Keywords: Exchange Rate, Financial Performance, Modern Portfolio Theory, Stakeholders Theory, Non Financial Firms, Nairobi Securities Exchange.

Title: EXCHANGE RATE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF NON FINANCIAL FIRMS LISTED AT THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE, KENYA

Author: JOHN WANJOHI, DR. JOHN MUNGAI

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper’s objective is to review behavioral finance which considers human behaviors in finance. It's a quite new area within the field of finance which has been studied for thousands of years. Behavioral finance theories support psychology and plan to understand how emotions and cognitive errors influence and manipulate individual investors’ behaviors. The most objective of this study is to research the behavioral factors influencing individual investors’ decisions at the Tehran stock market. As there are limited studies about behavioral finance in Iran, this study is predicted to contribute significantly to the event of this field in Iran. The study begins with the prevailing theories in behavioral finance, supported that hypotheses are proposed. Then, these hypotheses are tested through the questionnaires distributed randomly to individual investors at the Tehran stock exchange. SPSS software has been used to analyze the collected data. The result shows that there are many factors but we've chosen five factors that affect investment decisions like Overconfidence, Herding, Representativeness, Availability, and Anchoring-ability bias. Most of those factors have moderate impacts. This study also tries to examine the correlation between these behavioral factors and investment decisions. All the behavioral factors mentioned above are found to influence the Investment Performance: Herding (choice of trading stocks; the number of trading stocks), The heuristic behaviors like overconfidence, representativeness, anchoring, availability are found to possess a moderate impact on the investment performance while the herding behaviors are reported to influence positively on the investment performance at the lower level.

Keywords: “Behavioral Finance”, “Efficient Market Hypothesis”, “Overconfidence”, “Herd behavior”, “Anchoring”, “Representativeness”, “Availability”, “Decision making”, “Stock Exchange”.

Title: ROLE OF BEHAVIORAL FINANCE, INVESTMENT DECISION-MAKING AND PERCEIVED MARKET EFFICIENCY: A SURVEY AT TEHRAN STOCK EXCHANGE

Author: Samira Faramarzi, Valliappan Raju

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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