Vol 13 Issue 2 April 2025-June 2025

Abstract: Works of Tehmina Durrani, Taslima Nasrin and Shashi Deshpande reflect the place of Women in the Post – Colonial period, the contribution of women to stand up to the repressive Cultural set-up and to alter the social milieu by their progressive efforts to find their rightful place in society. Societies portrayed in Tehmina’s My Feudal Lord and Blasphemy, Deshpande’s That Long Silence and The Binding Vine and Nasrin’s Lajja, prescribe traditional and well – defined roles for women. All the said novels peep into the societal forces responsible for the marginalization of women in South Asian societies. Deshpande focuses on the lives of middle class Indian women striving to negotiate with a highly repressive patriarchal society. Tehmina concerns herself with the miserable conditions of upper class women in a repressive Muslim set-up which treats women like slaves and violence against women is a way of life. Nasrin’s Lajja speaks of the dehumanization of women in a society hijacked and manipulated by Muslim fanatics. Whatever the scenario, all the three women novelists agree that women are the worst sufferers.

The paper makes an attempt to decipher whether women in the said works evolve and reconstruct themselves vis-à-vis the challenges they encounter in finding their just place in the patriarchal set-up that is almost similar in South Asian societies. The texts reflect that women ultimately come to the realization that they just deteriorate and erase their identity in accommodating and adhering to the unjust demands and expectations of their spouses and the family. Marriage, considered to be a sacred institution, spells doom for women. They find themselves trapped, suffocated, degraded and dehumanized. Then they rebel, stand up and take on the forces that are hell bent upon exploiting them and decimating their personalities as human beings.

Keywords: Patriarchy, Dehumanization, Repression, Marginalization, Internalization.

Title: Emergence of Women as Vehicles of Change in Selected Works of Tehmina Durrani, Taslima Nasrin and Shashi Deshpande

Author: Dr. Rakesh Kumar

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 266-269

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Published Date: 15-May-2025

Abstract: This research paper explores the complex interplay between marriage and gender inequality among Nepali women, spotlighting how empowerment can redefine their societal roles and enhance their quality of life. In Nepal, traditional marriage practices are often deeply entrenched in rigid gender roles, which significantly limit women's rights and opportunities. This dynamic is vividly illustrated in Arpan Sharma's “The Lives We Leave Behind”, where the protagonist navigates the constraints of societal expectations and the quest for personal autonomy, reflecting the struggles faced by many women within this cultural context. Similarly, Khaled Hosseini's “The Kite Runner” illuminates the gender disparities present in Afghan society, where cultural and patriarchal forces shape the lives of female characters like Hassan’s mother and Soraya. By examining the roles of education, community support and economic independence, this study delineates the various challenges Nepali and Afghani women face in their pursuit of equality and their persistent efforts to surmount these barriers. Throughout the narrative, both Arpan Sharma’s and Khaled Hosseini’s characters engage in transformative journeys that underscore the necessity of educational opportunities and economic empowerment, highlighting how these elements can serve as catalysts for social change. The argument posits that empowering women through increased access to education and financial resources is not merely beneficial but essential for fostering gender equality and transforming perceptions about marriage and women's roles within society. As Nepal and Afghanistan navigates the delicate balance between long-standing traditions and burgeoning modern influences, this research paper provides invaluable insights into the factors steering change in marriage practices, underlining the critical importance of education, economic autonomy and robust social support networks as echoed in both Arpan Sharma's and Khaled Hosseini's narratives.

Keywords: Marriage practices, Modernization, Gender equality, Women Empowerment.

Title: Exploring Marriage, Gender Inequality, and Empowerment among Nepali and Afghani Women: A Comparative Analysis of “The Lives We Leave Behind” with “The Kite Runner”

Author: Subhanshi Sharma, Dr. Rakesh Kumar

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 261-265

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 10-May-2025

Abstract: Literary theory serves as the foundational framework for contemporary research in English literature, offering and exploring perspectives to interrogate, interpret, and analyse texts. Theories such as Formalism, Structuralism, Post-Structuralism, Feminism, New Historicism, Post-colonialism, Eco-criticism and Marxism enable contemporary researchers to explore the relationship between literature, culture, identity society. Formalism relates to the structure of a literary text; Feminism emphasises the representation of women in literature; Marxism seeks to find and analyse class struggle and the exploitation of workers at the hands of the capitalists; Post – Structuralism deconstructs traditional ideas of meaning and truth. Post – Colonial studies analyse literary works in the context of colonial dominance and the experiences of the colonized. The study underscores how literary theory fosters interdisciplinary dialogues, enabling scholars to address issues such as power dynamics, gender issues, environmental crises and cultural hybridity through literary analysis. Thenotions associated with literary writings as being divinely inspired have been challenged and deconstructed. A literary text is just like any other text in social sciences and makes sense only in its cultural matrix. This paper argues that literary theory enriches the understanding of a text by pointing to its origin and the inter-play of power equations and the cultural context. Moreover, Literary theories have in a way refined research. Earlier, researchers had to depend entirely on tracing influences, relating the works to the biographies of the authors and wrote impressionistic critiques. With literary theories on the scene, researchers enjoy greater freedom in choosing authors, to select texts that reflect and co-relate with the tenets of a specific theoretical configuration. The research fits into a spectrum and becomes part of a body of research in a particular field. Earlier, research, however brilliant the Critique might have been, remained an isolated piece of criticism.

Keywords: Structuralism, Post-structural Feminism, New Historicism, Deconstruction, Post-Colonial studies.

Title: Literary Theory as the Backbone of the Contemporary Research in English Literature

Author: Abhinav Divyal, Dr. Rakesh Kumar

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 256-260

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 10-May-2025

Abstract: The ongoing expansion of the market, coupled with rapid technological advancements, has greatly influenced the increasing demand for superior services from consumers. As a result, many organizations, including Kenya Railways, are adopting technological solutions such as Management Information Systems (MIS) to enhance their operational efficiency and service delivery. However, insufficient integration of MIS can lead to poor data sharing among various organizational departments, which in turn can cause a significant drop in productivity within the organization. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of financial management information systems on the performance of corporate oragnizations in Kenya. A descriptive research design was utilized for this investigation. The unit of analysis was the state-owned corporation, specifically Kenya Railways, while the unit of observation comprised the employees of Kenya Railways, which has a total workforce of 2,700 individuals. Stratified sampling techniques were employed, and participants were selected using a simple random sampling method, aiming for a target sample size of 385 individuals. A systematic questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Before data collection, a pilot test was conducted with 38 participants from the same organization, representing 10% of the total population, and this group was excluded from the final analysis. Construct and content validity were assessed, and reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, focusing on means and standard deviations, and presented in tables and graphs. Qualitative data underwent thematic analysis, while inferential statistics, including multiple regression analysis, were also applied. The findings indicated a significant positive correlation between financial, procurement and the performance of Kenya Railways Corporation. The study concludes that the Financial Management Information System (FMIS) provides accurate and timely financial information, enabling KRC to make informed decisions on budget allocations and financial planning. The study recommends enhancing the financial management information system with user-friendly, scalable technology for large data management.

Keywords: Financial Management Information Systems, Performance.

Title: INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CORPORATE ORGANIZATIONS IN KENYA

Author: Evans Kiprotich Yebei, Dr. Morrisson Mutuku

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 237-243

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Published Date: 09-May-2025

Abstract: This study investigates the resettlement initiatives for survivors of the Lake Nyos disaster in Menchum Division, Northwest Cameroon, following the catastrophic gas eruption of 1986. It posits that while multiple local, national, and international efforts were mobilized to aid the displaced population, these resettlement interventions were predominantly insufficient and poorly executed. The analysis further argues that the resettled communities’ aspirations and needs remain unmet, primarily due to government actions that lacked responsiveness to local realities and the inefficacy of overarching resettlement strategies. Employing a qualitative methodology that incorporates interviews, archival documents, and secondary sources, the study critically examines the resettlement challenges encountered by Lake Nyos disaster survivors. The findings underscore key deficiencies in the resettlement efforts, including excessive bureaucratic centralization, corruption, and the systematic exclusion of local perspectives, which have exacerbated the socio-economic vulnerabilities of the displaced population. This paper also identifies a significant gap in the literature, as scholars have largely neglected the long-term socio-economic impacts of resettlement policies and the failure to integrate displaced communities into sustainable post-disaster recovery frameworks.

Keywords: Lake Nyos Disaster, Survivors, Displacement, Resettlement, Socio-economic Vulnerability.

Title: Resettlement Challenges and the Plight of Lake Nyos Disaster Survivors in Cameroon Since 1986

Author: Aloysius Nyuymengka Ngalim, Vitalis Song Yamsa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 219-236

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 07-May-2025

Abstract: This study investigates the integration of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) within Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) contexts, addressing the critical intersection of language teaching and technical skills development. Using a qualitative case study methodology at Arrass College of Technology in Saudi Arabia, the research examines how ESP pedagogies can be systematically embedded in technical curricula to enhance both linguistic competence and workplace readiness. Data collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis reveal that effective ESP integration requires a genre-based approach that addresses authentic workplace communication needs while supporting technical content acquisition. The findings demonstrate that task-based language teaching methodologies, when aligned with industry-specific communication requirements, significantly improve students’ technical vocabulary acquisition, genre knowledge, and communicative confidence. The study identifies key implementation challenges, including limited teacher preparation for specialized language instruction and institutional barriers to curriculum integration. A sustainable ESP-TVET model is proposed, drawing on sociocultural theories of language learning and needs analysis frameworks, which positions language as central rather than peripheral to technical education. This model emphasizes collaborative teaching approaches, authentic assessment practices, and ongoing alignment with evolving workplace communication demands. The findings contribute to ESP pedagogy by providing evidence-based strategies for language teaching in vocational contexts and offer practical implications for ESP practitioners, TVET administrators, and language teacher educators working in technical education settings.

Keywords: English for Specific Purposes (ESP), Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), genre-based pedagogy, workplace communication, content and language integrated learning.

Title: Integrating English for Specific Purposes in Technical and Vocational Education: A Sustainable Model for Industry-Education Alignment

Author: Dr. Abdullah Mohammad A. Alhomidan

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 201-218

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Published Date: 05-May-2025

Abstract: This paper critically examines the profound impact of historical events both tragic and triumphant on the evolution of English literature. It explores how wars, social and economic crises, and pandemics have shaped themes of disillusionment, resistance, and existential inquiry, leading to major shifts in literary styles such as realism, modernism, and post colonialism. In contrast, the study also highlights how positive events like liberations, national celebrations, and the establishment of literary awards have fostered literary expressions of hope, freedom, and innovation. Through the works of authors such as Wilfred Owen, Maya Angelou, John Steinbeck, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and Hilary Mantel, this paper demonstrates that English literature continuously adapts to reflect society's darkest struggles and brightest achievements, making it an enduring and dynamic mirror of human experience.

Keywords: English literature, economic crises, pandemics, liberations, national celebrations, human experience.

Title: The Influence of Historical Events on English Literature: Shaping Themes and Styles through Conflict, Crisis, and Celebration

Author: Inst. Yahya Jubarah

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 195-200

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 02-May-2025

Abstract: The examination of project performance indicators has indicated that the project management team at KEMSA has faced significant challenges in achieving milestones, adhering to timelines, and effectively managing risks. A lack of expertise has led to a deterioration in KEMSA's reputation, financial health, and operational effectiveness. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effect of organizational structure on the implementation of Kenya medical supplies authority projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya. A descriptive research design was utilized. Data were collected from 86 participants in the study from 109 KEMSA employees, health officials and service providers in Nairobi County. The primary method of collecting data was questionnaires. The objective of this study was to determine how organizational structure impacts the effectiveness of the organization. As part of the research, four different projects involving 5-10 percent of the participant population were piloted to ensure the questionnaire items were valid. A variety of theoretical perspectives, including resource-based view theory, institutional theory, contingency theory, and structural empowerment theory, were considered in the analysis. This study utilized a descriptive research design, and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, presented in tables, graphs, charts, and figures. Multiple regression analysis was used in this study to examine the relationship between the variables. According to the findings, KEMSA implemented projects more efficiently and effectively when it had a strong organizational structure that had positively and significantly influenced project implementation. According to the study, a well-defined structure facilitates clear communication channels, which ensures efficient information flow. It is recommended that roles and responsibilities be clearly defined within the organization in order to encourage accountability and effective decision-making.

Keywords: Organizational Structure, Project implementation.

Title: EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF KENYA MEDICAL SUPPLIES AUTHORITY PROJECTS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Peterson Mutegi, Dr. Morrisson Mutuku

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 188-194

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 02-May-2025

Abstract: This article deals with Jewish-Muslim relationship under Islamic rule from the point of views and perspectives of Jewish studies and documents. There are clearly differences in viewpoints in these studies, with sometimes wide gaps between their positions. In his studies, David Wasserstein, for instance, describes that relation as good and "Golden Age" between Muslims and Jews. While others admit that the “Golden Age" of relations in Andalusia and other countries was just a myth. Some Jewish historians and scholars dealt in their studies relying on Jewish archival writings, compared with Arab and Islamic sources to get their conclusions of Muslim-Jewish relationship. While others are influenced by orientalist views of modern ideologies and opinions. Therefore, this study aims to examine the reasons for these contradictions in the positions of Jewish researchers regarding these relationships.

Keywords: Muslim-Jewish relations, Jews, Islamic Rule, Jewish Perspectives.

Title: Relations with Jews under Islamic Rule from Jewish Perspectives

Author: Hatim M. Mahamid

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 159-174

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 25-April-2025

Abstract: The movement of refugees and population displacement has been a crisis that has affected the Great Lake region of East Africa, including Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. The region has seen wars, starvation and violence resulting in a number of individuals moving away from their countries of origin. The case has led to the call for protection by both the domestic nation and the international body to make them live peacefully. This study, therefore, looks at legal causes of refugee migrations of Great Lakes Region countries and suggest measures on how to share the responsibilities amongst the regions. The study recommends need to review existing refugee protection policies. Refugee protection is a major problem in the Great Lakes Region. The protection of human rights is critical and there is need for the protection and respect for human rights in refugee camps in the Great Lakes Region. There is therefore, need to introduce new measures in order to curb the problems facing refugee protection. The new measures must also address the security situation in the host countries. All existing policies and legislation on the refugee protection in the Great Lakes Region must be reformed so as to establish an efficient refugee protection system in the region.

Keywords: Great Lakes region of East Africa, Refugee Migrations.

Title: THE LEGAL CAUSES OF REFUGEE MIGRATIONS

Author: Kombo Benard Simion, Wisdom Dube, Julius Kombo Ayusa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 147-158

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 24-April-2025

Abstract: Office ethics and professionalism reflect honesty, fortitude, responsibility and moral conduct in a system or organization. It is the capacity to act independently and uphold productive work practices. Like other organizations, the polytechnic system in Nigeria has its own ethical norms to guide employees in their duties. Nigerian higher education institutions like the Polytechnics have their core values that guide the conduct of their staff and students. Ethics therefore refers to the principles that guide us to make a positive impact through our decisions and actions. While office ethics refer to a set of codes, values and rules that help to determine right choices and behaviours in the office setting, professionalism means conducting oneself with responsibility, integrity, accountability and excellence. It thus means that office ethics and professionalism help an organization to achieve a common goal which is the elevation of the organization’s image and reputation. The study, which is based on content analysis, is an attempt to establish a nexus between office ethics and professionalism in the polytechnic system and argues that if we are to guarantee good image and reputation for the Polytechnic system in Nigeria, there is the need for staff to be ethical and professional in the conduct of their day-to-day duties and shun unethical practices at all costs. The paper recommends among others the need for staff to strictly uphold ethical standards and professionalism in the discharge of their daily duties. This, however, can be achieved, if management is willing and ready to support the staff with the needed tools and resources to discharge their duties.

Keywords: Ethics, Behaviour, Office, Professionalism, Workplace.

Title: Office Ethics and Professionalism in the Nigerian Polytechnic System

Author: Augustine Eguavuon Ainabor

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 140-146

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 23-April-2025

Abstract: This paper explores the evolution of urban legends in English literature from the Victorian era to the modern digital age. It defines the concept of urban legends and traces their presence and transformation in literary works. From folklore-inspired Victorian ghost stories to contemporary internet-born myths, urban legends have continually mirrored society's fears, beliefs, and technological advancements. The analysis includes early instances in Shakespearean drama, the Gothic horror boom of the 19th century, and the viral legends of today. References to literary scholars and folklore experts are included to support the discussion.

Keywords: urban legends, English literature, Victorian era, literary works.

Title: Urban Legends in English Literature: The Development from the Victorian Era to Modern Times

Author: Inst. Yahya Jubarah

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 137-139

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 23-April-2025

Abstract: Social media has revolutionized informal English learning by providing a flexible and engaging space. Various social media platforms, including YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, and TikTok, contribute to closing the educational gaps with their authenticity and real-life applications. Learners can get access to multimedia resources, collaborate, and interact with native speakers from around the world. Social media integration enhances listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, as well as increasing cultural awareness and motivation.

Social media appeals to different learning styles, making it accessible to all levels of proficiency. Its features, like videos and live streams, allow for real-time practice or self-paced learning, thus supporting independent language acquisition. Moreover, the informal setting reduces the pressure compared to a traditional classroom, which encourages experimentation and participation.

Social media in language learning presents challenges. Distractions, content quality, and safety concerns may slow progress. The lack of structure may lead to inconsistent results. Privacy issues and the digital divide further emphasize its limitations, especially in areas with under-resourced settings.

This paper will explore how social media impacts language acquisition through sociocultural and constructivist theories, noting first the opportunities and then the barriers. It also provides some insights for learners and educators on integrating social media into informal English learning. It finally highlights the need to harness technology while tackling its challenges for an equitable learning experience.

Keywords: Social media, informal English learning, YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, writing skills.

Title: Social Media as a Tool for Informal English Language Learning: Opportunities and Challenges

Author: Ms. Manal Hassan Ibrahim, Ms. Badour Nasser Al-Muqaisib

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 127-136

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 17-April-2025

Abstract: The guitar industry is undergoing significant change due to the pervasive influence of digital transformation, affecting everything from product development and marketing to customer engagement and distribution. This paper evaluates how leading and emerging guitar brands are adapting their product positioning and differentiation strategies in this evolving landscape. The study focuses on the interplay between traditional craftsmanship and digital innovation, including the use of e-commerce, virtual tryouts, AI-driven personalization, and online community building. It examines how brands maintain authenticity while embracing digital tools, as well as how they differentiate themselves in a saturated market. Case studies of key players such as Fender, Gibson, and newer entrants like Lava Music highlight diverse strategic approaches. The research draws on both qualitative interviews and secondary data to analyze the effectiveness of these strategies in fostering customer loyalty, brand recognition, and competitive advantage. The paper concludes with insights into best practices and recommendations for guitar companies seeking to refine their positioning in a digitally driven market while remaining true to the cultural and emotional heritage of guitar playing.

Keywords: Product Positioning, Differentiation Strategy, Guitar Industry, Digital Transformation, Brand Strategy.

Title: Evaluating Product Positioning and Differentiation Strategies in the Guitar Industry amidst Digital Transformation

Author: Zhou Linlin, Nova C. Baldo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 122-126

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Published Date: 16-April-2025

Abstract: This research investigates the Performance Measurement System in the private sector of Kuwait, aiming to explore its current practices, effectiveness, and challenges. Given the growing importance of efficient performance measurement for organizational success, this study examines how Kuwaiti private organizations measure, evaluate, and manage their performance across different industries. This study used a systematic review method to synthesize quantitative and qualitative studies found in the Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases. The included studies covered topics related to performance measurement systems up to December 2024. The findings reveal that while many organizations have implemented PMS, the systems in place often rely heavily on traditional financial metrics and lack integration with broader strategic goals. Moreover, the study identifies a significant gap in using advanced performance measurement tools and techniques, such as balanced scorecards and data-driven decision-making. Organizational culture plays a crucial role in shaping the success of PMS, with organizations that foster a culture of transparency and collaboration showing more effective performance measurement practices. The study concludes by offering recommendations for improving the PMS in Kuwaiti private sector organizations, including aligning performance measures with strategic objectives, adopting advanced measurement tools, and creating a feedback loop for continuous improvement. This research provides valuable insights into the current state of PMS in the Kuwait private sector and offers a foundation for further exploration into how performance measurement can contribute to organizational success and competitiveness.

Keywords: Performance Measurement System, Organizational Strategy, Balanced Scorecard, Kuwait Private Sector.

Title: Performance Measurement System in Kuwait Private Sector

Author: Mohammad Zaid AlOtaibi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2025 - June 2025

Page No: 114-121

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 14-April-2025