Vol 4 Issue 1 January 2016-March 2016

Abstract: The study sought to assess the impact of quality of life, health and coping strategies among the aged. The population of the study was all the aged (65+) people who live in Osu community and used the convenience and purposive sampling techniques to select forty (40) participants comprising twenty-six (26) females and fourteen (14) males who were chosen as sample for the study. The cross-sectional survey approach was used to collect data for the study. The major instruments used in this study were the European Quality of Life Group Questionnaire (EQCQ), the Brief COPE scale and the Older People’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQLQ. Three hypotheses were generated and tested in the study. The study established that educational background has no impact on one’s quality of life. A significant relationship between quality of life and coping strategies was evinced in this study. Then again, it was evidential in the findings of the study that all the participants use coping strategies equally regardless of the age category. Considering the upshot, recommendations are made for future researches in the same field. Keywords: Quality of life, Health and Coping Strategies. Title: The Quality of Life, Health and Coping Strategies among the Aged: A Case of Selected Aged in Osu Author: ADISAH-ATTA ISAAC International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The conceptual framework is based on the Full Range Leadership by Avolio and Bass (2004) that theorized that transformational leadership can be clustered in five sub-constructs whilst the transactional leadership into two sub-constructs. Each dimension is measured using four items. The Full Range Leadership Theory being an effective leadership theory uses both transformational and transactional attributes in differing degrees depending on the situation and the ability of the subordinates. Even though transactional leadership is not able to develop trust and full potential of the followers but if coupled with the individualized consideration attribute of the leader, it can provide the platform for transformational leadership to ensue. This then can positively affect subordinates’ motivation and performance. Organizations presently are marked by high interdependency and integration; hence the need for leadership that goes beyond that of transactional to transformational leadership styles with attributes such as inspiration, stimulation, motivation and charisma as these attributes are believed to be able to bring about cohesion, commitment, trust and performance. The conceptual framework assumes that transformational and transactional leadership-work place engagement is indirect and impacted through the mechanism of perceived subordinates’ well-being, ultimately leading to job satisfaction. The importance of the nursing administrator in determining the nature of work environment is well documented and is of increasing significance to the retention of nurse educators. Perception of work place engagement could play the role of perceived work environment and thus mediate between the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction of subordinates. Keywords: Conceptual framework, transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style, work-place engagement, job satisfaction, nurse educators. Title: A Conceptual Framework of Transformational and Transactional Leadership on Nurse Educators Job Satisfaction Author: Moey Soo Foon International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Some conclusions from leadership models indicated that personality trait, the situation, leader member relations and power influence the practice of leadership. Two theories; the Hagedorn Theory of Job Satisfaction (2000) and Bakker and Demerouti Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Theory (2007) together with Bass and Avolio (2004) Full Range Leadership Model make up the theoretical frame of the study. The importance of the transformational and transactional leadership styles in determining the nature of work environment is well documented and is of increasing significance to the retention of nurse educators. Leaders that engage in transformational leadership style and the contingent reward attribute of transactional leadership style tend to increase the value and significance of their work, resulting in subordinates to be intrinsically motivated via the perceptions of well-being. Engaged subordinates often display a deep positive emotional connection with their work, are likely to go the extra mile to achieve organizational accomplishments. The theoretical framework assumes that transformational and transactional leadership-work place engagement is indirect and impacted through the mechanism of perceived subordinates’ well-being, ultimately leading to job satisfaction. Keywords: Transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style, job satisfaction, nurse educators. Title: The Theoretical Framework of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles in Enhancing Job Satisfaction of Nurse Educators in Malaysia Author: Moey Soo Foon International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness by the end of 2014 there were more than 578,424 homeless people in the U.S.A. This already large number is continuing to increase, and this problem is becoming a risk to the future of many Americans. Homelessness is viewed as a personal choice or mistake, such as being addicted to drugs or alcohol, or other reasons like unemployment, or losing a house during an economic collapse. While conducting my research on this topic, I noticed that there has been much research on homelessness in the past and even presently, however the effort put into a solution for this problem by the government and the people has not yet been enough. In this summary of my research I will include the facts, reasons, and solutions to end homelessness in the United States of America. Keywords: Homelessness in USA, facts, reasons, and solutions. Title: Homelessness in USA Author: Mohammed Jarallah International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study dwelt on the farmers’ experience in coffee production, harvesting, post harvesting and marketing in Balbalan, Kalinga. The study consisted of three components, namely: 1) description of the socioeconomic characteristics of the coffee farmers; 2) description of the coffee production, harvesting, post harvesting and marketing practices; 3) assessment of the problems encountered and potential interventions to improve the coffee industry. The coffee farmers are generally 43 years old, have at least with 2000m2 of coffee farms and medium (5 members) household size. Researchers have identified eight challenges and potential interventions in the coffee production, harvesting, post harvesting and marketing. Keywords: Coffee industry, coffee farmers, coffee production, coffee postharvesting and marketing. Title: Coffee Farmers Socio-Economic Status, Problems Encountered and Potential Intervention for the Enhancement of the Coffee Industry in Balbalan, Kalinga, Philippines Author: Robert A. Rodolfo, Irene S. Calsiyao, Rex M. Duclayan, Jefferson A. Himson International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The field of second or world language teaching has undergone many shifts and trends over the last few decades. Numerous methods, for example the Audio-lingual method, Cognitive based approaches, the Total Physical Response (TPR), the Natural approach have come and gone. It is also believed that there is no one single method that meets the goals and needs of all learners and programmes. What has emerged this time is a variety of communicative language teaching (CLT) methodologies. Despite recent challenges, CLT remains influential and continues to be implemented in a number of contemporary ELT contexts. Keywords: Communicative language teaching, communicative approach, content based instruction, task-based instruction. Title: Recent Trends in Communicative Language Teaching and Its Role in the Sultanate of Oman Author: M. Nagalakshmi, Dr. K. Girija Rajaram International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Adolescents is the time where a child becomes an adult, this age starts with the onset of puberty which is characterized by both physical and psychological changes. Often these times can be confusing to a teenager and due to the changes there will be lot of questions. Sometimes they have to deal with depression and peer pressure which can lead to severe steps like suicide attempt. We propose an android application which hopes to give answers to their questions not only regarding puberty but overall health issues and concerns. Keywords: Adolescents, android, health, puberty, teenager. Title: ADOLHEALTH- Adolescent Health Awareness Application Author: Bhagyashree Rai, Pallavi Kamble, Mitali Devasir International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Visual graphics have become increasingly important in delivering information in this present time and it isthe one of new medium in the development communication methods. Among the new medium of delivery information, there are also have delivery information by using visual media which involves interaction between the senses of sight, which allows the audience to receive the information by the printed graphic. In this paper, the authors identified that the graphic designer does not have any guidelines or standards to make a good infographic especially for students who are learning in the subjects of history, known as the chronology. In order to design an infographic that a designer should know the infographic design features to be developed and this study describes the instrument that can be used by designers to identify the characteristics of sequential design infographic. The instrument that will be use in this paper is questionnaire. The respondents comprised of teachers and students who took history courses in 13 secondary schools in Bachok, Kelantan and professional graphic designers in Kelantan. This study is to describe the instrument that can be used by designers to identify the features of chronological infographic preferred by user. Keywords: Visual graphic, Infographic, Instrument, Design features. Title: The Development of Instrument to Identify the Design Specification of Digital Chronological Infographic Author: Mohd Syamsulfitri Mohamad Idris, Khairul Azhar Mat Daud International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This research paper aims to evaluate and confirm that through the use of Garage Band within the PYP Curriculum one can foster a passion and interest for music composition. Using music technology as an effective tool can enhance the PYP curriculum within a British International School. The focus of this research concentrated on St Andrews International School in Thailand where several learners in Grade 6 were interviewed through means of action research. This is a qualitative study valuable for music educators at international schools, who intend to use music technology and Garage Band in the near future. This program allowed learners to be creative and experiment with different sounds and textures, adding various instruments and using loops to create several compositions. The PYP programme allowed teachers to incorporate music technology into their curriculum, which meant that learners could be innovative and explore different elements of music. Keywords: Howard Gardner, Garage Band, intelligence, melody, musical ability, musical aptitude, Pattaya, pattern, pitch, PYP- programme, rhythm, tonal, textures, Thailand. Title: The Use of Garage Band within the PYP Curriculum – An Investigation of the British International School in Thailand Author: Mario Maxwell Müller International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper is about how equity theory is very important to our life. Without it we cannot continue our relationship and life with others. Most people do not understand the concept of equity theory, and that why their relationship with others did not last. In this paper, I apply equity theory to two Scenarios and the results were when people treat their partners or others with fair and impartial, they will be happy and satisfied. However, when people give too much in the relationship and receive a little or nothing in return, they would feel unsatisfied and unhappy, and the relationship cannot last. Keywords: Continue our relationship, Equity in Marriage. Title: Equity Theory Author: Sultan Almusam International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify the necessary framework to set up a Deep Sea Port in Nigeria. A Deep Sea port is a port that provides for the staging and anchoring or docking of boats, ships, and other marine vessels often for the purpose of loading or unloading products or goods. The difference between deep sea ports and regular ports is that a deep sea port has a longer depth from surface to sea bottom. We will examine the framework and regulatory compliance required to set up a Deep Sea Port. Finally, we will consider the impact of Deep Sea Ports around Nigeria on the Nigerian economy. Keywords: Legal Framework, boats, ships, and other marine vessels. Title: The Legal Framework for Setting up A Deep Sea Port in Nigeria Author: Damilola Osinuga International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: No region or country is immune to Natural Disasters. But the differentiating factor lies in a country’s response and ability to rise up from the effects of unexpected external causes. This paper wishes to address and shed light on two aspects: the effects of natural disaster on a country’s: economy and society, and also the response of respective Governments/ international institutions to the disaster by highlighting the level of effectiveness. This will be done, by comparing the major effects (economic and social) of disaster on a developed and an under-developed nation’s society and economy, the nation’s responsiveness in terms of aid and disaster management, and finally, critically analyzing this responsiveness between the two. It will also explore reasons why under- developed nations tend to suffer more as compared to wealthier nations, and the difference in cost shouldered by nations of varying development. The two nation’s that will be analyzed along with the respective disaster are: Developed- United States of America; 2005 hurricane Katrina, and Underdeveloped- Haiti; 2010 Haiti Earthquake. This paper will not focus on the concept of development, so will not explore, but rather view it as the progress and advancement- socially and economically (as comparitive degree of progress between U.S and Haiti). But more crucially to this paper, will understand how differently endowed countries tend to react appropriately. Beyond data and facts, unfortunately, there is not adequate literature and material that discuss a country’s ‘responsiveness’. To elaborate- because of differences in factors such as: political, social, economical, legal, cultural, demographic, technological advancements (for e.g. in forecasting disasters) etc., the scope in comprehending how nations are affected by disasters and deal with them is huge, - especially considering the fact that nations are likely to respond differently based on the differences in the above mentioned factors. There are inherent factors that already affect how a nation may withstand/respond to the economic and social effects, which are inevitably based on its economic might and social resource. It is through these themes, this topic is relatively unexplored. There is a need to understand that the development of a nation, and its own factors can play a differentiating role in: saving lives, minimizing cost, provide more aid, planning, providing manpower, keeping the economy afloat, etc.; and how the disaster is viewed and approached with response. Apart from loss in lives and property, themes such as- losses, unemployment, loss in production, increased borrowing, aid, inflation, derailment of trade, etc., are common to disasters. Because of unexpectedness, they can affect the economy to destructive lengths- to even cause recessions in some cases, which is why there is a need to understand how fast a nation, can bounce back to normalcy. With such predilection, there comes a need to study this. The impact of this research will be that it will expand the scope of research, and also provide for the development of present/future disaster management programs by highlighting underlying reasons and factors that affect a nation, so that more effective disaster management programs/methods can be implemented to be able to efficiently deal with disasters, -by neutralizing the ‘development’ factor. This paper will bring out certain conclusions; that developed nations tend to suffer greater capital/ monetary loss because of high level of capital invested (across all sectors), where as under-developed nations tend to suffer greater loss of lives as compared to economic/monetary loss. Again within the developed nation (US), the Black population suffered more in terms of greater number of lives lost than the white population because of lack of options, which confined them immobile and more susceptible to threat as they did not have the resources to either take shelter nor travel away from the disaster point. US worked independently (all Federal agencies towards a common yet combined goal) and recovered (economic, infrastructure and social) within six months, unlike Haiti who relied completely on international help (different agencies/nations worked independent of each other resulting in chaos and lack of concrete recovery), and is recovering from the effects of earthquake even today (both economically and socially). The paper will base its data and literature on secondary data, derived from congressional reports, humanitarian works, aid agencies, NGO’s etc. Existing reports and papers will provide data; the main analysis of ‘developed’ and ‘under developed’ nations will be developed from secondary data. The analysis and inferences will be made using existing data- by understanding trends, patterns in economy and society, and combining them with existing theories and anecdotes by experts in the field. Keywords: Natural Disasters, Development, Developed, Underdeveloped, Earthquake, Hurricane, USA, Haiti, Economy, Hurricane Katrina, Haiti Earthquake, International Economics. Title: Natural Disasters: The Economic and Social Impact, and Overview of Responsiveness of Countries Based on Development Author: NATHAN SERVAND International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This thesis explores the role of “hiikkannaa” peace making practice in conflict resolution and sustaining peace among Macca Oromo of Eastern Wallagga Zone. It aims at discussing the customary procedure of “hiikkannaa” practice in settling disputes and rebuilding peace in the area. During data collection, we employed ethnographic methods such as observation, focus group discussions and semi-structured interview. In data analysis, we used interpretive method to discuss the collected data. The analyzed data shows that, “hiikkannaa” peacemaking practice has vital role in resolving conflict and perpetuating peace of the study area. The “hiikkannaa” practice helps disputing parties to come to one stage and give forgiveness to each other. It could uproot conflicts stayed in the community for decades or century that passed from generation to generation. The “hiikkannaa” peacemaking practiced at the center of Akke Risa since the Oromo started to live in the area. At the center of Akke Risa, there are actors such as salgee or shanee and Abba Sida facilitate the procedure of “hiikkannaa” practice. The thesis concludes that, the “hiikkannaa” practice is the peace making procedure in which the conflict parties pardon each other for the past offenses whenever it happened. Keywords: Hiikkannaa / Peacemaking practice / Limmu Oromo / Macca branch / Ethiopia. Title: The Role of Hiikkannaa Peacemaking Practice in Conflict Resolution among Macca Oromo, Ethiopia Author: Megersa Regassa, Waktole Hailu, Kamil Mohammed International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This research explains the role of weavers in socio cultural development among Maccaa Oromo. It addresses their contribution in day to day life of Maccaa Oromo society. In addition it discussed their role in religious, cultural, social and economic activities of Oromo society. The artisan provide ritual cloths which has especial respect. These cloths have both functional and symbolic significances for Oromo society. Thus without the contribution of artisans people ritual, festival and other social event which are celebrated annually or temporary cannot be performed. During data collection, ethnographic methods such as observation, focus group discussions and semi-structured interview were employed. In data analysis, interpretive method was used to discuss the collected data. Keywords: weavers, sociocultural, maccaa oromo. Title: The Role of Indigenous Artisan in Socio Cultural Development: The Case of Weavers in Maccaa Oromo of East Wallagga, Ethiopia Author: Waktole Hailu, Megersa Regassa, Kamil Mohammed International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The paper aims to analyze the changing composition of growth and the sector playing the lead role in pulling the overall growth of the Indian economy. In this regard, the regression analysis is performed to study the impact of different sectors on the rest of the economy. Further, in order to throw light on the importance of different sectors for the growth of service sector, the absolute contribution of the sector in real gross value added is regressed on the absolute share of agriculture and manufacturing in real gross value added. The study for the purpose of analysis, primarily uses the annual data of real Gross values added at 2004-05 constant prices from the year 1981 to 2012 obtained from the National Account Statistics, CSO. The study concludes that secondary sector and trade, hotels, transport and communication sector turn out to be the lead sectors in pulling the overall growth of the economy whereas agriculture continues to be the important sector because despite having lowest contribution to output, it has highest contribution in employment. The revival of the manufacturing and more so the agriculture sector so that the aggregate growth of the economy drives its impetus is need of the hour. Keywords: Structural change, Agriculture, Manufacturing, Service, Gross value added, Regression analysis. Title: Structural Change in Indian Economy: Changing Composition of Growth Author: Priyanka Tariyal International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals