Vol 6 Issue 2 October 2018-March 2019

Abstract: The oligopoly market structure is very apparent in the soft drink industry. Two large producers, Coke and Pepsi, maintain a dominant role in the industry. High barriers to entry prevent smaller firms from making a large impact this allows these two firms to compete on areas other than price in an attempt to maximize profit. In the non-collusive oligopolistic model, there is interdependence and rivalry among the firms. Depending on the conjectures made by the firms, we get different models. The whole analysis of the kinked demand curve points out that price rigidity in oligopolistic markets is likely to prevail if there is a price reduction move on the part of all sellers. Changes in costs and demand also lead to price stability under normal conditions so long as the MC curve intersects the MR curve in its discontinuous portion. But price increase rather than price rigidity may be found in response to rising cost or increased demand. The Cournot model deals with the case when the firms make conjecture that the rival would stick to the previous level of output. Here the firms deal with output changes. Finally, the firms together end up producing 2/3 of the total market demand. In the Bertrand model, the case is similar to that of Cournot except that the firms compete in terms of price. Here they end up producing the competitive level of output. In the Stackelberg model one firm acts as the leader and the other follower. A firm is a leader in the sense that it knows the reaction function of the follower. The leader maximises profit after incorporating the reaction function of the follower.

Keywords: Non collusive, oligopoly, market, price, Nigeria.

Title: A REVIEW OF NON-COLLUSIVE OLIGOPOLY AS IT PATTERNS TO NIGERIA

Author: Idisi P. O., Ogwu I. J., Luka A.

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The business world is constantly changing and different organizations have adopted ethical practices as a way of enhancing competitiveness and effectiveness. Ethics focuses on the constant examination of how institutions and people interact with the world of commerce. It is therefore important for a business to continue in its commitment to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the work force and the surrounding community at large. This study therefore sought to determine the relationship between ethical activities and non-financial performance of insurance companies in the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study targeted a population of 4100 customers and employees of 4 insurance companies (Jubilee Holding limited; Kenya Re-insurance Corporation; Liberty Kenya holding limited and CIC Insurance group limited). The study targeted a population of 4100 customers and employees of 4 insurance companies (Jubilee Holding limited; Kenya Re-insurance Corporation; Liberty Kenya holding limited and CIC Insurance group limited). Concurrent sampling was used to select sample from the 4 insurance companies since they comprise of different population sizes.Descriptive cross sectional research was used in the study. The data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using regression and correlation. The study established that 201 (52.9%) were in agreement that the firm performs in a manner consistent with societal expectations and ethical norms. The study concluded that Society desires that businesses contribute time, money and resources for the welfare of the community but they do not regard the firms unethical if they do not provide the desired level. The study then recommended a robust policy framework for ethical practices that should be adopted in the government ministries, parastatals and insurance companies.

Keywords: Ethical activities, Non-Financial Performance.

Title: Relationship between Ethical Activities and Non-Financial Performance of Insurance Companies in the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE)

Author: Patience M. Mudy, Dr. Phylis Osodo, Beatrice Jemaiyo

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The main objective of the study was to assess the determinants of dividend payout of listed firms in Kenya. The study adapted a causal research design and used qualitative information. The target population was sixty four (64) firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. A questionnaire was the preferred instrument for data collection. The researcher gave out 64 questionnaires and received 43 for analysis representing 67% response rate which was considered adequate. Data analysis was done with the help of SPSS and it brought out the relationship between dividend payout and its determinants. The findings revealed that the variables considered in this study namely profitability, cash flow, sales growth and market value had a positive relationship with dividend payout.

Keywords: Dividend payout, Probability, Cashflow, Sales growth.

Title: FINANCIAL DETERMINANTS OF DIVIDEND PAYOUT OF LISTED COMPANIES IN THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE

Author: Hafidha Abdulrahman, Dr. Abdullah Ibrahim Ali

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Walmart has topped Fortune magazine’s list of the 500 most valuable companies in the US once more. 16 other fashion retailers have also made the list, but none of them are newcomers. This research paper will take a closer look at the most recent developments to stem from these companies.  Many retailers have struggled in 2017, and Macy’s has closed 68 stores, cutting 10,000 jobs.  The announcement was issued alongside an unfavorable earnings report, showing comparable store sales dipped 2.1% last quarter. The news caused its stock to plunge nearly 10% during after-hours trading Wednesday. Macy's (M) said it expects to lay off about 3,900 workers as a result of the upcoming store closures, and another 6,200 jobs will be cut as the company works to streamline its management team [15].  A few stores have already been shuttered, but 63 will close down between now and mid-2017, leaving about 660 U.S. stores left open. The closings are among the 100 stores Macy's said last August that it intends to shutter. The expected savings from these cuts will be invested in the company's digital business as well as marketing efforts including Bluemercury, Macy's Backstage and China, Macy's said. Mark Cohen, a professor at Columbia Business School, said it's not the last time Macy's will make this type of announcement [16].  Other companies have made significant profit in 2018, and are expanding in the online retailing.  High competition between online retailers such as Amazon, and Walmart exists and is ongoing.  Other companies invested into organic and natural fibers such as VF Corporation, and that influenced positively on their revenues.  A few stores have already been shuttered, but 63 will close down between now and mid-2017, leaving about 660 U.S. stores left open. The closings are among the 100 stores Macy's said last August that it intends to shutter. The expected savings from these cuts will be invested in the company's digital business as well as marketing efforts including Bluemercury, Macy's Backstage and China, Macy's said. Mark Cohen, a professor at Columbia Business School, said it's not the last time Macy's will make this type of announcement [16]

Keywords:  Fashion companies, Walmart, Nike, Luxury, moderate, budget, fortune, Amazon, Macy’s, Gap, eBay, Nordstrom, PVH, Footlocker, Ralph Lauren, Hanes- Brands, Sears, Kohl’s, J.C. Penny.

Title: A study of the most valuable Fashion Companies that made 2018 Fortune Magazine 500 list, and to which market segment the winner belongs?  Luxury, moderate, or Budget?

Author: Dr.  Sana Abbasi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this document is to assess monopolistic competition in Nigeria. Monopolistic competition in Nigeria has created diversity and choice for the consumer within markets. With low barriers to entry and exit, many companies compete in this market structure.

Monopolistic Competition in the Retail Industry is not just a current issue, but it is an economical issue that is faced all year long by the retailers in the market. The retail industry is comprised of thousands of different brands and companies. However each is defined by its quality of make and materials used. Dangote, Honeywell and Golden penny are all well-known and respected brand names. However if prices were to exceed what people are willing to pay, then the consumers would alter their preferences and buy from another brand.

Title: ASSESSING MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION IN NIGERIA

Author: Idisi P. O., Ogwu I. J., Akporume E. G.

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: With the introduction of Islamic Banking in many countries, researches are being done in order to evaluate what various reasons are leading towards growth of Islamic banking across the globe. The following research paper is based on a similar thought but with a different perspective. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship with Recruitment, Selection, Planning, Training, and Compensation on Organizational Commitment. Qualitative method is being chosen to evaluate the study. A questionnaire was developed consisting of 36 questions to acknowledge staff about the Human Resource Practices prevailing in their organization, which are Islamic Banking. This survey is carried out in Pakistan; questionnaires were distributed among both genders, the professionals in order to evaluate the results. About 163 responses were selected from the subsequent questionnaire. The analysis includes reliability analysis, factor analysis, and regression analysis. The results have shown that the people working in an Islamic Banks whether Muslims or non-Muslims all are being influenced by the Recruitment, Planning and Training practices of Islamic banking and has a significant effect on Organizational Commitment. Therefore, it can be recommended that Islamic Banks should comply their policies of significant factors in order to increase the Organizational Commitment in their employees.

Keywords: Islamic Banking (IB), Recruitment (R), Selection (S), Planning (P), Training (T), Compensation (C), Organizational Commitment (OC).

Title: IMPACT OF ISLAMIC HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT- A STUDY ON ISLAMIC BANKS IN PAKISTAN

Author: Fizza Nishat, Dr. Danish Ahmed Siddiqui

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Due to the fast and sustainable development of information technology has made the internet an important tool for many people to communicate online. One of the social media that is growing fast now is Instagram. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of hedonic value and social value on stickiness through the trust of Instagram users. The variables examined in this study are hedonic value, social value, trust and stickiness. The number of samples taken were 112 Instagram users with purposive sampling method that has criteria for having an Instagram account, using Instagram at least once a day, domiciled in Denpasar City, and have finished high school education. Data was collected through questionnaires. The analysis technique used is Sobel test and path analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, found that the hedonic value variable has a positive and significant effect on trust of Instagram users, social value variables have a positive and significant effect on trust of Instagram users, hedonic value has a positive and significant effect on stickiness of Instagram users, social value has a positive and significant effect on stickiness Instagram users, and the trust variable has a positive and significant effect on stickiness of Instagram users in Denpasar City. The suggestion that can be given to Instagram is that they can create new features such as fun photo and video editing that makes users feel relaxed, making premium services that offer users to take precedence to enter other users “explore” so the content that they share is more accessible to other people, pay attention to the integrity of the information shared, improve Instagram's security system, and motivate the influencers by compensating if they can create content that went "viral" to maximize users to stick on Instagram.

Keyword: Hedonic Value, Social Value, Trust, Stickiness, Instagram.

Title: THE EFFECT OF HEDONIC VALUE AND SOCIAL VALUE ON STICKINESS OF INSTAGRAM USERS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF TRUST

Author: Putu Laksmita Dewi Rahmayanti, Ni Wayan Ekawati, Ni Made Wulandari Kusumadewi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Commercial banks all over the world enhance the economic growth of nations by providing funds to customers of investments. The survival of commercial banks like every other financial institution depends largely on their profitability. However, the profitability of these banks is dependent on the risk management practices which they adopt. This is because granting of loans to borrowers is accompanied with its own risks. Studies relating to credit risk management practices were done in developed and other developing countries other than Kenya. Similarly, some of these studies focused on microfinance banks and Sacco societies. The current study seeks to fill the research gap by focusing on credit risk management practices and commercial banks financial performance in Kenya. Therefore, the specific objectives of the study are to determine the effect of client appraisal, credit terms and conditions, credit collection policies and credit control practices commercial banks’ financial performance in Kenya. The research utilized descriptive research design and the sampling design was purposive sampling design. The research made use of a multiple regression model for the analysis. Findings of the study indicate that there exist a positive and significant effect of credit risk management practices that is, credit terms and conditions, client appraisal, credit practices and credit control practices on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study recommends that credit managers should come up with efficient terms and conditions and client appraisal that will enhance credit control and collection.

Title: CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

Author: John Gaturo Chege, Dominic Ngaba

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This study sought to determine the influence of organizational factors on strategic change implementation in the County Government of Kakamega. The specific objectives were to determine the influence of transformational leadership on strategic change implementation in the County Government of Kakamega. This study was anchored to Transformational Leadership Theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population of the study was 548 top level and middle level managers. Sampling frame consisted of Agriculture, Public Service, Social Services, Education, Health Services, ICT, Lands & Housing, Trade & Industrialization, Roads, Public Works & Energy, Finance and Economic Planning. Purposive and stratified sampling techniques were chosen and used to select the sample population of 232 respondents according to Yamane recommendation. Structured questionnaire pre tested for validity and reliability was the main primary data collection tool.  The primary data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS as the analysis tool. The correlation findings indicated that there existed a significant relationship between transformational leadership and strategic change implementation (P=0.418, P=0.000). Simple linear regression analysis revealed that transformational leadership accounted up to 17.4% variation in strategic change implementation (R²=0.174). This implies that enhancement of transformational leadership will result to significant increase in strategic change implementation. The study concluded that transformational leadership has a significant influence on strategic change implementation in the County Government of Kakamega. The study recommended that managers should go beyond self-interest for the good of the group during strategic change implementation.

Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Strategic Change Implementation, County Government, Organizational Factors, Kakamega.

Title: Determinants of Successful Strategic Change Implementation in the County Government of Kakamega, Kenya

Author: Kidiavayi Gaynut Mulegwa, Dr. (Eng) Richard M. Imbambi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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