Vol 7 Issue 4 October 2019-December 2019

Abstract: Social media and Social Networks are an important part of modern journalism that their roles in globalized world and 21st century cannot be understated. Facebook is one of the most widely used and popular social networks in many countries. According to surveys India, United State of America and Indonesia are the three countries which have the most Facebook users.

In Afghanistan among those people who access to internet 95 percent have a Facebook account. Insecurity, corruption, instable governance, poverty, lack of initial life facilities are the key problems in Afghanistan people’s life. After Taliban collapsed in 2001 the new western backed government tried to solve the mentioned problem as possible but many of them is still as has been before.

Social Networks user especially Facebook users in Afghanistan are one of the biggest critics of government. Corruption, historic root problems like racism (ethnic Nationalism) and over mentioned challenges are the points which Facebook users always try to highlight the weakness of government for solving these problems. This controller role has its superiorities and deficiencies. For instance, Afghanistan is a multi-ethnic country and competing for role of state is an historic problem between ethnic groups, during elections the Facebook user are divided into ethnic groups and it weakens the power of central government and also break down the national trend.

In other hand the social media and especially Facebook has played valuable roles in counter corruption, civil advocating, women rights and empowerment, freedom of expression and many more. This mean is that, positive consequences of social Networks are much more considerable than negative one, which is amendable by making regulations and using frameworks.

Keywords: Internet Access, Social Networks, Facebook Superiorities and Deficiencies in Afghanistan, Self-Experience.

Title: Facebook: Self-experiences, Superiorities and Deficiencies in Afghanistan

Author: Qurban Hussain Pamirzad

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The concept of quick service and fast food sector is rapidly growing across the boundaries. Further, this sector has witnessed a considerable growth in last decade. Now it has become a trend for eating out due to various factors such as advancement of technology, working women culture, working in shifts and eating out saves time (Goyal & Singh, 2007).  India is also started following the concept of fast food or quick service restaurants. A report presented by National Restaurant Association of India (NRAI, 2016), showed that food service sector is expected to contribute 2.1% to total GDP with 10 percent Combined Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) by 2021. The present study focuses on the various factors or reason which facilitate the growth of fast food or quick service outlets in India.

Keywords: Fast food sector, Quick service restaurants, Menu Diversification, Urbanization, Lifestyle.

Title: Factors Facilitating the Growth of Fast Food Sector in India: An Exploratory Study

Author: Mr. Ajay Ratewal

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: England is one of the countries with a long and ancient history with literature, which is called English literature. The history of English literature returns to more than 5 centuries ago, through which the writers, poets and intellectuals in England have built their nation. This research aims to identify the different aspects of English literature in Modern Age according to the classification of different scientists, and the most important literary figures that represented English society aspects in their poems, novels or plays. It also reviewed some of the most dominant influences on writers, poets, and authors of that era such as: industrial era, World War I and World War II. The most famous books, poems, novels or plays were also listed in an attempt to summarize the most important features of this period starting from the early 19th century till now.

Keywords: English literature – Modern age.

Title: English literature in Modern Age

Author: Abdulaziz Hashem Al-Tahiri

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Water usage across the globe is growing at an unprecedented rate which is more than twice the growth rate of Human population. Hence, making conservation of water a necessity for survival. Despite the wide availability of water; its cost, requirement and supply over developed, developing and under-developed nations differs. Seeing the potential and urgent requirement of developing sustainable solutions for the global water crisis, we’ve tried to integrate this concern with Operations Research. Using various methods of OR like IWMF, LPP and Simplex, we’ve tried to find ways that ensure efficient storage capacities, optimal allocation, increasing irrigation efficiency, cost of development of new facilities, etc.

Keywords: Water Crisis, Operations Research, Linear Programming, IWMF, optimal allocation.

Title: GLOBAL WATER CRISIS: AN OPERATIONS RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE

Author: SIDDHIKA AGRAWAL, SOHIL JAIN, SOMYA DENGRE, TANISH VYAS, TATHAGATA BAYA

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This article describes Nehru’s role in Foreign Policy towards Africa. Nehru was the main architect behind the basic principles of India’s Foreign Policy in the post 1947 era till his death. The international developments after the Second World War have shaped India’s Foreign Policy to a great extent. After the World War II all over world the imperialism was weakening and democracy type of governance was becoming famous and spreading. Many countries in Asia, Europe, and Africa started condemning capitalist system and advocating socialist system. Colonialism collapsed in many countries because of the boom in freedom movement and increase in resentment against imperial powers. After independence Nehru became the virtual director of India’s Foreign Policy. Under his guidance India emerged as the first country to chase and successfully implement the new ‘Non-Alignment Policy’ in the world history. This article draws attention to how Indian National Congress and Nehru guided African states after 1947 to bring the rule of the natives.

Keywords: Foreign Policy towards Africa, India’s Foreign Policy, how Indian National Congress.

Title: Non-Aligned Movement of India in Nehru Years

Author: Chitra Gadgil

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The British government in Africa decided to build the railway from Kenya to Uganda to connect the interior parts. For this they needed a labour force on a large scale. The slavery, the system for obtaining cheap labour, was banished. Therefore British employed Indians on a contract basis to build the railway line. They were called ‘indentured labours’. As the process started labourers faced many difficulties. This article describes how the Indians adjusted in the difficult situations while construction of Kenya-Uganda railway was going on. After the completion railway was useful to African society in many ways. The article explains the important role Indian indentured labours played in constructing the railway and later what changes the railway brought in the African society.

Keywords: railway, labour force, large scale, African society.

Title: Contribution of Indians in Kenya-Uganda Railway

Author: Chitra Gadgil

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: East Coast Fever (Theileriosis) is a tick-borne disease that causes significant dairy herd capital assets loss to smallholder dairy farmers particularly in areas outside Compulsory Cattle Cleansing demarcated areas. Record of exotic dairy cattle mortality in in Kisumu County livestock production office indicated that smallholder dairy farmers lost up to 70% exotic dairy cattle to East Coast Fever (ECF) during the implementation of Livestock Development Program (LDP). This was confirmed by this study conducted among 168 smallholder dairy farmers keeping 1-5 dairy cattle on 1-4 acres land in this areas in Kisumu County which is outside compulsory cattle cleansing area. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive Statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Chi-square (χ²) applied on recorded ECF cases, the outcome of mitigation processes applied against ECF, effects of ECF on farmers’ Dairy Herds capital assets using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study indicated that dairy farmers incurred losses in both exotic dairy herds’ capital to ECF and some of the ECF endemic stable indigenous breeds to Tick Borne Diseases (TBDs) due to poor application of disease mitigation measures. During the analysis of this study, two factors significantly contributed to the dairy farmer losses: Late introduction of dairy farming to smallholder farmers in this study area outside formerly compulsory tick control; dairy farmers in this study area did not get early exposure of dairy farming like the dairy farming communities in area the white settlers introduced dairy farming as early as 1954. The other factor was breakdown of community dips following enactment of Livestock Structural Adjustment Program (SAP’s) that exclusively transferred ticks control responsibility from the government provided services by veterinary department to dairy farmers in all part of Kenya

Keywords: East Coast Fever, Smallholder Dairy Farmers, Cattle Cleansing Policy, exotic breed, endemic stable indigenous breed, Tick Borne Diseases, dairy herd capital assets, exotic and crossbred dairy breed.

Title: East Coast Fever Effect on Smallholder Dairy Farmers’ Dairy Herds’ Capital Assets in Kisumu East Sub-county, Kenya

Author: Kakuku M.. C., Munyua, C. N.  Kinuthia L. N.

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: A form of learning, using electronic means, primarily the internet is E-learning. E-learning covers a wide set of applications and processes, such as Web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual classrooms, and digital collaboration. The teacher’s role in online learning is mainly that of a facilitator. There is less direct teacher-to- student interaction than normally found in the classroom. E-learning is largely self-motivated, and the student bears more individual responsibility to manage time and complete tasks within the given time frame. However, some students learn less effectively through this method and do not have the required self-discipline to learn via the internet. Although e-learning provides a number of advantages like personalization, interoperability and reusability, flexibility for users, significant disadvantages also exist for students. The teacher in an online course plays an integral role in the success or failure of the same. Majority of the students feel comfortable in the traditional classroom where they can interact face to face with the teacher. The effectiveness of e-learning also fluctuates based on an individual’s learning style and behavior type. Moreover, their learning styles may differ and they may not be able to comprehend the given information without further explanation from a teacher. Not all students are self- motivated and self-determined to handle online courses Therefore, as suggested by this research conducted on 1^st year students of general degree colleges of North 24 Parganas, E-learning may not be able to replace the traditional classroom completely it can be used as supplement to it.

Keywords: E-learning, traditional classroom, replacement, supplement.

Title: E-Learning: A Replacement or Supplement to the Traditional Classroom?

Author: Dr. Piyali Ghosh, Dr.Amrita Dutta

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Among the major upheld Electronic Government strategies that enhance service delivery is the Electronic Services. This study therefore sought to assess the influence of E-Services on public service delivery among state agencies in Kenya. The study sought to analyze the moderating effect of strategy execution on the relationship between E-Services and public service delivery by state agencies in Kenya. The study was informed by New Public Management (NPM), and the Unified Theory of Acceptance. The study adopted a descriptive research design to collect data from the target population comprising of 4230 employees within the management cadre at 132 specific government state agencies incorporated entities outside the mainstream civil service established for purposes of public service delivery in Kenya; 62 Executive Agencies, 25 Independent Regulatory Bodies as well as 45 Research Institutions, Public Universities and Tertiary Education Institutions. Convenient sampling technique was used by the study to sample the respondents within the 132 specific government state agencies. Yamane formula was applied to calculate the sample size of 365 employees and self-developed questionnaires were used to collect data from the sample. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that implementation of E-Services as one of the E-Government strategies had a significant and positive influence on public service delivery of state agencies in Kenya. It was also established that strategy execution had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between E-Services and public service delivery by the state agencies in Kenya. The study concluded that through adoption of E-Services, efficiency in government agencies is enhanced thus enabling better service delivery. It was recommended that the state agencies through their management ought to embrace E-Services while upholding strategy execution as a way of promoting public service delivery.  

Keywords: Electronic Services, E-Government Strategies, Strategy Execution, Public Service Delivery, State Agencies.

Title: INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC SERVICES ON THE PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY BY STATE AGENCIES IN KENYA

Author: Kenneth Goga Riany, Dr. Susan Were, Dr. Allan Njogu Kihara

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Community based development projects accelerate development initiatives at the grassroots level. Such projects address immediate needs of the community in such areas as education, health, environmental conservation and provision of safe water. Because of their close association with the communities, organizations implementing community based development projects should have a sustained involvement of the communities and key stakeholders not only during planning but also through the implementation and monitoring stages of these projects. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the influence of stakeholder management practices on quality of project monitoring for community based projects in Lamu. The study analyzed stakeholder influence, stakeholder strategies and stakeholder dynamics for explanation on quality of monitoring for community based development projects. The target population comprised of staff from organizations implementing community based projects in Lamu, officers representing government agencies relevant to community development as well as beneficiaries of the projects from which a sample of 95 respondents was drawn and questionnaires administered to them. Secondary data was collected from journals, books, conference proceedings, institutions’ databases, published and unpublished theses and anlysed using content analysis method.  Findings from the study show strong correlation for stakeholder influence, stakeholder strategies, stakeholder cooperation and stakeholder dynamics with project monitoring. The findings revealed that that all the independent variables combined could influence up to 69.1% of change in the model of project monitoring quality of community development based projects in Lamu. Correlation at 0.05 level of significance further showed strong correlation with the dependent variable with stakeholder dynamics (r= - 0.508), stakeholder strategies (r = 0.488), stakeholder cooperation (r=0.207) and stakeholder influence (r = -.485).  Regression analyses further revealed a significant linear relationship with β coefficients relating the independent variables with the dependent variables with stakeholder strategies (β₁=612), stakeholder cooperation (β =0.275) showing a positive relationship while stakeholder influence (β =-0.795) and stakeholder dynamics (β=-0.357) showed a significant negative relationship with quality of project monitoring.

Keywords: stakeholder influence, stakeholder strategies, cooperation, stakeholder dynamics.

Title: STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY OF PROJECT MONITORING FOR COMMUNITY BASED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN KENYA

Author: Joshua Nzoka Makau, Dr. Muchelule Yusuf Wanjala

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Project management is one of strategic competency that enables entities to link project outcomes to it particular objective. Nowadays stakeholders of the rural water project has embarked on a series of projects as part of the sustainable community development hence the primary objective of this study was to determine the influence of project management practices on performance outcomes in rural water projects development in Kenya. The study was guided by four research objectives namely: to determine the influence of project planning process on performance outcomes; to examine the influence of project execution process on performance outcomes; to investigate the influence of monitoring and controlling of projects on performance outcomes; and to establish the influence of project communication processes on performance outcomes in rural water projects development in Kenya. The research employed descriptive survey design. The study targeted 550 household heads within the Matete Sub-County according to Kenya National Bureau of Statistics 2009 census report. Simple random sampling was used to obtain 226 household heads and 22 water users committee representing 22 water sources among the 23 sources deemed to have been constructed within the last 20 years for the administration of questionnaires and interviews respectively. The data from the field were edited for accuracy, completeness, consistency and analyzed using descriptive statistical tools (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences V.17.0 and Excel). From the findings, 67 % of the respondents indicated that project planning influenced project outcome to a very great extent; 44% of the respondents agreed that project execution influenced project outcome to a very great extent; 75 % of the respondents recommended changes to the project monitoring and control procedures to positively influence project outcome. Also, it was established that 55% of the project outcome was influenced by project management processes. The study concluded that there was a significant relationship between project management processes and project outcome. The findings led to the conclusion that execution had the least influence on the project outcome. It was also concluded that the project closure process had the greatest influence on project outcome. The regression model indicated that the project communication process had the largest magnitude.The study recommended that: effective project planning activities to be applied to projects; emphasis be given to implementation activities that will ensure plans are effectively executed in order to fully meet set objectives; introduction of effective monitoring tools; training of staff on use of monitoring tools; use of effective communication; and improved reporting and documentation. Finally, the study recommended that project outcome should be evaluated from the local acceptance and satisfaction perspective

Keywords: project planning, project execution, project monitoring and evaluation and Project communication.

Title: INFLUENCE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES IN RURAL WATER PROJECTS DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA

Author: Nabangi Tiberius Wangila, Dr. Yussuf Mucheule

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Most previous studies on self-sacrificial leadership and volunteerism were focused on its impact on group performance thereby neglecting the antecedents of these pro-social behaviors. Hence, a research on the antecedents of self-sacrificial leadership and volunteerism appears enriching to literature. This research examined the psycho-demographic determinants of self-sacrificial leadership and volunteerism among Nigerian youths. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 320 youth corps members in Ibadan using an accidental sampling technique, (males = 120, females = 200) with a mean age of 24.43 years. The results showed that there was no significant gender difference in self-sacrificial leadership [t (318) =0.87, p>.05] and volunteerism [t (318) =0.23, p>.05]. The results further showed that self-determination and belief in just world were significant joint and independent predictors of self-sacrificial leadership [R²=.067, f (2, 320) =11.29, p<.05] and volunteerism [R²=.043, f (2, 320) =7.19, p<.05]. The results also showed that previous and current leadership positions occupied by youth corps members jointly predicted self-sacrificial leadership [R² =.075, f (2, 320) =12.94, p<.05] and volunteerism [R² =.022, f (2, 320) =3.51, p<.05] respectively. Hence, recommendations that fosters leadership participation and volunteerism among youths were highlighted.  

Keywords: Gender, Self-determination, Belief In Just World, Self-Sacrificial Leadership & Volunteerism.

Title: Psycho-Demographic Determinants of Self-Sacrificial Leadership and Volunteerism among Youths in Nigeria

Author: Ogueji A. Ifeanyichukwu, Prof. Bola I. Udegbe

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study undertook an investigation into administrative factors hindering citizen participation in development planning process in Wajir East Constituency, Wajir County, Kenya. The study was guided by four specific objectives: To determine the influence of community mobilization on citizen participation in Wajir East Constituency; establish the influence of human resources on citizen participation in Wajir East Constituency; assess the influence of financial resources on citizen participation in Wajir East Constituency; determine the effect of material resources on citizen participation in development planning in Wajir East Constituency. The study was based on Arnstein’s ladder of participation, Participatory Rural Approaches, and Democratic theories. A descriptive research design is adopted for this study. The target population for this study was 377 and the sample size was determined as 191 respondents. However, the actual sample size was 117 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the categorical data (frequencies, percentages) and interval data (mean, standard deviation). Inferential statistics were used to measure the association between variables (Pearson’s correlation) and direction of relationship between variables (regression analysis). The findings revealed that mass media had the greatest association with citizen participation; facilitation costs had the greatest association with citizen participation followed by budget allocation among the financial resources sub-variables;   correlation analysis indicated that public official skills, perceptions, and leadership all had positive and significant associations with citizen participation; and  no significant association were found between material resources sub-variables and citizen participation. The study concludes the use of social media and barazas as a means of mobilizing the community was a challenge towards citizen participation in development planning in Wajir East Constituency. The study recommends that Barazas should be used to mobilize the community for citizen participation; that public participation officers should be trained on communication, listening, and planning skills to effectively and efficiently organize citizen participation; that the county government should allocate financial resources to provide material resources for citizen participation. The county administration should evaluate the current allocation of facilitation costs to ensure that funds earmarked for citizen participation facilitation are used for this purpose only.

Keywords: Administrative Factors, Citizen Participation, Development Planning Process, Wajir East Constituency.

Title: ADMINISTRATIVE FACTORS HINDERING CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS IN WAJIR EAST CONSTITUENCY, WAJIR COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Mohamed Mohamud Ali, Prof. Maurice M. Sakwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstracts: The study was conducted to examine demographic variables and statistical anxiety among post graduate students in universities in South East Nigeria Three research questions and hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study utilized the descriptive survey design with a population of 29, 875 year three students in four universities in south East, Nigeria (2 Federal and 2 State Universities). The sample comprised 1,793 year three students representing 2% of the population of year three students in the chosen universities in South-East Nigeria as obtained from the field study 2017. The instrument for data collection was an adapted instrument titled “Statistics Anxiety Assessment Questionnaire” (SAAQ) developed by Donncha, Mark and Martin (2001) which comprised of two sections A and B. Section-A comprises demographic data e.g. gender, age and academic discipline. Section B, was a 30 items scale on statistics anxiety on the following dimensions worth of statistics, fear of asking for help, computation self-concept anxiety and overall statistical anxiety. Respondent were required to indicate their level of agreement/disagreement under various responses (Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD)). The  validity of the instrument was established by experts in Measurement and Evaluation and Educational Psychology and the reliability of the research instrument was established with Cronbach Alpha reliability analysis and the index ranged from 0.77 to 0.97. The stated research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation, while the stated hypotheses were tested using independent t-test and One-way ANOVA at .05 alpha level. The findings revealed that there is a significant influence of gender on statistics anxiety, there was no significant influence of age on statistical anxiety. Also, academic discipline has a significant influence on statistical anxiety. It was recommended among others that

Keywords: Demographic, Variables, Statistical Anxiety, Postgraduate Students, Universities, South-East.

Title: DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AND STATISTICAL ANXIETY AMONG POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTH EAST NIGERIA

Author: Eyong Emmanuel Ikpi, Professor Sofeme R. Jebson, Asikong, Eval Etta.

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Esanland (Otoesan) constitutes the land and people located in the Edo Central Senatorial District, in Edo State, in the Southwestern Nigeria. In the process of their evolution, they experienced different categories of conflicts internally and externally, covering socio-political, economic, and religious aspects of society. The reality of conflicts and the imperative of peace thus compelled the people to devise various social conflict resolution mechanisms in order to foster cooperation in the land. This paper examines the context of internal conflict resolution in Esan during pre-colonial era. Traditionally, conflict resolution refers to measures attempting to resolve the underlying incompatibilities of a conflict, including the attempt to get the parties to mutually accept each other’s’ existence. This study underscores these practices of Esan people before the advent of colonial masters. The paper deemphasized the notion of ‘fatalism theory’, which opined that the best is always outside the shore of Africa. Instead, emphasis is placed on the level of sophistication and effectiveness of the conflict resolution mechanism in Esan land within the limited knowledge at the time, before the intrusion of Western powers. The study employed the historical method of collection and interpretation of data in its analysis. Part of the argument of this paper is that, Esan traditional method of conflict resolution is rich in potentials from which we can draw to build modern societies.

Keywords: Conflict, Conflict resolution, pre-colonial and Esan.

Title: CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN PRE-COLONIAL ESAN LAND

Author: Akahomen, SebastineAgah

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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