Vol 13 Issue 3 July 2025-September 2025

Abstract: The relationship between tax revenue and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a critical aspect of fiscal policy and economic development in Kenya. This study examines the impact of GDP growth and unusual economic circumstances on total tax revenue over the period from 1980 to 2020. The research adopts a quantitative approach and utilizes secondary data from various government publications and international organizations. The results reveal that GDP growth has a positive and significant effect on total tax revenue, with an elasticity of 51.9%. This indicates that an increase in GDP generally leads to a proportional increase in tax revenue. However, some unusual economic circumstances negatively affect tax revenue. Booms and peaceful elections were found to have a significant impact, reducing total tax revenue by 5.87% and 3.52%, respectively. The study's significance lies in providing valuable insights for policymakers, tax authorities, and researchers in Kenya. To manage the impact of unusual economic circumstances on total tax revenue, the government should focus on policy options that enhance the economy's resilience and flexibility through managing the unusual economic occurrences. The study recommends that policymakers carefully consider the effects of booms and peaceful elections on tax revenue and design appropriate strategies to maintain buoyancy between GDP and total tax revenue. Overall, this study contributes to the existing literature on tax revenue, GDP, and economic shocks in Kenya. The findings can inform evidence-based policymaking and promote a stable and sustainable revenue base for the country's economic growth and development.

Keywords: Total Tax Revenue, GDP, Unusual Economic Circumstances.

Title: Tax Revenue, GDP and unusual circumstances: The case of Kenya

Author: Emmah Nyaboke Machogu

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 24-32

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 05-July-2025

Abstract: Academic achievement remains a critical issue in Botswana, with persistent disparities in performance across districts. Bobirwa District, in particular, has consistently recorded lower pass rates in national examinations. This study investigates the relationship between school climate and academic achievement among Form Two students in Bobirwa District. Guided by the Systems View of School Climate Theory, a correlational research design was employed. The study targeted 1,811 Form Two students from 11 secondary schools, with a stratified random sample of 365 students participating. Data were collected using the School Climate Measure (SCM) and end-of-term academic performance records. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a significant but weak positive relationship between school climate and academic achievement, r (352) = .21, p < .001. The findings highlight the role of a supportive school climate in fostering academic success, underscoring the need for school-wide interventions aimed at improving relational, instructional, and environmental factors within educational institutions.

Keywords: school climate, academic achievement, secondary education, student perceptions.

Title: School climate as a correlate of academic achievement among form two students in Bobirwa District, Botswana

Author: Leslie Inambao, David Kariuki, Jotham Dinga

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 15-23

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 04-July-2025

Abstract: This research investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to municipal solid waste (MSW) management among waste handlers in two sectors of Kigali, Rwanda—Gisozi and Kinyinya. The study addresses a significant gap in literature concerning MSW handlers in Rwanda, particularly in the context of increasing global waste due to urbanization, industrialization, and changing lifestyles.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 120 waste handlers, with a representative sample of 92 selected using a modified Cochran formula. Data collection methods included structured questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, and observational techniques. The analysis was carried out using SPSS version 26, with Pearson’s chi-squared test applied to explore relationships between variables at a significance level of p<0.05.

Findings indicate that 77.17% of the waste handlers have general knowledge about MSW management, and 50% are familiar with various disposal methods. However, 79.35% are unable to distinguish hazardous from non-hazardous waste. Despite this, a significant majority demonstrate positive attitudes: 79.35% are willing to follow safety protocols, and 81.10% recognize their social responsibility in proper waste disposal.

In terms of practices, 79.35% wear personal protective equipment (PPE) occasionally, while 10.87% wear it rarely, and 5.43% do not wear it at all. Waste disposal methods are primarily unsegregated: 75% of handlers deliver mixed waste to the Nduba dumping site, 6.52% resort to burning, and 3.26% dispose of waste in the environment.

The study identifies education level, age, and work experience as key factors influencing knowledge, attitudes, and practices. It recommends implementing regular training and awareness programs to enhance MSW handlers’ understanding and adoption of environmentally and socially responsible waste management practices.

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitudes, Waste Management, Waste Handlers.

Title: ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG WASTE HANDLERS CASE STUDY OF KIGALI CITY, RWANDA

Author: Salima KUBOTA, Alphonse Habineza

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 6-14

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 02-July-2025

Abstract: Fatherhood in Kenya stands at a critical crossroads - deeply rooted in cultural identity, yet increasingly shaped by modern realities. This article delves into the evolving role of Kenyan fathers through three key lenses: traditional African norms, biblical and religious teachings, and contemporary legal frameworks. Traditionally, the father has been the pillar of lineage, family stability, and moral authority. Religious perspectives elevate his role further - as a guide, protector, and spiritual leader. However, modern legal systems now demand more than cultural or moral leadership; they require accountability, equality, and the recognition of every child's rights, regardless of the family setting. As Kenya undergoes rapid societal transformation, fathers face real-life dilemmas around legitimacy, infidelity, and the pressure to meet both traditional expectations and legal obligations. This study draws on both real and symbolic experiences to expose the emotional, ethical, and legal tensions surrounding modern fatherhood. It also offers practical recommendations to help fathers, families, and communities adapt to this complex new reality - where being a father is not just a role, but a responsibility shared in truth, trust, and transparency.

Keywords: Fatherhood in Kenya, Cultural norms, Legitimacy, Parental responsibility, Child rights, Family dynamics.

Title: The Fatherhood Dilemma in Kenya: Navigating Tradition, Rights, and Modern Identity

Author: Charles Ndambuki Muli, Agnes Makau, Justice Ndambuki

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 1-5

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 01-July-2025