Vol 6 Issue 1 January 2018-March 2018

Abstract: There are several writings explaining the stability of world’s distribution of influence and supremacy. The world order includes various stakeholders such as independent states and international organizations. While some writers look at the traditional concept of the world order, which follows a neorealist theory of power domination to single states, Barry Buzan, in his article provides different perspectives on the superiority of the United States in the system. This review article looks into the ideas of his work, A World Order Without Superpowers: Decentred Globalism. The article provides a summary of the two perspectives of Buzan’s arguments. The first scenario indicates that the writer views the United States as a long-term super power. The second scenario argues that the world system has no specific country that is a superpower except various great powers, whose differences may lead the world into chaos. The summary provides a profound explanation of the writer’s ideas on the instability of US as a super power and the existence of other regional powers such as China. The second part of this article critiques his notions. This article bases its review on the format, purpose, and source of Buzan’s work amongst other factors. The review confirms that the article is informing as it offers an alternative thinking to the neo-realist ideas. Despite the typographical errors observed, the article remains a reliable, legible and forthright.

Keywords: World System, Superpower, the US, Great powers, China.

Title: A World Order without Superpowers: Decentred Globalism

Author: Anette Mogaka

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This article generally explored factors that influenced smartphone usage motives and academic performances among undergraduates in the Faculty of Modern Language and Communication, University Putra Malaysia. Usage of smartphone facilities towards learning goal was also another possible factor considered since it seemed little or no consideration has been given to using the facilities for learning goals. Furthermore, smartphone usage pattern was also examined in this project paper. Quantitative data was collected through survey questionnaire, which was administered to 303 respondents in four departments of Modern Language and Communication Faculty via simple random sampling technique. Regarding the result, the first hypothesis outcome showed no significant positive relationships between smartphone cognitive need and academic performances. While the second hypothesis, showed a significant positive relationship between smartphone personal integrative need and academic performances. In the usage of smartphone facilities for learning goal, it showed that greater numbers of them utilized smartphone facilities such as Web Browser, Email and Short Message Service (SMS) as learning facilities, though Web Browser was identified as the most smartphone facility used for leaning goal. In terms of usage patterns, the result affirmed that the respondents chose patterns that were considered most appropriate to them.

Keywords: Smartphone usage motive, Academic performances, Undergraduates, Smartphone usage pattern, Smartphone cognitive need, Smartphone personal integrative need.

Title: Smartphone Usage Motives and Academic Performances among Undergraduates in University Putra Malaysia

Author: Chinedu Eugenia Anumudu, Nor Azura Adzharuddin, M al –Imran Yasin

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: False information can often have a severe impact on policymakers and civil populations alike. The duty of the political scientist is, therefore, to serve her society by finding and explaining the truth, even when it would go against the agenda and desires of her own people. The issue concerning the Muslim population in Rakhine State is not only a recent affair but also something, which has been going on in Myanmar for many years. Often the foreign onlookers will take side with the minority because the idea that a privileged majority is oppressing the minority is a commonly occurring belief in an unequal relationship. Before we lay blame and demand repercussions it is important to seek the truth of the matter and determine who bears responsibility and where guilt truly belongs. In doing this, we need to go back into history and trace the line of events leading up to the present situation in order to find a way to resolve it. This article seeks to examine what is currently happening in Rakhine State, what has happened in the past, who bears responsibility for the situation, and who truly knows the truth about the issues?

Keywords: Myanmar, Rakhine State, Rohingya.

Title: Between Truths and Misconceptions about the Rakhine State

Author: Khin Myat Kyaw Thu

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This paper sought to establish that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) could be the solution to the national economic problem of stagnation and decline, if they conglomerated and crafted one broad strategy. The SMEs sector in Zimbabwe constitutes 70% of economic activity, employs more than 60% of the labour force and contributes an average 50% to gross domestic product according to the 2013 National Budget. For these reasons, the government acknowledges and recognises the SMEs sector as an engine for economic growth and development according to the National Micro Small and Medium Enterprises National Policy Framework 2014-2018. The study revealed that most people ventured into SMEs as a strategy to supplement their meagre incomes; and capitalised on the downfall of big companies. The researchers used the qualitative paradigm for the study to allow participants to express themselves without limitations through interviews and focus group discussions. The paper discussed strategies used in SMEs sectors by different countries to contribute towards economy rejuvenation, economic growth and development. However, the researchers realised that in spite of support by government and political will, there was no consolidated and coordinated strategy for SMEs in Zimbabwe hence some SMEs were not aware of efforts that were being made by other stakeholders such as councils and banks to help them survive and grow which could enable them to fully contribute to the recovery of the economy. The participants blamed this on poor networking and communication among stakeholders. The participants proposed that a council based consolidated SMEs register should be compiled concurrently with a register for all potential benefactors of the sector. The SMEs register should be accompanied by sector based business strategies while that of benefactors should include the sector specific assistance offered. The main pillars of the proposed SMEs integrated strategy were that each SME could have a well-crafted Business Strategic Plan drawn from the National SMEs Strategic Plan guideline; cost structures could be reviewed with a view to reduce costs of production and doing business; targeted support, which is sector and business specific, must be offered; and an SMEs corporate governance framework could be developed.

Keywords: integrated, strategy, rejuvenation, consolidated.

Title: An Integrated Strategy for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Leads to A Revitalisation and Growth of the Ailing Zimbabwean Economy

Author: Stanley Idanai Murangwa, Dr Caxton Shonhiwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Researches done on second language acquisition have shown that learners of the second language do make a number of errors. In many cases these errors are not deliberate but occur naturally due to the first languages structure and how that structure interacts with the language that the learner intends to acquire. This study was carried out among learners of Kiswahili, a bantu language spoken in most parts of Eastern Africa. Those studied were those whose first language is EkeGusii another Bantu language spoken in Kisii county in the western part of Kenya. The study was done with a view to establish grammatical errors that occurred both in spoken and written Kiswahili made by children whose first language is EkeGusii. The study was carried out in the rural area within the southern part of the county. The decision to carry out the study in rural areas was based on the fact that these learners have had less interaction with other languages and therefore the effects of the first language were likely to be more prominent. The study revealed that errors occurred as a result of the first language structure and sounds that were transferred to Kiswahili thereby substantially affecting communication in the second language.

Keywords: Grammatical errors, Effects, EkeGusii, Kiswahili.

Title: Challenges of Acquiring Second Language: A Case Study of Ekegusii Speakers Learning Kiswahili in Kenya

Author: Otebo Mogere Mercy, Dr. Silas Owala, Dr. Elizabeth Odhiambo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of empiricism and its contribution to nursing epistemology.  It describes the key philosophical assumptions and discusses the major tenets of this school of thought. Finally, it highlights the role of empiricism to the development of nursing epistemology and presents the benefits and limitations of the research, as chosen from this philosophical orientation.

Methods: This is an opinion article that discuses the authors’ opinion regarding the importance of empiricism to nursing practice and how it contributed to nursing epistemology.

Results: In nursing, the development of nursing knowledge through empiricism approach is deemed appropriate because the nature of the nursing practice requires predictions and explanations; empiricism has the capacity for explanation, which is necessary for clinical practice. Through empiricism, the human phenomena related to normal and abnormal physiological or psychological processes can be objectively identified and observed.

Conclusions: The nursing knowledge yielded through an empirical approach is considered fit for generalization based on an explanation of similar phenomena. Since the role of values as claimed by this approach tends to be ‘value free’, the nursing knowledge yielded from empiricism is considered valid, reliable, and objective. This makes the nursing practice evidence based. 

Keywords: philosophy, empiricism, nurses, knowledge.

Title: An Overview of Empiricism and Its Contribution to Nursing Epistemology

Author: Dr. Yusra S M Al Nasiri

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The West African region has been identified as a major transit point for the transshipment of illicit drugs from Latin and South America into Europe. Among the countries in West Africa used mostly as a transit route into Europe is Ghana to the south and Guinea-Bissau to the North. The UNODC as the global leader in fighting the menace of illicit drug trade with field offices across the world including the West African region have succeeded in the bringing this drug menace under the control in some parts of the region such as Ghana and have failed in other parts such as Guinea-Bissau. This paper employed the Neo Elites paradigm to examine and explain why the UNODC was able to record success stories with their interventions with some governments and failed with the others in the West African region. National Elites can either promote a stable political regime or cause a disruption in the social and political systems of a country depending on whether they are consensually unified national elites or ‘disunified’ national elites. This study brings to bare how domestic factors were the main determinants of the successes and the failures recorded so far in the fight against drug trade.

Keywords: Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, UNODC, Drug Trafficking, Neo Elite theory, West Africa.

Title: UNODC’s Fight against Drug Trafficking in West Africa: A Comparative Case Study of Ghana and Guinea-Bissau

Author: Dennis Senam Amable

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This paper highlighted the incidences of domestic water stress in Lamza Tudu, Lamza Kaza and Gunda communities of Guyuk local government area of Adamawa State with a view to examine the effects of this phenomenon on the health condition of the people in the area. The communities were purposively selected and the respondents within selected households were randomly chosen. A total of 88 respondents, one each from the households provided the required information for the research. Results indicated that 90.9% of the households in the selected communities are water-stressed at domestic level and only 9.1% are not water-stressed. The correlation between domestic water stress and health results also shows a moderate negative relationship at r = -0.508 which is significant at p<0.000<p<0.05. With this scenario therefore, there is need to provide a sustainable measure to tackle water stress in the affected communities. Rainwater harvesting strategy should be designed for each household to capture water, store and treat for household use. This planning strategy will involve rainfall studies, households’ water requirement and consumption so as to determine the size of tanks that will be appropriate for each household to store water for use especially during the dry season when the water stress worsens in the area.

Keywords: Domestic Water Stress, Health, Effects, Communities.

Title: Domestic Water Stress and its Effects on Health in Selected Communities in Guyuk Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria

Author: Phanuel B. Joshua, John O. Odihi, George G. Glanda, Felix A. Ilesanmi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Multinational firms are always under pressure to find the most profitable ways to bring products to market. To effectively compete, organizations must continuously improve their performance by reducing costs, enhancing quality, and differentiating their products and services. Increasingly, this means relying on third parties management and outsourced services have to lead to a highly collaborative working relationship with their suppliers. This study therefore aimed at to determine the role of supplier management practices in the optimization of operational performance in telecommunication service industry in Kenya. A case of Safaricom Kenya. The independent variable of this study are supplier selection process, supplier involvement practices, supplier development practices, and supplier monitoring programs while the dependent variable of the study is optimization of operational performance. Theories relevant to this study were Transaction Cost Theory, Resource Dependency Theory, Social Capital Theory and Deming's theory of Total Quality Management. Study variables were discussed under the conceptual framework after that operationalized. The target population constitutes of Safaricom employees involved in procurement operation and suppliers of both at headquarters and other customer care centers with a sample size of 50 staffs and suppliers. Stratified random sampling was carried out. The research instruments that were used included printed questionnaires. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tools, and SPSS version 21 was used to process the collected data which was then to be presented in the form of tables. Correlation analysis was conducted to describe the strength of the linear relationship between two variable which indicated that 76.2% of change of Optimization of Operational performance was explained by the four variables namely; supplier selection process, supplier development programs, supplier involvement, supplier monitoring programs and revealed that they play a significant role in optimizing of operational performance. The study recommends that management of companies in telecommunication industry should embrace overall effective and efficient supplier management practices that focus on long-term goals of the organization.

Keywords: Operational Performance, Supplier Selection Process, Supplier Involvement Practices, Supplier Development Practices, And Supplier Monitoring Programs.

Title: Role of Supplier Management Practices in Optimization of Operational Performance in Telecommunication Service Industry in Kenya: A Case of Safaricom Limited

Author: Muo Charles, Dr. Jane Omwenga

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: In the Malaysia development plan, the manufacturing sector always aimed to transit to a more high-value, diverse and complex products. To achieve, the comparative advantage of each product in manufacturing needs to be known. Therefore, it is very important for Malaysia to identify the comparative advantage of manufactured goods. This identification could help to increase Malaysia’s export demand in the future. This paper analyses the changes in the comparative advantage of Malaysian manufacturing exports over the period from 1990 to 2013 using Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) index for manufacturing export commodities at the three digit level of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). There are 215 commodities that cover all the Malaysia’s manufactured goods. Results reveal that there are minor changes in the patterns of comparative advantage in the Malaysia. Relatively, there are more dynamic changes in low technology product than the primary, resources based, medium technology and high technology product. It shown that Malaysia more concreted on low technology products. These findings are useful for policy consideration to identify product specialization for enhancing competitiveness and promoting economic growth.

Keywords: Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage, Malaysian manufacturing exports, SITC.

Title: An Empirical Analysis of Changes in Comparative Advantage: The Case of Malaysia Manufacturing Exports 1990-2013

Author: Noor Aida Noh, Mukhriz Izraf Azman Aziz, Lim Hock Eam

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This descriptive study examined the anxiety level in the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) and the extent of preparation for the exam of pre-service teachers. The respondents of the study composed of 109 Teacher Education graduates, taking review class at Iloilo Science in Technology University ISAT U Miagao Campus, Miagao, Iloilo. They were identified using purposive sampling. A validated researcher-made instrument on LET Anxiety and Extent of Preparation for LET was employed. Mean, SD, Mann Whitney U, and Kruskal Wallis were utilized as statistical techniques. The study was conducted two to three months before the schedule of the board exam, to find out the LET anxiety level and their extent of preparation for the board exam.

Results revealed that pre-service teachers had a high LET anxiety level. BEEd respondents were more anxious of the LET than the BSEd pre-service teachers. As a whole, they had a moderate extent of LET preparation. BEEd pre-service teachers had a higher extent of LET preparation than the BSEd pre-service teachers. Respondents had a greater extent of LET preparation for General Education subjects than for Professional Education and Major subjects. No significant difference existed in the pre-service teachers’ level of LET anxiety, however, a significant difference existed in their extent of LET preparation. Pre-service teachers’ anxiety level was not correlated with their extent of preparation for the LET.

Keywords: anxiety, preparation, Licensure Examination, pre-service teachers.

Title: Pre-Service Teachers’ Anxiety and Preparation Prior to Board Examination

Author: Shirley D. Frigillano, Sandra T. Examen, Linda N. Nulada

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Nearly three decades ago, the Soviet Union collapsed. In its wake, the dissolution of the USSR left numerous countries in a precarious situation, as they were forced to transform themselves from regions dependent on a world power, to individual, independent states. Since that time, there have been hundreds of studies on the political fallout that ensued. Likewise, there have been numerous studies devoted to the economic consequences. Although there has been a fair amount of studies addressing the issues of human rights in these countries, we are currently witnessing new era of discrimination and persecution targeted at ethnic minorities, particularly in Central Asia.

As we approach the 30th anniversary of the breakup of the Soviet Union, we notice that old wounds have not been quick to heal; rather, the lines drawn following the dissolution have torn apart communities, and have led to many of the abuses cited by human rights organizations around the world. As this paper will present, many of the divides are driven largely by ethnic divides, and cannot simply be reduced to political or religious diffrences. To be certain, these factors are important, and are not mutually exclusive. However, this paper seeks to address the sociological underpinnings that contribute to the ongoing conflicts in the region, particularly as they relate to minority groups. As it is beyond the scope of this paper to address the entire Central Asian region, we have limited our study to Kyrgyzstan and its Uzbek minority.

Keywords: Treatment of Minorities in Kyrgyzstan, USSR.

Title: The Treatment of Minorities in Kyrgyzstan: The Case of Uzbeks

Author: Professor Shaul M. Gabbay

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The study sought to understand how service recovery efforts influence passenger loyalty in the airline industry using the case of Rwanda Air. This study was motivated by the fact that service failure and service recovery have attracted considerable attention in the airline industry. The study was premised on the objective to establish whether the service recovery efforts by the airlines influence passenger loyalty. Using a closed ended- on line administered questionnaire, the respondents were asked to rate the different constructs of service recovery identified through literature review. These respondents were only corporate passengers got from the Rwanda air offices in Kampala and Kigali. The questionnaires were then downloaded and entered into SPSS for Analysis. The relationship between Service Recovery and passenger Loyalty were analysed based on four items as independent variables (Reliability, Responsiveness, assurance and Empathy). Results show that there is a statistical significant positive relationship between service recovery and passenger loyalty, F (4, 86) = 2.461, p < 0.05. R Square .061, this implies that 6.1% of variation in passenger Loyalty was explained by the independent variables included in the model.

Keywords: Service Recovery, Passenger Loyalty, Airline Industry.

Title: Service Recovery Efforts as Key to Passenger Loyalty in the Airline Industry: The Case of Rwanda Air

Author: Arthur Nuwagaba, Polly Bangambaki Namaye, Frank Ahimbisibwe, Sarah Nabachwa, Lydia Kisekka Namateefu

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The study seeks to evaluate the issues and challenges posed by disposal of solid waste on the built environment in general and specifically on property values by exploring its impact on the inhabitants, the building structures as well as the Old Bodija neighborhood, Ibadan, South West, Nigeria. Literature hinged on the framework of healthy city concept is used as a standard for quality while closed and open-ended questions were administered on randomly sampled 87 residents of Old Bodija, Ibadan randomly and evaluated using simple descriptive analysis. Results revealed that values of buildings, as well as the physiological welfare of residents, cannot be isolated from the building and the environment in which they live vis-à-vis their waste disposal methods. The study proposes improved waste collection system, provision of properly designed waste disposal points to enhance separation and recycling, refining waste levying system, adequate funding for waste disposal, review and enforcement of environmental and health laws with corresponding policy statements to help achieve the Healthy City Concept of the United Nations.

Keywords: building structure, solid waste, property, values.

Title: Solid Waste Management and Property Values: Issues and Challenges in Old Bodija, Ibadan, Nigeria

Author: ADENIRAN AYO A., ELEGBEDE O.T., OGUNDIRAN A.A.

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: From activities of state-owned enterprise during the past few years, from enterprise reengineering results which have been focused on state-owned companies from 2011 until now, it is clearly showed that existing conceptions and theories about state-owned enterprise are not realistically suitable. This enterprise’s mechanism, especially internal organization and management system, is not sufficient enough to achieve the expected results that Vietnam’s government as well as its economy requires. In sum, we are in need of reasonable argument and updated conception for the current situation of Vietnam’s state-owned enterprise.

Keywords: state-owned enterprise, theory, practical.

Title: “STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE” THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES IN VIETNAM

Author: Dinh Van Trung

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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