Vol 4 Issue 1 January 2016-March 2016

Abstract: With a rapidly growing commercial economy that requires a sound financial system to sustain growth, Cambodia is committed to the long-term development of the financial sector, channeling financial resources to productive investments, and managing the inherent risks to achieve sustainable economic growth over the long term and contribute to poverty reduction. Financial Sector Development Strategy 2011–2020 reflects Cambodia’s achievements to date, provides an assessment of current challenges and constraints to financial sector development, the long-term goals, and a prioritized set of action plans for the next decade. Said strategy will enable Cambodia’s financial sector to integrate into the regional financial system and support her long-term economic development agenda. This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the role of financial sector development, with a view to deepening understanding of the rationale of development assistance to the financial sector of developing countries. The review leads to the following broad conclusions: there are convincing arguments that financial sector development plays a vital role in facilitating economic growth and poverty reduction, and these arguments are supported by overwhelming empirical evidence from both cross-country and country specific studies; there are however disagreements over how financial sector development should be sequenced in developing countries, particularly the relative importance of domestic banks and capital markets and, in developing the banking sector, the relative importance of large and small banks; while broadening the access to finance by microenterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and vulnerable groups is recognized as critically important for poverty reduction, it is also widely believed that microfinance and SME credit programs need to be well designed and targeted to be effective. In particular, these programs need to be accompanied by other support services such as provision of training and capacity building, assistance in accessing markets and technologies, and addressing other market failures; and financial sector development and innovation will bring risks, and it is therefore essential to maintain sound macroeconomic management, put in place effective regulatory and supervisory mechanisms, and carry out structural reforms in developing the financial sector. There are benefits to dollarization, such as limited exchange rate movements that promote growth in foreign investment and provide a stable environment for the implementation of prudent fiscal policy. However, the loss of seignior age and constraints on the wider use of market-based instruments in implementing monetary policy, such as open market operations3 and foreign currency interventions, raise serious concerns over how well a crisis would be handled, should one occur. This is exacerbated by the limited ability of the NBC to act as the lender of 2 Association of Southeast Asian Nations plus the People’s Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. 3 When the riel becomes the dominant currency and a broad-based government securities market develops. Keywords: Country indicators, economic reforms, objectives, strategies, action plans, financial systems, import export, assessment, and inflation. Title: The Cambodian Financial Sector Development Strategy 2011-2020 Author: Chanbopha Meas, Vijit Supinit International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The National Greening Program of President Benigno S. Aquino III demands high quality, massive, and readily available planting materials. These issues are partly addressed by this study which involved the production of high quality seedlings through the utilization of Kalinga State University (KSU) bio-organic fertilizer. It sought to evaluate the effect of this bio-organic fertilizer on the growth of Antipolo and Dao. Antipolo and Dao are viable to germinate in shorter period of time, have quality products like timber and fruits. The populations of these species are quickly decreasing in Kalinga, Philippines. The experiment was laid out following the Completely Randomized Design with four levels of bio-organic fertilizers as the treatments and a control. Each treatment was replicated four times containing 20 plants for every replication. Four months after planting, it was found that Antipolo seedlings applied with varying levels of KSU bio-organic fertilizer had up to 25.87 percent more leaves, up to 26.15 percent larger stem diameter, and were up to 34.98 percent taller than those without bio-organic fertilizer. The Dao seedlings grown in soil media with bio-organic fertilizer had up to 57.93 percent more leaves, up to 41.37 percent larger diameter, and were up to 43.94 percent taller than those grown in the control. These quality seedlings demand higher price since they recover fast due to strong roots and have increased water holding capacity; and their hauling is economical because they are light. Keywords: bio-organic fertilizer, Antipolo, Dao, potting media, number of leaves, height, diameter. Title: Early Growth Performance of Antipolo (Artocarpus blancoi) and Dao (Dracontomelon dao) As Affected by Different Ratio of Potting Media Author: Robert A. Rodolfo, Irene S. Calsiyao, Eden C. Camaddo, Julius Cris A. Dayao International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of polyethylene bags sizes, ratio of potting media and their interaction on the early growth of Arabica coffee; determine which treatment combination would show better growth of Arabica coffee seedlings; and determine the profitability of Arabica coffee seedlings production using the treatments. The experiment was laid out in factorial experiment in Completely Randomized Design with two polyethylene bag sizes and six ratio of potting media as treatments. Three replication and 20 seedlings were utilized in every treatment in all replication. Seedlings in the larger polyethylene bags exhibited performed better in terms of average number of leaves, average diameter, average height, average monthly diameter increment, average monthly height increment and average surface leaf area than those in the smaller polyethylene bags. Seedlings grown in the 10 percent vermicast performed best in terms of number of leaves, diameter, height, diameter increment, and height increment while those grown in 40 percent vermicast performed best in leaf surface area. For the interaction effects of polyethylene bag sizes and potting ratio, seedlings grown in larger polyethylene bags with 10 percent vermicast obtained the best in terms of average diameter, average height, average monthly diameter increment and average monthly height increment. With larger polyethylene bags and 10 percent, 40 percent and 50 percent vermicast obtained the best in terms of average number of leaves and seedlings grown in larger polyethylene bags with 40% vermicast obtained the best in terms of average surface leaf area. Keywords: vermicompost, Arabica coffee, potting media, number of leaves, height, diameter, leaf surface area. Title: Early Growth of Arabica Coffee (Coffea Arabica) Seedlings Grown in Polyethylene Bags and Different Ratio of Potting Media Author: Michael L. Caliton, Robert A. Rodolfo, Irene S. Calsiyao International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Foreign Investment in Garment & Textile factor is considered as the second biggest industry which plays an important role in improvement and development of Cambodia economy and reduces unemployment issue through accessibility the thousand prospect jobs for Cambodian people who can be contributed in garment & textile factory in order to generate income for supporting their expense daily and help for developing community. Since the signing of the 1991 Paris Peace Accords and the structural economic reform, foreign investment were encouraged to invest in Cambodia through a political environment in which there was domestic peace and security, and commitment to ensure the macroeconomic stability and provided a favorable investment climate enshrined in the Law on investment of 1994 by revolution from social market to free market for receiving all sides of international investors in region and outside region relocate businesses into Cambodia that get highly competency. Cambodia economy focuses on four main factors such as agricultural tourism, and import & export, and garment sectors. And then, Cambodia’s export-oriented garment industry has emerged and growth very effective when flowing foreign investors relocated investment into Cambodia that those investors from Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, and Cambodia was provided advantage in the country’s quota-free access to the US and EU markets and secondarily its relatively low wage rates so Cambodia’ garment industry has been a pivotal source of export growth representing 80% of the country’s total export and directly contributing approximately 20% to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Increasing investments have helped development economic, reducing unemployment rate, and reduce migration to finding job in neighboring countries including Thailand, Vietnam, and etc. Basically, garment & textile finished products have offered free taxation in exporting to hug markets in the world as the United States, EU, Australia and ASEAN countries. These potential sectors that encouraged mainly foreign investors relocated manufacturing bias in Cambodia because beside the provided profitable permission, there are several factors which attractively for international investment that look for advantages of business location, product floor cost, and worker if compare to other countries in the region. Therefore, the flowing of garment & textile investments was increasing very fast and Cambodian government was created the special economic zones (SEZs) where located the mainly sub-city and provinces in order to efficiency accessed production and connected to workforce. And especially Cambodia has created regulatory framework for investment which importantly focused on FDIs including FDIs can be freely implemented, except in areas prohibited to or restricted for foreign investors. In this case, foreign investors have to register with the Ministry of Commerce and obtain relevant operating permits. But if international investors seek investment incentives, they have to apply for investment registration, which can be obtained through the CDC or the Provincial-Municipal Investment Sub-Committee (PMIS). Recently, Ministry of Commerce has accessed business registration system by online that provided easily to register business in Cambodia that can insure security and short time. As the result, garment & textile sector have pushed Cambodia with improvement of social infrastructure, economic growth rate, and reduced flowing of workforce to the neighboring countries which confront a lot of problems and lack of workforce to supply in domestic industries such textile & garment, tourism, agricultural, and construction sectors. That’s why, Cambodian government affords in promoting the potential prospect investments which offered multiple business incentives refer to increase interaction of business activities with the mainly foreign investors that enable to upgrade the numerous of exporting garment & textile products into the foreign markets which occupied the big market shares among others countries’ products and Cambodia is one of the beneficiaries of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) schemes operated by the developed countries. Under these schemes, import tariffs on many products from the beneficiary countries are exempt or reduced if requirements such as rules of origin are fulfilled. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment in Textile, Garment, and Business Incentive Policy. Title: The Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment in Textile and Garment Industries in Cambodia Author: Sithong Soeng, Dr. Vijit Supinit International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Phase Transfer Catalyzed Alkylation of Sodium Benzoate and Butyl Bromide has been investigated in the present study. The work is aimed to determine the conversion of Butyl Benzoate, an important anti-bacterial food additive and food preservative, using various Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Salts as catalysts. The reaction was studied using toluene as solvent at different temperatures, agitation speeds, varying moles of catalysts and at different molar ratios of reactants to determine the best possible parameters for obtaining good conversion of the product. It was observed that a yield of 98% was obtained with Tetra Phenyl Phosphonium Bromide catalyst in toluene at a temperature of 60°C and reaction time of 60 minutes. The obtained product was analyzed using titrimetric method. Keywords: Phase Transfer Catalyst, Process Intensification, Speed, Time, Temperature, Moles, %Conversion. Title: Process Intensification Using Phase Transfer Catalysts Author: Sudarshan jadav, Dr.P.Shashikala, AR Ahmed razvi International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Tourism industry has become very important and is considered as one of the largest businesses in the world. Loyalty is an important issue for the sustainability of business of the companies. Relationships with the customers should be built well in order to achieve their satisfaction and consequently loyalty. First this study aims to find out how tourists evaluate the quality of image of destination, perceived value, service quality and satisfaction of Pattaya how satisfied they are with Pattaya, loyalty intention to revisit and willingness to recommend others to Pattaya. The second purpose is to investigate what image, perceived vlaue, service quality and satisfaction are most important to explain satisfaction with Pattaya. The last purpose is to investigate how image, perceived vlaue, service quality and satisfaction influence to tourist loyalty and willingness to recomemd others to Pattaya.The conceptual framework was adapted from previous studies found in the literature review. The questionnaire data was collected from 172 tourists of international graduate students in Siam University. The analysis of quantitative data was used descriptive and inferential statistics to test different between destination image, perceived value, service quality, satisfaction and tourist loyalty. Keywords: Destination Image, Perceived Value, Service Quality, Satisfaction and Tourist Loyalty. Title: Factors Influencing Tourist Loyalty of International Graduate Students: A Study on Tourist Destination in Pattaya, Thailand Author: PAN OHN, Dr.VIJIT SUPINIT International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Perception of Monosyllabic Words Containing High Frequency Sounds in Children with Hearing Aid and Cochlear Implant. Introduction: Word recognition is a complex process, involving the integration acoustic-phonetic signal, and contextual information. Children perceive familiar words more accurately than unfamiliar words which get distorted in hearing impaired (HI) population. This study aims to compare the performance of HI i.e. in hearing aid users and cochlear implant users for high frequency sounds. Methodology: The study included, 20 children in two group with hearing impairment (70- 90dBHL), age ranging 6-12 years. (Group I- hearing aid users and Group II- cochlear implantee), with at least of 2 years of experiencing a device and intensive therapy. Tests included a closed set of meaningful and monosyllabic words containing high frequency sounds like /s/, /sh/, /f/, /th/, /k/ (Northern and Downs, 1984). Performances of children were compared by t-test analysis. Results: Significant difference was present between perception of hearing aid users and cochlear implantee on monosyllabic words in both groups at levels of 0.05 & 0.01. Discussion: Hearing aid amplifies sound, strongly stimulating the low frequency hair cells deep inside the cochlea, and improving the perception. If high frequency hair cells are non-functioning, the brain will miss out the high frequency elements of the sound as in case of hearing aid user whereas cochlear implantee has all the frequency stimulated by electrode array. Keywords: Monosyllabic Words Containing, Word recognition. Title: Perception of Monosyllabic Words Containing High Frequency Sounds in Children with Hearing Aid and Cochlear Implant Author: Sushant G. Gupta International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper illustrates how bit selection has been perfected by the research work on hard streak in Niger Delta oil fields. This enabled division of formation into soft (sand), hard (shale) and very hard (hard streak) away from former knowledge of only soft and hard. Borehole instability is pronounced while drilling in very hard formation or hard streak.This Formation is associated with siliceous-ferruginous sandstone with traces of siltstone rapped in augen of shale. Drilling through the tight streaks constituted a high risk to the drilling assembly with high axial vibrations (bit bounce) diameter and general rig operation. Placement of Mu– from the bit in the drilling string to drilling tools, mud, hole diameter, militating placement of  Mud Motor on drill string for minimum speed. Also technical problems with old models – considerations only for soft (sand) and hard (shale) formation based on effective porosity between 5% and 20% by Skempton with disregard to less than 5% effective porosity of hard streak (hemaetitic matrix and cementation) became major driver to our solution. The regrouping of International Association of Drilling Companies (IADC) Bit Codes was a great enabler to division of rock formation into soft (sand), hard (shale or unconsolidated sandstone) and very hard (hard streak) thus making bit selection accurate. However, banking on experience, practical field documentations were made and data for this study were gathered through personal observation as a Directional Driller at Soku field. Others were from SPDC especially on Soku and Utorogu fields, NPDC’s Oredo field, DPR and series of research reading in internet. The data were subjected to analytical methods, presented in tables, figures and charts. Based on the data analysis and findings, it can be stated as follows:-

1. Sedimentary formation is hereby divided into soft, hard and very hard (hard streak) by this project models and suitable bits/drilling parameters delineated for each formation. Therefore,bits are selected with these models before and during drilling campaigns.  

2. If drilling is on-going while any hole instability is encountered, you can as well query the Formation - the needed bit and drilling parameters are instantly produced for solution..

3. Insert bits aree very good for the hard streak, PDCs not good because of filing effects.

Concluding, the field experiences of the Soku, Utorogu and Oredo are worth been translated to other areas were the menace of hard streak or challenging formation is very common.

4. Comparable economics has shown that IADC code 447 bit costs only $196 to drill a foot than $120,000 of PDC, with  a appreciable NPT savings of $1.2M within the hard streaks of about 5,000ft. 

Keywords: International Association of Drilling Companies (IADC), hard streak, NPDC’s Oredo field, OPTIMAL BIT SELECTION.

Title: Analysis for Optimal Bit Selection: A Case Study of a Field in Niger Delta

Author: VICTOR U.K. OGUJIOFOR, ADEWALE DOSUNMU (PROF.)

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Abstract: An experiment was undertaken at Bijaya milk production cooperative Ltd, Chitwan and its milk shed command area of western Chitwan covering a period from 2nd February to 2nd May, 2012. The study was accomplished in two phases viz. field survey and laboratory analysis with lactoscan and adulteration test. The survey findings revealed that most of the farmers (95%) knew the basic importance and the procedures to be adopted for quality milk production however they were lacking putting them into practice. Majority of farms (78.75%) used maize and bran as principal ingredients of concentrate. Most of the farms (81.25%) supplied green throughout the year and there 90% farms maintained their animals under stall feeding. Less than fifty percent farmers (43.75%) practiced hand washing with soap before milking and rest (56.25%) washed their hands by common water only. Majority of farmers (83.75%) practiced udder washing by water only. Laboratory analyses were carried out by taking 128 raw milk samples fortnightly from different MCCs in order to analyse fat, SNF, protein, electrical conductivity, sp. gravity and water. Sixty four samples from Bijayanagar, Gadhi, Saranpur, Chowki, Haraiya, Narayanchowk, Shantichowk and Bangai were considered for the study of adulteration by substances like sugar, salt, starch, neutralizer, urea etc. The data indicated that 1.56 and 3.12; 3.12 and 3.12; 3.12 and 3.12; 1.56 and 1.56; 1.56 and 3.12 percent for salt and sugar respectively for the MCC Bijayanagar, Gadhi, Saranpur, Chowki and Bangai. However, the values of 4.68% for sugar and 1.56% of the samples were adulterated by salt respectively for Haraiya and Narayanchowk. None of the samples were adulterated with any substances in Shantichowk. As a whole, none of the MCC showed any other adulterants. The highest and the lowest values for fat, SNF, protein, conductivity, specific gravity and water content location wise were Chowki and Bijayanagar; Saranpur and Haraiya; Bijayanagar and chowki and Bijayanagar and Saranpur respectively. Rest of the location indicated the values within these. Similarly, period wise, highest and lowest values for fat, SNF, protein, conductivity and water content were 3rd and 7th; 7th and 4th; 7th and 4th; 7th and 1st; 7th and 4th; 4th and 3rd fortnight respectively. The result obtained from the study on the quality of raw milk from different places of western Chitwan indicated that the current situation need improvement from adulteration point of view as most of the samples were adulterated from salt and sugar. However, none of the samples were found to be adulterated by starch, neutralizer and urea.

Keywords: Fat, SNF, Protein, Electrical Conductivity, Adulteration.

Title: Quality of Raw Milk Supplied to Organized Milk Collection Centers of Western Chitwan

Author: Krishna Prasad Bastola, Dr. Dainik Bahadur Nepali

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