Vol 5 Issue 4 October 2017-December 2017

Abstract: Heathcliff is a fictional character in Emily Brontë's novel Wuthering Heights. Owing to the novel's enduring fame and popularity, he is often regarded as an archetype of the tortured romantic hero whose all-consuming passions destroy both him and those around him.His complicated, mesmerizing, consumable, and altogether bizarre nature makes him a rare character, with components of both the hero and villain. Thus, this paper attempts to delineate the ''ThePortrayalofHeathcliff'sCharacter in “Wuthering Heights". The significance of this paper lieson the ThePortrayalofHeathcliff'sCharacter .The study follows the Descriptive Analytical Method. It begins by an introduction forming a background to the study; followed by a summary of the plot, a literature review, a discussion and a conclusion. The findings of this paper revealed that, both Heathcliff and Edgar eventually die of broken hearts, unable to reconcile themselves to Catherine's death. As if to bring the story full circle, Brontë presents us finally with the possibility of true love and happiness within a relationship that between the two cousins, Cathy and Hareton "one loving and desiring to esteem, and the other loving and desiring to be esteemed." There is no grand passion here, but no violence, either. The novel is a stark warning against the former, and, in Hareton and Cathy's reasoned and gentle love, it promotes the latter as the only sane way to live. In this way, the study recommend that, Wuthering Heights can be seen to be not so much a "love story" but, rather, an investigation into romantic love, comprising a discourse on social conventions, blind passion, violence, jealousy, and revenge, together with the notion of good versus evil.

Keywords: Heathcliff, Romantic Love, religious hypocrisy, morality, social classes and gender inequality.

Title: The Portrayal of Heathcliff's Character in "Wuthering Heights"

Author: Amal Mustafa Fadlelseed Al Balola, Dr. AbdulMahmoud Idrees Ibrahim

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story on the surface, but it’s most commonly understood as a pessimistic critique of the American Dream. In many respects, the American Dream has been deeply rooted in the concept of a journey-the journey to a new country, the journey across generations, and of course, the journey within one's life. It is about motion and progress, it is about optimism, and it is about finding success and fulfillment along the way. The American Dream is the belief that anyone, regardless of race, class, gender, or nationality, can be successful in America. if they just work hard enough. The American Dream thus presents a pretty rosy view of American society that ignores problems like systemic racism and misogyny, xenophobia, and income inequality. It also presumes a myth of class equality, when the reality is America has a pretty well-developed class hierarchy. Hence , the study aimed at investigating the American Dream Corruption in The Great Gatsby . The descriptive analytical method was used to carry out the study. The study sample consisted of the novel The Great Gatsby. The results of the main findings are: The Great Gatsby shows the tide turning east, as hordes flock to New York City seeking stock market fortunes. The Great Gatsby portrays this shift as a symbol of the American Dream's corruption. It's no longer a vision of building a life; it's just about getting rich. According to the above findings, the study recommends the followings: to investigate how Gatsby symbolizes both the corrupted Dream and the original uncorrupted Dream and how Gatsby's corrupt dream of wealth is motivated by an incorruptible love for Daisy. The study suggests that, Gatsby's failure does not prove the folly of the American Dream rather it proves the folly of short-cutting that dream by allowing corruption and materialism to prevail over hard work, integrity, and real love. And the dream of love that remains at Gatsby's core condemns nearly every other character in the novel, all of whom are empty beyond just their lust for money.

Keywords: American Dream and Corruption.

Title: The American Dream Corruption in Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby

Author: Ibrahim Adam Said Daier, Dr. AbdulMahmoud Idrees Ibrahim

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research   

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study focuses on the Social Class and LoveinMiller’s Death of a salesman. The purpose is to demonstrate that Social Class and Status in Miller’s Death of a salesman , Miller, suggests that his notion of Social Class and Status in Miller’s Death of a salesman can be regarded as tragedy . This study examines this by first observing how Willy´s notion of Social Class and Lovein Miller’s Death of a salesman is represented in the novel, then look at how his understanding of it can be viewed from community construction standpoints. The method conducted on this paper is an analytical descriptive method for collecting data. The results detected in my examination reflects that there is a connection between Social Class and LoveinMiller’s Death of a salesman. it displays It expresses all those feelings of a society falling to pieces which we have, feelings that, to him, are one of the reasons for the novel’s continuing popularity and reveals his lack of empathy, manipulation and exploitation of others as well as his need of superiority and fear of inferiority. The conclusion is that, Death of a Salesman, really, is a love story between a man and his son and in a crazy way between both of them and America. Future for Willy is rosy and full of hope. The study suggests that, Death of a Salesman is a story of a man who sacrifices himself to an idea, the false promise of a golden future, therefore, another study has to be conducted to prove that, the epitome of a society built on social performance and wedded to the idea of a transforming future.

Keywords: Social Class and Love.

Title: The Social Class and Love in Miller’s Death of A Salesman

Author: Ibrahim Adam Said Daier, Dr. AbdulMahmoud Idrees Ibrahim

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Mariama Ba’s So Long a Letter Published in 1980, recounts the stories of two women and their husbands, lifelong friends living in Senegal during the post-colonial period of national reformulation. The novella is written in the form of a lengthy epistle from one woman, Ramatoulaye, to her beloved friend Aissatou. Ramatoulaye, the book’s speaker, has just experienced the death of her husband, Modou, and as a devout Muslim woman, she is central to the ceremonies performed for her husband’s burial. Like Ramatoulaye, Aissatou also is without her husband, Mawdo Ba, having divorced the man after his taking of a second wife. This paper dealt with the Patriarchy Through the Eyes of Mariama Bâ inSo Long a Letter . Society remains a central aspect for discussion as people form society and society is people. This paper aimed at discussing the feminism, the role of woman, masculinity, divorce, , motherhood and widowhood. Thus, revitalization brings nuanced and novel approaches in the analysis of So Long a Letter. The significance of this paper lieson the importance of the family integration and dividing the roles among the family within the novelso long a letter. The method conducted on this paper is an analytical descriptive method for collecting data. The findings of this paper revealed that, the necessity of conducting many studied on the African families to detect the tradition and customs towards the family mechanism under the umbrella of patriarchy in so long a letter. This study recommends that Feminism as a socio-political movement, should be geared towards the recognition of the potentials of women as human beings. It should emphasis that women be given equal opportunities with their male counterpart in various areas of human activity and de-emphasize the issue of achieving equality with men, because from creation time down to the message in the holy Bible and the Koran, women are made to be under men and submissive to men. The paper suggest conducting in the internal bonds of the family in the Africa Muslim community.

Keywords: Patriarchy, Feminism, Divorce, Motherhood, Widowhood and religion and Culture.

Title: Patriarchy Through the Eye of Mariama Bâ in So Long a Letter

Author: Amal Mustafa Fadlelseed Al Balola, Dr. AbdulMahmoud Idrees Ibrahim

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research   

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: African-Americans are often perceived as a homogeneous or cohesive body within the social and racial spectrum in the United States. They are often lampooned together when issues of race, segregation, civil rights, and affirmative action are mentioned as if Negroes or blacks were affected by the above issues in the same manner or degree. This paper argues that African-Americans have always been divided and fragmented. Their cultural history has been marred by disputes caused by intra as well as inter-racial differences. Ideological, class, and attitude factors seem to take African-American divisions beyond the usual din of black-white antagonism. The markers of Negro or black racial identity and its attendant factors are every conceivable hue- and matters of ideology and attitude as much as pigmentation. The Harlem Renaissance and its “New Negro” project divided more than it united the black literati in the 1920s and 1930s. It can be seen as the seedbed for later inter-racial contestations in Negro or black literature and culture in general.

Keywords: Overcivilization, Collective/individual identity, Eternal child/feminine, Feminization, Fragmentation,  Harlem Renaissance, Inter/Intra-racial, Gender, Manliness, Masculinity, Neurasthenia, The New Negro.

Title: “Capitalizing on White Crazes for Things Black”: The Racial and Gender Politics of the New Negro Movement

Author: Borni Lafi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the monitoring and evaluation factors influencing success of child based projects: A case of the Nest Home Project in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study employed a descriptive design research (case study approach) and the target population was the three branches of the Nest project in Kiambu County. To sample; Probability sampling was used hence Stratified sampling technique was used and primary data was collected through the use of questionnaires and interview guide. A pilot study was conducted to pre-test the validity and reliability of instruments for data collection. The supervisor’s opinion was obtained to ensure content validity of the research instrument. Data collected was analysed by descriptive statistics. Data was interpreted based on the identified independent and dependent variable. Finally data was presented in tables, graphical presentation.

Keywords: Monitoring, Evaluation, Success, Child based Projects.

Title: Influence of Monitoring and Evaluation Plan on the Success Child Based Projects: A Case of Nest Home Kiambu County in Kenya

Author: Jackline Moraa Ombasa, Dr. Jane Omwenga

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The study investigated the influence of the political landscape at the county level in the implementation of both the national and county legislations on locally produced brew. The advent of devolution has been pointed as one of the top barriers to the actualization of regulations on local brew. There has been massive legislation and government spending in the reduction of production, supply, distribution, and consumption of local brew in Kenya. However, the government responses have motivated residents to produce local brew ardently especially after the adoption of devolution in Kenya back in 2010. This study will be significant to the planners and policy makers both at the non-governmental, national and county levels in their effort to control the continued indulgence in the consumption of local brew in Kenya as a whole. The data used for the study was collected from 44 national administrators and 26 police officers from the seven police stations within Teso South sub-county. Two different questionnaires were used to collect unrestricted opinions from the respondents. Collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 for windows and presented using frequency tables, graphs, and pie charts. The study findings show that county governance priorities conflict with the national efforts to curb local brew. Paradoxically, while national bodies such as the National Agency for the Campaign Against Drug Abuse (NACADA) are committed to the crusade against the excessive consumption of both commercial and local brew, the county government is exploring all avenues to gain revenues and political mileage. For counties, political existence dictates which laws to be adopted and backed up. The study highlighted that the devolution of the alcohol control roles weakened the Alcohol Control Act of 2010 since political will required for holistic prohibition of local brew at the county level is dismal. The study also tinted lack of effective county structures to implement the policies and negative influence from county politicians who also own some bars. The study found significant evidence to recommend that more investment on the socioeconomic aspects of life that precipitate the production and heavy drinking of local brew is imperative. The study also recommended that alcohol regulation roles need to be reverted back to the national government since the county is more political and every legislation is implemented depending on its political utility. Current intervention efforts should zero in on regulation as opposed to the prohibition efforts which are mostly counterproductive.

Keywords: Busaa, Chang’aa, legislation, local brew policy, policy implementation, prohibition, political will.

Title: Devolved Governance versus Prohibition: The Role of Political Will in the Implementation of Legislation on Local Brew within Teso Sub-County, Kenya

Author: Levis Omusugu Amuya, Edward Oendo Onantwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The role of soft power is to obtain a state wants in a global arena utilizing its values and examples. The government of the UAE aims to propose and implement strategic national and regional initiatives reinforcing the standing of the United Arab Emirates and its leadership through partnerships with media. Soft power is the ability to shape the preferences of others through appeal and attraction. Recently, the term has also been used in changing and influencing a social and public opinion through different channels and lobbying through powerful political and non-political organizations. The following paper aims to explore the new trends of soft power and how the UAE could best utilize its media resources in international relations context.

Keywords: Soft power, UAE, International relations, cultural diplomacy, new strategies.

Title: The UAE Soft Power in the International Relations Context

Author: Ahmed M.J. Al Suwaidi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This research work examines effects of animations on learning of physics education. The effects of animations on the learning of students was tested through a lecture designed and delivered to randomly selected students (N=60) on topic “Uniform circular motion” by adopting the animation methodology (Sample-1) and a lecture on the same topic delivered to students through traditional methodology N=60 (sample-2) and then similar test from the topic was taken from students of (sample-1) who were taught Physics through animation methodology and (sample-2) students who were taught Physics through traditional methodology. Then results of those samples were analyzed through independent sample t- test. The mean value of test results of student of (sample-1) that were taught through animation is 8.8167and students of (sample-2) who were taught without animation is 5.9667. These mean values show the positive effect of animation on learning of physics.

Keywords: Physics, Animation, Learning, Education.

Title: Use of Animations to Improve Learning of Physics Education

Author: Abdul Rehman, Sana Shoukat, Arabella Bhutto

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon characterized by lack of basic needs necessary for a human being to live in society without shame and having voice in the community. Though the government of Rwanda has been implement short term program to reduce poverty, Poverty is still a challenge.  In Northern Province of Rwanda, Gicumbi district is the most vulnerable.

The purpose of this study was to assess the micro economic factors on poverty in Rwanda, The results was based on cross tabulation, multiple linear regression model and multinomial logistic model where targets population was 86075 households of Gicumbi district to whom a sample of 398 households was selected then semi structured questionnaires was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from the field, data were entered in SPSS and then data analysis was done by using STATA, It is hoped that the findings had help the government of Rwanda to understand all dimensions of poverty and it possible causes in order to draw new development policies.

The results show that poverty level is strongly associated with educational level, type of employment, dependency ratio, household size, age of household head, type of residence, and number of livestock. House holdings and age of household head are found to be uncorrelated with poverty.

Keywords: Poverty, Demographic factors, Social economic factors.

Title: Micro Economic Factors on Poverty in Rwanda: A Case Study of Gicumbi District

Author: Uwamahoro Didas, Dr. Jaya Shukla

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Behavioural Economics studies the psychological aspects of human behaviour which governs the demand and supply of the commodities in the market. The traditional school of thought completely ignored the possibility of human bias and preference. Prof. Richard H Thaler, explains the same in his “Nudge Theory”, whereby he talks about the econs or the agents, the primary policy makers and the role they play in macro-economic theory. This article aims at explaining aspects Nudge Theory as propounded by Prof. Richard H Thaler. This article takes into consideration his perspective and explains that every individual at all times does not put forth their best rational behaviour when it comes to making individual choices. They are always subjected to limited rationality, bound by consciousness, suffer from lack of self-control and are driven by social preferences.

Keywords: Nudge Theory, Thaler, Behavioural Economics, buying behaviour.

Title: The Nudge Theory and Choice Architects

Author: Professor Mandira Dutta

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of project leadership on Effective implementation of Public Health Construction projects in Nyamira County in Kenya.  The study used descriptive research design and the focus was on the 46 Public Health Construction projects within the 133 public Health facilities in Nyamira County. The unit of observation was Project managers, assistant project managers and the project supervisors of the 46 Public Health Construction Projects and the unit of analysis were the 46 public health construction projects in Nyamira County. The study adopted a census survey design with the respect of the unit of analysis which was the 46 Public Health Construction Projects in Nyamira County. A census was conducted since only 46 projects were studied and a census is applicable when the entire population is small.  Data was collected through the use of semi structured questionnaires which were administered to the project manager’s, assistant project managers and project supervisors who oversaw the activities of the 46 Public health Construction Projects. A pilot study was conducted to pretest the validity and reliability of data collection instruments.  After data, had be collected it was prepared in readiness for analysis by editing, handling blank responses, coding, categorizing and keying into statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) computer software for analysis.  SPSS software version 21.0 was used to produce frequencies, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to derive conclusions and generalizations regarding the population. A multiple regression model was used to show the relationship between the independent variables to the dependent variable. Data was presented using pie charts and tables to make it reader friendly. The study found that project leadership had a positive and significant effect on the effective implementation of Public Health Construction projects in Nyamira County. The study recommends that best tools for monitoring projects be identified, the monitoring process should also be improved from the current annual case and more so the reports are prepared after every monitoring and evaluation process. The project leaders and project teams should be competent and funds delays should be minimized at all costs to enhance effective implementation of Public Health Construction Projects.

Keywords: Project, Leadership, Public Health.

Title: EFFECT OF PROJECT LEADERSHIP ON EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN NYAMIRA COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Osebe Samuel Osebe, Dr. Jane Queen Omwenga

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Since the mid-1960s, the issue of "ethnic identification" had been debated among scholars, in particular between Raul Naroll (1964) and Micheal Moerman (1965), that "culture-bearing units," such as language and cultural practice, are not appropriated for identifying the distinction between ethnic groups. “Is language such a critical element of demarcation for ethnic identification?” “Why does language is so important for identifying and maintaining the Hmong ethnic identity in your field sites?”

Language is one of the most significant markers of ethnicity, rather than being an inevitable 'culture-bearing-unit' for ethnic identification. In other words, language alone cannot be the demarcating unit for ethnic identification, not even with some of the other factors which Naroll (1964) introduces. The ideal way to demarcate ethnic identification and delimit ethnic boundaries is with those crucial culture-bearing-units and the ethnic people themselves, but the demarcation of ethnic units (or ethnic identification) is complex and nowadays it is quite political. I will discuss this point of view further and will introduce Hansen’s comparative analysis (1999) on the ethnic groups of the Naxi and Tai cases in the southwest China as pieces of evidence for this discussion. This case is especially applicable because one of the compared ethnic groups is of the Tai tribe. Thai Lue originated from the examined region of southwest China, and the tribe is a focus of the debate between Naroll and Moerman about the 'culture-bearing-unit;' whether language and six other culture-bearing-units can be demarcating units for ethnic identification or not. Especially, a mother tongue for an ethnic group is the most influential principle and element for ethnic identification because it entails shared histories and as cultural repository containing emotions, not just phonological or other linguistic traits. One of the most important roles of language is delivering information from a person to a person, and generation to generation. But mother tongue has another important function that is transmitting ethnic identity to the next generations. In this sense, mother tongue is the core element of delimitation of ethnic identification even though it is not the only and absolute element for the process.

Through this study, we will find that while culture-bearing-units are crucial ethnic demarcating units, the ideal type of the ethnic demarcation is by the ethnic people themselves rather than by scholars and outsiders. As we scrutinize the dynamics and process of ethnic identification and demarcation, we will find how complex and political the process is. And based on this discussion, we will practically study language and ethnic identity related issues in the Hmong villages in Chiang Rai, Thailand. And furthermore, we will address script-related issues and power relations between the state policy and the community, as well as the Hmong villages’ negotiations on language and education while they cope with hidden oppression and conflict on mother tongue-based multilingual education.

Keywords: ethnic identification, mother tongue-based multilingual education.

Title: Ethnic Identity and Language: Can Languages Be “Culture Bearing Units” for Ethnic Identification? Through the Study of the Northern Thailand’s Hmong Case

Author: Ju-Hong Yun

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: In Poland, the principle of freedom of economic activity applies. Legal bases for limiting conduction of economic activity establish the possibility of limiting the constitutional principle of freedom of economic activity because of an important public interest, including the protection of values highly appreciated. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland indicates that values highly appreciated are: security of a state, public order, protection of the natural environment, protection of health or public morals and protection of freedoms and rights of other persons. The primary source of limitation of freedom of economic activity contained in Constitution is the prerequisite of an important public interest. This is a very capacious concept, containing the need to protect different values.

The second pillar of the socio-economic system in Poland is the principle of equal treatment and non-discrimination. It can be inferred from the constitutional principles that there is a duty to conduct economy activity on the basis of fair competition and respect for good customs and legitimate consumer interests. However, it should be noted that there is a possibility of derogations from the equal treatment order of similar entities. There are legal regulations that impose the choice of the legal form of organization of economic activity for the purpose of carrying out specific tasks which are public tasks. The application of transparent rules of entrusting public tasks without favoring any entities favors the competitiveness and the innovativeness of entrepreneurs.

Keywords: Economic activity; Freedom; Equal treatment, Limitations of the economic activity; Public interest; Values highly appreciated; The Constitution of the Republic of Poland.

Title: Constitutionally Justified Limitations of Freedom of the Economic Activity: The Case of Poland

Author: Anna Brzezińska-Rawa, Dorota Sylwestrzak

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The study aims to explore the customs and traditions existing in the formation of the moral values development of the students. This seeks to identify the different factors and challenges affecting the students’ moral values development and their academic performance. The study is a qualitative research using phenome-nological approach that focuses on the lived experiences of the individuals who experienced the phenomena. Data will be collected through triangulation like: semi-structured interview, observation and document analysis. Moral values development model is formulated to address the issue. The Collaizzi method will be used in analyzing the data.

Keywords: customs, traditions, factors, challenges, moral values, academic performance.

Title: Customs and Traditions: An Emergent Model on Students’ Moral Values Development

Author: Eugenia M. Solon, Marsha Malbas

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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