Vol 6 Issue 4 October 2018-December 2018

Abstract: In leadership field, a large number of researches demonstrated that different leadership styles negatively or positively predicts different variables in organizational behavior field. In accordance with this reality, the aim of this study is to discover the relationship between perceived transformational leadership behaviors and work engagement. For exploring this relationship, an empirical research was conducted with teachers of Libyan schools in Turkey. In the context of the research, perceived transformational leadership behavior was measured by “Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X)” of Bass and Avolio (1995). On the other side, work engagement was measured by “Work Engagement Scale” of Schaufeli and Bakker (2003). Due to the findings of reliability and validity analyses, reliability and validity of these scales were proven once again in this research. In order to determine the relationship between variables of the research, correlation analysis was used. On the basis of the findings, it can be seen that there is a positive and significant relationship between perceived transformational leadership behaviors and work engagement of teachers. Moreover, this relationship was examined in detail in terms of different aspects of dimensions of transformational leadership behaviors and work engagement.

Keywords: Perceived Transformational Leadership Behaviors, Work Engagement, Libyan Schools in Turkey.

Title: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS AND WORK ENGAGEMENT AT LIBYAN SCHOOLS IN TURKEY

Author: Saleem A. M. MUSTAFA, Assc. Prof. Aysun KANBUR

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Many corporate organizations offer employee welfare services such as employee economic support in different forms as a way of either motivating their employees or improving their productivity. However, little information is known about such services by all the stakeholders in NGOs. The primary purpose of this study was to focus on the relationship between employee  economic support and performance in non-governmental organizations in Kenya. The specific objective of the study were:  explore the  relationship of employee economic support  on performance in  NGOs in Kenya. The study is likely to aid the NGOs management boards, policy makers in government, human resource professionals and scholars and researchers in policy formulation for employee welfare practices in order to improve performance in NGOs in Kenya. The study  employed both correlational and descriptive survey designs. The fundamental model shaping this study was the linear regression model. The target population of the study was 14,283 employees in NGOs in Kenya. The sample size of the study was 372 respondents comprising junior management at 242, middle management at 97 and top management staffs at 33 chosen by simple random stratified sampling technique. Primary data was collected using both questionnaires and interviews. The data was analysed using the Statistical packages for social sciences (version 23). The main findings of the study indicated that employee   economic support influenced performance of NGOs in Kenya. The study also found that 37.2% of performance in NGOs in Kenya was explained by the variable under study. Finally, the study also contributed to theory and knowledge for humanity. However, the study found that the most significant factor influencing performance of the NGOs in Kenya was employee social support with P- Value at 0.439, followed by employee economic support with P- Value at 0.372, recreation facilities with P- Value at 0.358 and lastly employee counselling with P- Value at 0.208. The study had limitations, that is, the respondents were not consistent and the sample size of the study was limited in scope. The study concluded that employee economic support had a significant positive relationship with performance of NGOs in Kenya and recommended that a policy on other  employee  economic support such as subsidized loans from banks, mortgages and other financial facilities for employee personal development  be considered and adopted by NGO management boards. This is likely to motivate employees to work better and with determination to enhance performance of NGOs in Kenya.

Keywords: Employee Economic support and performance.

Title: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE ECONOMIC SUPPORT AND PERFOMANCE OF NGOs IN KENYA

Author: Protus Atsali Lumiti, Dr. Susan Wekesa, Dr. Mary Omondi, Prof. George Otieno Orwa, Dr. Michael Mboya Muma, Prof. Robert Mabele, Dr. Alex Ochumbo, Muo Charles

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: An organization's employees are its greatest asset. As such, it is essential for employers to recognize the potential impact of employee social support on performance. Employee social support services are often offered in addition to mandatory benefit programs. These services typically address all areas of a worker's life, which might impact the ability to focus and perform on the job.The main goal of this study  was to focus on the relationship between employee  social support and performance in non-governmental organizations in Kenya. The specific objective of the study was: to understand the relationship of employee social support on performance in NGOs in Kenya. The study is likely to aid the NGOs management boards, policy makers in government, human resource professionals and scholars and researchers in policy formulation for employee social support in order to improve performance in NGOs in Kenya. The study  employed both correlational and descriptive survey designs. The fundamental model shaping this study was the linear regression model. The target population of the study was 14,283 employees in NGOs in Kenya. The sample size of the study was 372 respondents comprising junior management at 242, middle management at 97 and top management staffs at 33 chosen by simple random stratified sampling technique. Primary data was collected using both questionnaires and interviews. The data was analysed using the Statistical packages for social sciences (version 23). The main findings of the study indicated that employee social support  influenced performance in NGOs in Kenya. The study also found that 43.9% of performance in NGOs in Kenya was explained by this variable. Finally, the study also contributed to theory and knowledge for humanity. The study also found that the most significant factor influencing performance of the NGOs in Kenya was employee social support with P- Value at 0.439, followed by employee economic support with P- Value at 0.372, recreation facilities with P- Value at 0.358 and lastly employee counselling with P- Value at 0.208. The study had limitations, that is, the respondents were not consistent and the sample size of the study was limited in scope. The study concluded that employee social support had a significant positive relationship with performance of NGOs in Kenya. The study recommended to the NGO management boards in Kenya to come up with a comprehensive and revised employee social support draft policy document that would enhance employee social support in the NGOs in Kenya. Further, the study also recommended that NGOs in Kenya should organize regular outings and retreats for their employees and also to organize events. The study also recommended that NGOs in Kenya should enhance contributions for bereavement, weddings, anniversaries and other avenues of social support that can motivate employees to give their best to the organization and enhance performance.

Keywords: Employee Social Support and Performance.

Title: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PERFOMANCE OF NGOs IN KENYA

Author: Protus Atsali Lumiti, Dr. Susan Wekesa, Dr. Mary Omondi, Prof. George Otieno Orwa, Dr. Michael Mboya Muma, Prof.Robert  Mabele, Dr. Alex Ochumbo, Muo Charles

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study used the partial least square (PLS) and structural equation modeling (SEM) tool to examine factors influencing the process innovation as the competitive advantage in organization. Statistical results confirm that coordination of expertise, communication plan,  IT infrastructure flexible and IT infrastructure reach impact on process innovation in software project in the Malaysian public sector. Besides indicating the suitability of the PLS in statistical analysis, the result has also contributed to a better understanding the process innovation in an organization. Findings are useful for IT Managers and practitioners to achieve its competitive advantage through a well-planned organizational capability.

Keywords: Organizational capability, coordination of expertise, communication plan, IT infrastructure flexible; IT infrastructure reach; use of standard method and process innovation.

Title: Organizational Capability and Process Innovation of Software Project in the Malaysian Public Sector

Author: Rozaida Mohd Darus, Mahanum Daim

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The rate of solid waste generation has increased to a devastating and uncontrollable rate in Nigeria as a result of human daily and economic activities. Although, the issue of indiscriminate solid waste disposal is a global one. Modernization, high standard of living, increase in population, technological innovation and excessive urbanization over the years has drastically contributed to the generation of municipal waste, through industrial and domestic activities. Due to inadequate waste disposal method, dumping of refuse in an unauthorized places is now the order of the day in the country, both in local and national level and penalties that are placed on defaulters are not been effectively carried out. Environment close to dump sites are exposed to significant and rapid environmental degradation mostly in municipal areas in Nigeria which brings about adverse effect on the general sustainability of urban life, poor agricultural yield, widespread of germs and diseases, extinction of aquatic bodies due to water toxicity and acidification. {1}(Ezerie et al,2017)

Apart from the fact that human health is at great risk, life becomes unbearable to dwellers in such environments. The rate of human vulnerability depends on how close the household settlements are to the open areas unlawfully made as dumping sites. When solid wastes are indiscriminately disposed it results to climate change, photochemical reactions, abiotic depletion{1} (Ezerie at al, 2017), and extreme weather events like global warming produced by the breakdown of greenhouse gases generated from chemical and radioactive wastes. There are water contamination and water bodies blockage, soil and air pollution, communicable and non-communicable diseases in most areas of the country.

This paper discusses on the harmful effects of indiscriminate disposal of solid waste on human and its environment in Nigeria and also review the possible waste management method and regulations that must guide against this act.

Keywords: solid waste, indiscriminate, environmental degradation, human health, disposal, environment, waste management.

Title: HARMFUL EFFECTS AND MANAGEMENT OF INDISCRIMINATE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ON HUMAN AND ITS ENVIRONMENT IN NIGERIA: (A REVIEW)

Author: Ogunniran Blessing Ifeoluwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: No doubt, speaking skills can approve evidence that ensure the learner mastering the language or not, as well as teacher succeeds in his\her role as facilitator, conductor, and a teacher who is a real reference that can  act an ideal model by presenting  his\her target language simply, phrasal, and clearly to be understood and speaks sentence without hesitation to affect and train his\her students and enable them acquiring maximum speaking skills from target language used by teachers on everyday school days. Otherwise, families do significance part that helps much to pool families and teachers efforts for education and learning students, so when families try hard to expand the students exposure by revising, correcting , and reinforcement the given language that students have already got. The result can be seen as excellent teaching that is complementary excellent learning leads to successful speakers in target language, then they can be native-like in the future. One of the most important tasks of the teacher is to give learners enough exposure as examples of language in different contexts, and from different speakers. As competent speaker of the language, the teachers themselves can provide useful examples of  language, and can also use natural input from CDs, videos, websites and books, and put in consideration some societies have illiterate parents, of course, the responsibility of teachers demanded and appreciated.

Keywords: mastering language, exposure, outside activities.

Title: The Importance of Exposure to Enhance the Students' Speaking Skills performance

Author: Amir Birair Alfadil Mansour

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The study focuses on the assessment of the impacts of recurrent droughts on agricultural and pastoral communities in Baligubadle and Gabiley Districts of Marodiheh Region, Somaliland.  Many parts of this country with limited water availability pose serious challenges to development. In the year 2008 it estimated that 150,000 pastoralists in the coastal areas were affected. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative approach. The quantitative data gathered was analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative data was analysed using content analysis, themes, explanations, descriptions and photography. The sample size used was 384 and this was drawn from target population of 14560 respondents based on Solvents formula for sample selection. The findings showed that impact of drought is reflected in a failed harvest of crops and Livestock production. The frequent droughts severely affected them leading to experience food insecurity, limited water for both human and animal consumptions. The highest proportion of the study attributes the causes of the recurrent drought to Natural factor endowment (rainfall scarcity), while others associate it to factors like deforestation, soil erosion. Possible drought tolerance mechanisms  were based on variables like relevancy of services, actual service delivered, quality, and quantity.Inconclusion,the objectives of the study were attained, respondents were able to point drought directly by identifying its impacts and effects on livestock and crops in individuals, household and community levels.  The study recommends that agricultural extension and veterinary service delivery should receive massive investment and a renewed commitment and vision to generate a fundamental change in the lives of the poor livestock and crop farmers. Most important fall, afforestation, reforestation, agro-forestation and refrain from environmental degradation through forest cover clearance and charcoal burning must be a priority. It also recommends the above areas to be further studied by NERAD and relevant ministries.       

Keywords: impact assessment, drought recurrent, agricultural, pastoral communities, Somaliland.

Title: Impact Assessment of Recurrent Droughts on Agricultural and Pastoral Communities in Somaliland

Author: ABDIRAHMAN OSMAN GAAS

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The present study was conducted in purposively selected district of U.P. State, Ambedkar Nagar in order to know the effect of entrepreneurial activities promoted by Government. Result revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to lower middle age group, married, belonged to SC/ST caste, were self employed, nuclear family, farming was family occupation, were members of Self Help Group, living in mixed houses and belonged to low socio-economic status. SHGs & self employment programmes are playing key role across the rural economy, the activities promoted through self employment programmes were dairy, goat rearing, poultry, tailoring and beauty parlor, bee-keeping, floriculture, readymade garments shops, pottery, bamboo handicrafts, furniture making and vegetable cultivation etc. Among these promoted activities few were discontinued due to lack of technical guidance. In this investigation, an effort was made to identify problems and constraints faced by women entrepreneurs in running their enterprises, so that a clear picture of the major impediments in smooth functioning of the enterprise could emerge and strategies to overcome these problems could be framed. Production and marketing related problems, technical problems, personal and family problems were found major hurdles faced by women entrepreneurs. Majority of the respondents had faced fatigue & debility (75.0%), heavy workload (65.0%) and lack of cooperation from family (45.0%) as personal and family constraints. More than half of the respondents (57.0%) faced lack of technical guidance. Lack of transport facilities and high fluctuation in demand of the products (82.0% and 79.0% respectively) were marketing related problems.

Keywords: women entrepreneurs, problems, self help group.

Title: Constraints of women in carrying out entrepreneurial activities

Author: Reeta Devi Yadav, Manju Gupta

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The Indian sub continent as we know is habituated by a multitude of indigenous races ranging from the Himalayas to the coastal plains and each has their own distinct attributes. In this crucible of cultures the Indigenous Lepcha tribe of the Sikkim and Darjeeling hills is an attractive proposition. The dress of any culture defines its refinement down the ages and in this study we shall try to get of a glimpse of this unique culture through its dress. The attire of the Lepchas is as unique as the tribe and a fair reflection into the ingenuity and resilience that this tribe has possessed to tide over the onslaught of time. The present study tried to study the socio-cultural belief of the Lepchas of Pedong, West Bengal. The methodologies included interview method.

Keywords: Lepcha, Indigenous, Tribe, Religion, Pedong.

Title: The Socio-Cultural Belief of the Lepchas of Pedong, West Bengal, India

Author: Abhishikta Ghosh Roy, Shreya Mukherjee, Banita Behera

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study aims to identify the role and effect of cultural factors on the process of translating literary works, and to show difficulties which face translators in translation of literary terms, so that cultures have differences according to religions and beliefs. Also, it helps translators to know the impact and importance of Culture on Literary Translation to improve their performance in literary translation through paying more attention to the differences of literary terms in cultures so that, translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions. As this statement implies, translators are permanently faced with the problem of how to treat the cultural aspects implicit in a source text (ST) and of finding the most appropriate technique of successfully conveying these aspects in the target language (TL). These problems may vary in the scope depending on the cultural and linguistic gap between the two or more languages concerned. Language and culture may thus be seen as being closely related and both aspects must be considered for translation. The translator is the first one who must comprehend, read and interpret the source text then to render it in a different medium. The purposes of the translator are to transfer the information but also to create an equivalent form of art. The translator is supposed to pay much attention to the language arts. To transfer the information is not the only purpose of literary works translation; to create an equivalent form of art is also an important part of task of the translator.

Keywords: Culture, Context, Literary works.

Title: Cultural Factors Influencing the Process of Translating Literary Works

Author: Dr. Muayad Muhammed Ali Awadalbari

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Past research done on employee welfare indicates that, employee welfare practices give employees a higher satisfaction with their jobs, high commitment towards the organization, high motivation to serve the public and strong intentions to work for the organization willingly and devotedly. This study focuses on the relationship between employee welfare practices and performance in non-governmental organizations in Kenya. The specific objective of the study was: to assess the relationship between  recreational facilities at the work place  on performance in  NGOs in Kenya. The study is likely to aid the NGOs management boards, policy makers in government, human resource professionals and scholars and researchers in policy formulation for policy on recreational facilities at work place in order to improve performance in NGOs in Kenya. The study  employed both correlational and descriptive survey designs. The fundamental model shaping this study was the linear regression model. The target population of the study was 14,283 employees in NGOs in Kenya. The sample size of the study was 372 respondents comprising junior management at 242, middle management at 97 and top management staffs at 33 chosen by simple random stratified sampling technique. Primary data was collected using both questionnaires and interviews. The data was analysed using the Statistical packages for social sciences (version 23). The main findings of the study indicated that recreational facilities at the work place influenced performance in NGOs in Kenya. The study also found that 81% of performance in NGOs in Kenya was explained by the independent variables of the study namely:  employee economic support, employee counselling services and social support. Finally, the study also contributed to theory and knowledge for humanity. However, the study found that the most significant factor influencing performance in NGOs in Kenya was employee social support with P- Value at 0.439, followed by employee economic support with P- Value at 0.372, recreation facilities with P- Value at 0.358 and lastly employee counselling with P- Value at 0.208. The study had limitations, that is, the respondents were not consistent and the sample size of the study was limited in scope. The study concluded that recreational facilities at the work place had a significant positive relationship with performance in NGOs in Kenya and recommended a policy on recreational facilities at work place such as increased play areas, be gender sensitive in designing the facilities and also encourage optimum utilization of the facilities. The provision of facilities would assist in making employees work with drive; enhance positive work attitude and employee development. It further brought employees together and made them healthy and happy. This would ultimately lead to employee productivity, keeps them physically and mentally fit which in turn helped them in their personal development and hence improved performance.

Keywords: Recreational facilities at the work place and performance.

Title: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RECREATIONAL FACILITIES AT WORKPLACE AND PERFOMANCE IN NGOs IN KENYA

Author: Protus Atsali Lumiti, Dr. Susan Wekesa, Dr. Mary Omondi, Prof. George Otieno Orwa, Dr. Michael Mboya Muma, Prof.Robert Mabele, Dr.Alex Ochumbo, Muo Charles

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study attempts to penetrate the mindset of the American hymnist, Fanny Crosby, who composed over 9000 hymns, many of which have been performed worldwide. The methodology includes a poetic analysis of the hymn, “Whither, Pilgrims, Are You Going?” Previous studies had not examined her works through the combined prisms of poetry, philosophy, theology, thanatology and metaphysics. This investigation assumes the premise that Crosby was not just a prolific and popular hymn writer as often portrayed, but she was more than that. The study uses the lyrics of the hymn as primary data and supplements them with secondary sources such as references and published works. A textual analysis of the hymn is conducted with the literary model propounded by Tom Ryan to determine whether Crosby could be considered a poet or just a hymnist. The investigation demonstrates that she was not just a hymnist and a poet, but also a philosopher, a theologian, a thanotologist and a metaphysician. Thus, Crosby can be likened to great names like Milton, Darwin, Plato, Socrates, Marx and Freud.

Keywords: Religious communication, Poetic interpretation, Poetry, Hymn, Whither pilgrims, Allegory, Fanny Crosby.

Title: PSYCHO-RELIGIOUS COMMUNICATION: A POETIC INTERPRETATION OF THE HYMN, “WHITHER, PILGRIMS, ARE YOU GOING?” BY FANNY CROSBY (1820-1915)

Author: TIKUM MBAH AZONGA

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study aimed to determine the status of LSPU’s Worksite Wellness Program and Its Impact on Employees’ Health Status. It also attempted to evaluate the effect of worksite wellness program to the employees of LSPU. Descriptive method using simple statistical measures were used. Results of the study showed that wellness programs are important interventions to protect and promote employee’s health. It helps reduce direct and indirect health care costs, absenteeism, and avoid illness or injury. Likewise, improve the quality of work life and morale. This tool introduces key concepts and strategic tips for planning workplace-based wellness programs rather than individual health promotion events, while highlighting organizational change and development theories central to introduce and implement effective proactive worksite wellness programs. Simple statistical measures such as frequency counts, percentages and mean were used. Majority of LSPU-SCC employees preferred dance exercise in particular Sumba followed with the use of fitness exercising equipment. Among the best practices which were given a remark of “Strongly Agree” are as follows: the program establishes all inclusive approach to total health, flexible scheduling, effective communication, and existence of health professionals. Overall observation by LSPU employees suggest that wellness program has a positive effect on their health.

Keywords: worksite wellness programs, benefits, best practices, participation.

Title: LSPU’s Worksite Wellness Program and Its Effect on the Employees’ Health Status

Author: Violeta P. Rana, Mary Grace M. Reyes, PhD, Harold V. Origines, Ed.D

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Taxation is one of the leading avenues of revenue collection by governments all over the world. Therefore, this study sought to establish the influence of administrative capacity on revenue collection in Nyeri County, Kenya.  The study was anchored on optimal theory of taxation. Descriptive and correlation research designs were used in the study. The target population for the study included employees in the revenue department in the county government of Nyeri. A sample of 78 respondents was drawn using random sampling technique from a population of 350 employees. A questionnaire constructed on a five point likert scale was used for data collection. The instrument was pilot tested to check on the suitability and the clarity of questions on the instrument designed. Data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings were presented in form of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics presented in tables accompanied by relevant discussion. The study established that administrative capacity had a positive correlation with revenue collection in Nyeri County, Kenya. Administrative capacity has a crucial role in determining revenue collection in Nyeri County. Analysis of Variance indicated that administrative capacity has a significant influence on revenue collection in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study concluded that administrative capacity has a significant influence on revenue collection. The study recommended that the county government should enhance the revenue administrative capacity in order to enhance revenue collection.

Keywords: Administrative Capacity, Nyeri County, Revenue Collection, Revenue Management, Revenue Mobilization.

Title: EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY ON REVENUE COLLECTION IN NYERI COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Fraciah Nyambura Githua, Solomon Ngahu

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between the triple concept of media, democracy and development in terms of how they relate to each other within the African context generally, and specifically to Cameroon. The paper studies them individually and then as an entity and looks at the impact they create on each other and on society at large. The research methods employed include mainly secondary sources and observation. The findings of the investigation reveal that although different, the three phenomena are interdependent and indispensable in the construction of a society and Civil society that satisfactorily address the aspirations of the people. Based on the foregone, it is recommended that stakeholders put all hands on deck for the desired results to be achieved. The state must above all, provide an enabling environment for success to come about.

Keywords: Media, democracy, development, multi-party politics, Cameroon, Africa, governance, poverty.

Title: MEDIA, DEMOCRACY AND DEVELOPMENT IN CAMEROON: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL

Author: TIKUM MBAH AZONGA, FUNGE DIFFANG

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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