Vol 4 Issue 2 April 2016-June 2016

Abstract: Floods are becoming the most disparaging environmental catastrophe threatening lower Nyando basin, Kisumu County, Kenya. The floods cause socio-economic disruption which seriously undermines the quality of life of affected households. As a way of reducing the impact of flooding, residents have resorted to the use of diverse adaptation strategies. Knowledge about these strategies therefore1 formed the basis for this research. The study targeted heads of households, Govt. officials, and heads of NGOs, FBOs, as well as CBOs in a bid to answer the research question. The research adopted both correlational and survey research designs. Simple random technique was used to select 384 household heads. Both primary and secondary data were sourced using questionnaires, interviews, FGDs; direct observation and document analysis were used to enhance the documentation of the socio-economic adaptation mechanisms. Descriptive and inferential statistics used in data analysis include frequencies, percentages, chi-square, spearman’s rank order correlation and Standard deviation. Findings reveal that (71.1%) of the respondents were affected by floods. Popular mechanisms employed by households to mitigate the impact of floods were moving the family and valuable goods away from home briefly to safer places (91.5%), constructing flood diversion trenches (83.3%) and seeking relief from the Government and other agencies (58.3%). In order to build resilience within the flood prone communities, the study recommends assistance in constructing flood proof buildings, availing subsidized loans and insurance policies to households and engaging the community in decision making in flood mitigation and preparedness processes to help reduce vulnerability. Keywords: Adaptation mechanisms, Floods, Households, Nyando basin, Socio-economic. Title: Household’s Adaptation Mechanisms to Flood Risk: A Case of Lower Nyando Basin, Kisumu County, Kenya Author: Alice Masese, Edward Neyole, Nicholas Ombachi International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The field of ecommerce is dotted across different paradigms. Despite the demand and wide range of opportunities available, awareness and application of ecommerce technology needs to be improved within the society. Due to the constantly increasing technology and new needs and wants paramount importance has been given to the photography industry as well. In an attempt to gain success within this highly competitive industry many organizations try to adopt ecommerce strategies. The purpose of this study is to develop and test a comprehensive ecommerce framework to gain competitive advantage in the Sri Lankan photography industry. Keywords: ecommerce, competitive advantage, photography. Title: A Model of e-Commerce for Success in the Photography Industry Author: U. De Silva, M. K. Weerasekara International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study leads in exploring the motivation of tourists visiting Thai temple, case study in Watprayurawongsawas Bangkok, Thailand motivation scale to examine motivations of non- Buddhists visiting Buddhist temples. Specifically, this investigation builds on tourism literature to explore the motivations of non-Buddhists visiting Buddhist temples in Thailand. . Motivations to Buddhist temples are of particular interest given the increasing popularity in the Buddhism spiritual activities, such as yoga and meditation, as well as the exponential growth of Buddhist-themed tourism campaigns. The main objective of this research is to highlight the temple heritage, and well-restoration in unique of architecture designed of Wat Prayurawongsawas Worawihara, Bangkok, Thailand, to attract tourist re-visit in Thai temple. In this research the researcher used secondary method to collect the data. The data is gotten from articles, journals and online resources. The theory section looks at different concepts of quality as defined and viewed by various author. The researcher find that affect to positive image which create the number of tourists had been increasing annually in visiting the temple. (Reference number of tourists) It is the result from Thailand promoted their tourism sector by using the images of Thai temple including Wat Prayurawongsawas. So its image of the temple had shown conservation of cultural architecture, and ancient heritage image with in the temple which attracted local and foreign tourists. Especially, Wat Prayurawongsawas has been restoring the main Pagoda (Chedi) by using preservation of prototypes and communicated the publics and private organization including develop the transportation system and the advertising sectors by participation with relational organization. Keywords: Cultural Tourism, Heritage Tourism, Motivation, Thailand Characteristics, Tourism motivation, Travel to Buddhist sites, travelling motivation. Title: The Thai Temple, Case Study of Watprayurawongsawas Bangkok, Thailand Author: NITIPHUM SAENGSUTHO, DR. VIJIT SUPINIT International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study aims to determine the antibacterial properties of liquid smoke cinnamon obtained from the purification and concentration of different liquid smoke. This study was carried out experimentally using a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design of 8 (eight) treatment purification with 7 (seven) the concentration of liquid smoke with 3 replicates in order to obtain 168 experimental units. The treatment of liquid smoke purification include purification by distillation temperature of 100 ± 10 ° C; purification by distillation temperature of 140 ± 10 ° C; purification using activated charcoal, purification using activated charcoal and zeolite mixture (50:50), purification by decantation for 1 day, 2 days and decantation 3 days. Treatment of liquid smoke concentration includes 0 ppm, 1 ppm, 10 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1500 ppm. Variables observed consisted of antibacterial properties such as measuring the diameter of the inhibition (DDH) to the microbe E. coli. The results showed the test results of variance showed that differences in the way of purification provides significant effect on inhibition as well as in different concentrations of liquid smoke while the combination treatment of purification with the concentration of liquid smoke no significant effect (P> 0.05) to the diameter of the inhibition. The diameter of inhibition in the treatment of liquid smoke purification of the E. coli bacteria is indicated by decantation liquid smoke purification treatment for 3 days amounted to 34.129 mm / ppb with a regression equation y = 1.1971 x + 16.014 and the value of r2 = 0.221. Furthermore, the diameter of the largest inhibition in the treatment of liquid smoke concentration cinnamon on E. coli bacteria is shown by the treatment of 1500 ppm of 44.08 mm / ppb with a regression equation Y = 0.0407 x + 3.299 and the value of r2 = 0.9958. Based on the antibacterial properties of the combination treatment purification by decantation three days with liquid smoke concentration of 1500 ppm produced the largest diameter of the inhibition of 94.723 ppb.mm. Keywords: Purification, Concentration, Liquid Smoke Cinnamon, Antibacterial. Title: Antibacterial Properties of Liquid Smoke from the Production of Cinnamonhow Purification and Concentration of Different Author: I Ketut Budaraga, Arnim, Yetti Marlida, Usman Bulanin International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study aims at analyzing Kirundi surnames. It attempts an investigation of their meanings, origins, and role in the Burundi linguistic landscape. This study further focuses on the relationship between Kirundi surnames and the socio-cultural environment of Burundians. From a comparative perspective, the study also draws sample surnames from the Befit language in Cameroon as well as surnames from other parts of the world. The problem that was observed came from the fact Kirundi surnames, unlike those of other societies; do not identify the name bearers with their families. This issue motivated an enquiry to find out the essence of Kirundi surnames if they do not serve for family identification. The data used for this study were obtained from English major students of the University of Burundi. The simple random sampling technique was used for the data collected through the questionnaire whereas the convenience sampling technique was used for those obtained through the interview and focus group discussion. The data from the questionnaire were displayed in tables in terms of frequencies and percentages and analyzed quantitatively while those from the interview and focus group discussion were analyzed qualitatively. The study revealed the following: 1) Kirundi surnames reflect the Burundians’ relationship with their socio-cultural environment; 2) Kirundi surnames portray the conditions under which the name bearers’ families live with their neighbors; and 3) Kirundi surnames illustrate the Burundians’ belief in God. From a close examination of the results of the study, it is noticed that the majority of the Kirundi names that were given during the traditional period depict the Burundians’ close attachment to their culture whereas the majority of those that were given after the arrival of Christianity showed deep religious coloring. In the light of this investigation, it is recommended that parents should give to their children names with positive meanings. Keywords: Case of English Major, comparative perspective, language in Cameroon. Tile: A Context-Based Approach to the Study of Names: Case of English Major Students of the University Of Burundi Author: Julius Ayancho International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: tourism is considered as a non-smoking industry which plays an important role in development of many economies. Cambodia has an emerging economy with relatively high economy growth and political stability. The recent growth of tourist arrivals indicates that, Phnom Penh is a main potential tourism sites and development in Cambodia. Since the 1990s, the country has undergone economy reforms and transformed to become a market economy with strong support from the international donor community and various organizations. Tourism industry is the third largest sector of the economy after agriculture and the garment industry. It plays as an important role in shaping the country’s political and economic development, poverty reduction, cultural identity, and political legitimacy in a country that used to be better known for land mines, killing fields and turmoil. Cambodian government and the private sectors are the main stakeholders in promoting tourism in the country. After three decades of civil war and armed conflict, Cambodia is reemerging to be a new destination for international tourists from around the world, especially from Asia. Tourist arrivals have increased remarkably to more than two million in 2007 and the number is expected to go up yearly by about 20 to 30 percent. In recent years, in 2012 and 2013, tourist arrivals shifted away from western countries towards Asian ones, partly reflect the rising prosperity in Asia, Europe and others. Vietnam, South Korea, China, Thailand, Japan are the major sources of tourist arrivals to Cambodia. Based on a data of Ministry of Economic and Finance of Cambodia, it's seen that Cambodian economy still continued to gather momentum and remain robust, as a result of tourism development of Cambodian which has a great potential to attract more international tourists, but depends on marketing and promotion strategies by both the government and private sector. The conservation of heritage and cultural remains is important to attract tourists while natural parks need to be developed and maintained. Cambodia tourism can also increase its market share quickly if the country works more closely with its neighboring countries that have cultures, heritages, and tourism objectives in common to promote its destinations. Moreover, its government has to implement an open foreign cooperation to attract foreign and local investment to produce the facilities for tourism destination and development of tourism infrastructure. Tourism products are lacking, because of the visitors continue to grow up year, so all accommodations were not enough to meet the tourists' demand. Keywords: tourism development, tourism supply, tourism market, tourism site, economic growth, GDP growth. Title: The Study of Tourism Development and Preference for Tourism Sites in Phnom Penh, Cambodia Author: Pound Chat, Dr. Vijit Supinit International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Small arms proliferation is a term used by organizations such as Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), United Nations (UN) and individuals advocating the control of small arms and their trade. Some organizations use the term particularly in arguing for weapons restriction of small arms sales to private citizens in conflict zones. The main goal of this study is to investigate the effects of proliferation of small arms in northern Kenya while the objectives of the study include among others; to identify the sources of small arms in the northern region of Kenya, to establish the effects of proliferation of small arms in the northern region of Kenya, to identify factors influencing proliferation of small arms in the northern region of Kenya, and to establish the extent to which proliferation of small arms is practiced in Northern region of Kenya and how this problem can be addressed. Geographical positions of these areas and politics were said to be the main factors influencing the proliferation of small arms in the northern Kenya. It was revealed that weapons were locally made by the indigenous people in Kenya and some of them were imported from other countries. Also it was discovered weapons stolen from security personnel have been one of the major factors of arms proliferation in Kenya. Notwithstanding, it was made known in the study that weapons that were reportedly got from war torn neighbors such as Sudan, Ethiopia contributed to arms increase. In furtherance, the study discovered that most customers range from local politicians in high circles of northern Kenya politics to prominent community elders and security officials procuring arms for crime markets in other parts of Kenya especially Nairobi areas, Coastal towns and other crime prone areas. Based on the outcomes, it was recommended that government through local leadership should further embark on awareness creation on the importance of peaceful co-existence amongst communities thereby reducing the influx of arms proliferation. This can be made possible by initiating peace programmes and campaigns in the prone areas. Keywords: proliferation of small arms, light weapons. Title: Effects of Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons In Northern Region Of Kenya Author: Mucyo Mulinzi, Dr. Napoleon Kurantin International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Customer’s satisfaction (CS) on service has obsessed in mind for long time. Today’s service industry strategy to win CS through hotel service is very important that focuses upon succeeding though service product. Many service companies, especially, five stars hotel chains have high competition with foreign hotel chain and this is the major motivation for the research. This research therefore has been focused on CRM; by using the measurement method of expectation disconfirmation theory and the zone of tolerance. Common perception by practitioners in the hotel industry today that a satisfied guest would become a repeat customer was considered as a major subject of this research. It determined the extent to which satisfaction fostered loyalty. Interviewing guests and demonstrating the expression of visual experience through photography illustrated the guests’ propensity for recommending and returning to the hotel as a repeat customer. The research analysis is based on 171 samples, which had been randomly drawn from the people who used services of Sule Shangri-La Yangon. The Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyze the data: i.e. percentage, frequency, means and standard deviation had been used to describe the data. The hypotheses were tested by One-way ANOVA. And the model of relationships between independent and dependent variables was constructed by the use of Multiple Linear Regression. As the results, the research found that in general the customers’ satisfaction of every aspect was billed as “Excellence”. However, these were accepted in aspect of the Spa service and recreation. In these two aspects the CS fell in only “Fair”. It meant that there were some problems in the services of the Spa service and recreation. Especially in the Spa service, the test of hypotheses had been found that the differences in age significantly affected the differences in CS on the Spa service. It indicated that the younger customers had lower CS than the older ones, Moreover, the differences were found in the aspect of Food and Beverage. In this aspect, the differences in CS were significantly affected by age of customers. It also indicated that the younger had lower CS than the older. CRM initiatives can be a good solution to overcome low service performance especially responsiveness and empathy the following recommendation can be given: Focus on true customer expectations, but CRM can be implemented and customers’ satisfaction achieved. Management should consider CRM as a competitive in the hotel market, and not just think of cost management as the only factor of business profit. Creating long-term relationship with customers so that they come back in the future. Keywords: customer satisfaction, illustrate, loyalty, relationship. Title: A Study of Customers Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty of Sule Shangri-La, Yangon Author: Miss. Ingyin Khaing, Dr. Theerachote Phongtaveewut International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The Cambodian tourism has major potential for creating jobs, earning foreign exchange, generating incomes and augmenting government revenues. In the short and medium terms, the major centres of tourist destination were perceived as being Phnom Penh, Siem Reap (Angkor), Battambang province and the Sihanoukville coastal region and, in the long term, with some of the more remote parts of the country being opened up for ecotourism and special interests. Battambang, located in northwestern Cambodia, contains the second most populous city in the country after Phnom Penh. The provincial capital, also Battambang, has always been a popular destination for its nearby ancient temples, French colonial architecture, and Buddhist shrines. Sitting on the Sangker River just south west of the Tonle Sap Lake, Battambang town is at the heart of Cambodia's 'rice bowl', and it maintains an untouched, bucolic feel. The streets are filled with remarkably well-preserved French colonial buildings alongside traditional Cambodian houses. The nearby countryside harbors old pagodas, Angkorian era ruins, caves, waterfalls, and Khmer Rouge period killing fields. Places of interest include Phnom Sampeu, a hill with caves of Buddha statues; the 12th Century Prasat Snung, Wat Banan, an Angkorian temple now occupied as a Buddhist shrine; Wat Baydamram where thousands of fruit bats reside, and Wat Ek Phnom. As the consequences of the research in tourism potential in Battambang province we found that, most of the visitors beside local people are Vietnamese, Thai and Japanese and 54% of them are male among 100% with 125 frequencies. Similarly, many of national and international tourists hold bachelor’s degree and high school student due to our survey, and we also found that a lot of them are self-employ. On came the interest of travellers, so in the data of the survey we can figure out that tourists who visited Battambang province mostly with tour package and family trip by using bus or own vehicle with the main purpose of leisure and business in the intention on cultural places. In addition, travellers spent around four days for visiting the province and prefer hotel to guesthouse. In order to improve more on tourism sector government plays a really important role to develop, improve and enhance the tourism sector such as develop the infrastructure, human resource, promote and advertise the tourism service, health care improvement, motivate people to focus more on tourism. Moreover, local people and tourist are also concern in this improvement by taking of environment with waste management system, local people should tell or share their own knowledge to tourist who did not follow the instruction of the resorts, local people should join the campaign with the government in order to follow the slogan of “clean city, clean resort, good service”. In conclusion, tourism sector can be developed and improved depends on the participation from all of the institutions including people from all levels because tourism sector is the part of system, which require intrapersonal communication. Keywords: potential, tourism, tourist destination, most popular, intention, tour package. Title: A Study of Tourism Potential in Battambang Province, Cambodia Author: Mr. Mun Bora, Dr. Vijit Supinit International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The study looks at the effect of foreign portfolio investment on the financial performance of commercial banks in Rwanda a case of BPR commercial bank. The specific objectives of the study were: To examine foreign portfolio investment in shares on the financial performance of Banque populaire du Rwanda, to analyze foreign portfolio investment policy on the financial performance of banque populaire du Rwanda. The research design that was used in the study was Descriptive Research Design. The researcher focused on describing and explaining the effect of foreign portfolio investment on the financial performance of commercial banks in Rwanda a case of BPR commercial bank using questionnaires. A sample size of 93 respondents from finance, credit, cooperate, retail department and active clients where selected in this study. For a comprehensive study, the researcher adopted a cross-sectional survey design to capture information in relation with objectives of the study. In January 2008, following 33 years of experience in the Rwandan financial sector, UBPR was transformed from a cooperative bank into a commercial bank: Banque Populaire du Rwanda S.A. In June 2008, Rabobank, the Dutch cooperative banking conglomerate, acquired 35 equivalent to frw 4,877,581,000. In July 2012, Visa Inc. certified the bank to issue visa-branded debit and credit cards. The study is based on the assertion that foreign portfolio investment has a significant contribution on the profitability of the banking sector in Rwanda as well as bank populaire du Rwanda (BPR). The above objectives were achieved by using qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. The instruments that were used are questionnaires and documentary review. Data was analyzed using statistical analysis like regression analysis and SPSS. The findings of the study engaged employees from various departments in BPR main Branch and active clients. From the regression analysis used, investment in shares has impacted positively bank populaire du Rwanda as it is evidenced by (P 0.001 < P 0.05) statistically significant. This finding matches with that of Van, H.& James, C ( 1990) that Financial globalization in developing countries is mainly favored by the availability of cheap labor and the fact that, return on capital is relatively High, Credit facilities of Banque populaire du Rwanda have been significant (P 0.031< 0.05).This finding is also emphasized by Gallagher(2007) that Commercial banks and other financial institutions that exist primarily to lend money to business, to individuals, governments, and other entities but the bulk of their profits come from business loans. Cultivating good loan customers and using credit-risk analysis to ensure that borrowers are credit worthy. The researcher also gave out the proper recommendation on effectiveness of foreign portfolio investment So that the Government of Rwanda can be able to take more serious the responsibility of creating an enabling environment for effective, value- adding foreign portfolio investment in the banking sector. From the research findings, From the research findings, the literature research and the results of the analysis of the responses to this study, the following conclusions were reached. Since 2008, with Rabobank foreign investment, BPR has taken huge strides in developing IT systems and improving internal organization. This has enabled the bank to automate its network, introduce innovative new products such as mobile banking and expand the ATM network beyond the main cities – all vital ingredients in improving access to financial services in both urban and rural areas. Keywords: Foreign portfolio investment, financial performance. Title: The Effect of Foreign Portfolio Investment on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Rwanda Author: Frederick Kamali, Jaya Shukla, Tobbias Olweny International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study aimed at examining effects of working capital management on organizational performance. Both primary data and secondary data were collected and analysed to achieve our objectives. By using SPSS 16, the results from analysis of primary data showed that company sells more on cash than on credit, liabilities are well managed even in short period, and there is a good inventory management which helps the company to improve its performance.The findings showed that DR (-0.232) and CCC (- 0.292) have a negative effect on GOP while DP and DI are positively related to GOP (0.301, 0.165 respectively). LNSALES (0.135) has a positive effect on GOP while inflation (-0.00632) has a negative effect on GOP. Therefore, the reduction of the days in accounts receivable will facilitate the company to have ready cash to reinvest and can prevent the cash from getting eroded by effects of inflation as well as benefit from cheap source of financing. The increase in inventory levels also will help the company to create value but this requires efficient level that can maximize returns and minimize the costs of keeping it considering the effects of inflation. Thus working capital management is viewed as an effective lever to increase cash flow and preserve, or even to enhance company value. Keywords: Working capital Management, organizational performance. Title: Effect of Working Capital Management on Organizational Performance Author: Twahirwa Egide, Dr. Tobias Olweny, Dr. Mbabazi Mbabazize Peter International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The study delved on analyzing the competitive position of the spa and massage clinics in the cities of the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines using Porter’s five forces model. As this industry has begun flourishing in the recent years, the researcher became interested in further identifying its strengths and weaknesses and opportunities in consideration for a personal business venture. The results derived from the study can be important to would-be entrepreneurs and those currently engaged in this business especially in their decision-making processes. This research paper used the descriptive research design which involved thirty-eight spa and massage clinics in the four key cities in Nueva Ecija. In analyzing the level of competition, Porter’s five forces framework was employed using the Likert scale with the verbal analogy from very low, low, moderate, high, to very high. Findings revealed that the threat of entry of new competitors got a high score from the respondents. This indicates that this kind of undertaking can still be lucrative under the current setup. Bargaining power of therapists was moderate which suggested that therapists may still hang on to their job. Threat of substitute services was high; an indication that such can be easily duplicated, hence of little difference. Rivalry among competing firms was high which could signal the existence of competition between the industry players. Survey further revealed that consistency and attitude of massage therapists defines the future of this sector. Keywords: Porter’s five forces model; spa and massage clinics; massage therapists; competitive position; bargaining power; substitute; rivalry. Title: Spa and Massage Clinics in Nueva Ecija, Philippines: Competitive Position Using Porter’s Five Forces Model Author: Mercedes D. Santos International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the factors influencing the adoption of credit cards in financial institutions in Rwanda because there several factors affecting electronic banking adoption among financial institutions especially in developing countries. According to Jensen (2003), most countries in Africa, except South Africa, have Internet infrastructure only in their major cities and this make it hard for the citizen to use electronic banking effectively, coupled with culture since some of this technology is still a new innovation in people’s life and is rendered useless because of culture. The researcher achieved this researcher by use of three specific objectives namely; to analyze the influence of level of income on the adoption of credit cards; to establish the effect of Credit cards Costs on adoption of credit cards and to examine the effect of credit card awareness on the adoption of credit cards. The researcher used descriptive method of study based on qualitative and quantitative approach in order to get better analysis of the study. He used both primary and secondary data collection tools with their relevant tools like questionnaire and documentary analysis in order to come up with required data. In the finding it was revealed that several factors which affect adoption and usage of credit card but analyzed factors like income level, credit card awareness and credit card cost affects adoption and usage credit cards. These factors affects usage of credit inform of purchasing of goods both within and outside the country. Using Spearman's correlation co efficiency model Table 11.9 gives the statistical evidences concerning the relationship between credit card cost and Adoption/usage of Credit Cards by Clients of I &M Bank. According to the results, sample size N is 62 and the significant level is 0.01, the results indicate that fixed pay has positive strong correlation on productivity equal to .955**and the sig is .000 which is less than 0.01. When sig. is less than significant level, researchers conclude that variables are correlated. It is therefore concluded by the researcher that there is a statistically significant correlation between factors affecting usage of credit card and Adoption/usage of Credit Cards by Clients of I&M Bank, implying that they are many factor which affect adoption and usage of Credit Cards. Keywords: Factors Influencing the Adoption and Usage of Credit Cards in Financial Institutions Of Rwanda. Title: Factors Influencing the Adoption and Usage of Credit Cards in Financial Institutions of Rwanda: Case Study I&M Bank (Rwanda) Author: KALISA Alfred, Dr. Olweny Tobias, Dr. MBERA Zenon International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of horizontal foreign direct investment in the banking industry on the business growth of Rwanda a case of Equity bank Rwanda; one of the foreign subsidiaries in Rwanda. The objectives of the study included among others; to examine the effect of bank investment on business growth, to identify the influence of bank loans on business growth, to analyze the effects of bank technological services on business growth, and to ascertain the influence of loans on profitability. The researcher used a case study. The researcher used primary and secondary methods as sources of data for the research while the collected data were analyzed by editing, coding, tabulation and SPSS software. The target populationwere the business class customers of Equity bank Rwanda subsidiary taking a sample size of 189 customers. The sample size was arrived at using simple random sampling technique and the researcher used Slovin’s formula [n=N/1+N (e)2] to find the sample size. The formula is sometimes called Sloven’s formula and was formulated by Slovin in 1960. In the findings, it was established that the respondents complained of limited Equity bank branches in different parts of the country. It was discovered that business loans had boasted the respondents’ investments. Small businesses were highly preferred by the business customers. Some guidance on how to use the loan was given to the customers. It was discovered that high taxes were reducing the respondents’ profits. Agent banking was operating in the cities and city suburbs but very rare in rural areas. There were few customers undertaking corporate businesses; interest rates on business loans were very high; there was limited use of credit cards, PoS and Telecos. The charges for a debit card at Equity bank Rwanda were very high compared to what other banks in Rwanda charged. The study recommended the following to both the bank and policy makers; increasing agent banking business in rural areas, introducing mobile banking to upcountry areas, opening up more branches and outlets in all parts of the country, advertising widely all Equity bank Rwanda technological services to the public, reducing the costs of using technological services and finally giving both local and foreign investors tax holidays as well as lowering taxes. Keywords: Horizontal Foreign Direct Investment, Equity Bank Rwanda Subsidiary, Business Growth. Title: Effect of Horizontal Foreign Direct Investment in the Banking Industry on Business Growth, (A Case Study of Equity Bank Rwanda Subsidiary) Author: Kalinganire Peter, Dr. Olweny Tobias, Dr. MbabaziMbabazize International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: It has been noticed that the first year students at Jazan University have a clear problems in writing. Therefore, the researcher carried out this study entitled “Deficiency of Writing English among Arab Students" to investigate the real factors behind these problems in order to suggest solutions for them. The study aims at using the scientific techniques of using the modern techniques for teaching writing skill in order to promote meaningful language learning. The main source of data collection is the questionnaire, beside, different references, books, forums and internet as secondary resources. Keywords: “Deficiency of Writing English among Arab Students" to investigate the real factors behind these problems in order to suggest solutions for them. Title: “Deficiency of Writing English among Arab Students" Author: Dr. Alnoor Sabit Abdelkarim Hadi International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations (IJTPD) Research Publish Journals