Vol 5 Issue 1 April 2017-September 2017

Abstract: The aim of this review study was to discuss and highlighting the most important aspects on Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), mainly discussing the diagnosis and therapeutics management, also to review the pathogenesis and causes behind the RA. We conducted detailed search reviewing articles related to Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using electronic databases; Medline/PubMed, Embase, and Google scholar. Search strategy used following terms through PubMed; “Rheumatoid arthritis” “diagnosis,” “screening,” and “treatment”. We applied restriction to our search, for only these studies published up to May,2017 with English language, and involving human subjects.

RA, a systemic autoimmune disease involving the joints and also various other organs, is associated with death, disability, and also pain. Growing evidence recommends that very early recognition and therapy of RA brings about boosted results and even boosted rates of drug-free remission. The optimal time to treat and recognize RA is unknown; nonetheless, less than 3-- 6 months of symptoms of IA appears to be a good time duration to target for initiation of DMARD therapy, although this target may be difficult to get to as a result of several factors that could affect very early medical diagnosis of RA. The 2010 ACR/EULAR classification requirements show up to recognize RA earlier compared to the 1987 standards, although the performance of these brand-new requirements in leading to improved end results in RA needs further examination.

Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ACR/EULAR classification requirements.

Title: Early Screening for Rheumatoid Arthritis, And Treatment Outcomes, Review

Author: Faisal Rabeea Alanazi, Mohammed Nafy Alruwaily, Mohammed Zhafer Alqarni, Abdullah Sami Bunaian, Nasser Khalid Alotaibi, Abdulaziz Mohammed Alessa, Mansour Abdullah Alnaim

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: In this study, the phytochemical composition and mutagenic potential of Caulis bambusae stem extract were investigated following standard procedures, with a view to ascertain its health implications and possible deleterious effects on body cells. Results of the phytochemistry showed that Caulis bambusae stem extract contains flavonoids (0.09%), alkaloids (0.05%), tannins (2.10mg/dl), steroids (1.40mg/dl), carbohydrates (22.30%), anthraquinone (0.03%), glycosides (0.14%), and saponins (1.75mg/dl), while the mutagenicity study on characterized E. coli strain showed no significant increase (P>0.05) in induced tryptophan revertant colonies and a mutagenic index of 1.00±0.12µg/plate when compared to the positive control, indicating absence of mutagenic potential. The significant presence of these phytochemical agents in Caulis bambusae suggests that the plant is highly enriched with bioactive substances which can be harnessed into safe and potent medicines for the treatment of diseases and also gives credence to the use of the plant in ethno medicine for the treatment of various ailments.

Keywords: Caulis bambusae, Ethno medicine, Mutagenecity, Phytochemical, Plants.

Title: Phytochemical Analysis and Preliminary in Vitro Non Mutagenic Activity of Caulis bambusae Stem Extract

Author: Oshilonya, H.U., Oshilonya, L.U., Ijioma, S.N

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: It is unclear whether an evaluation incorporating coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) is more effective than standard evaluation in the emergency department in patients with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndromes.

Methods: In this single trial, we randomly assigned patients 20 to 75 years of age with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndromes but without ischemic electrocardiographic changes or an initial positive troponin test to early CCTA or to standard evaluation in the emergency department on Mondays and thusdays during daylight hours between(May 2014 to june 2015). The primary end point was length of stay in the hospital. Secondary end points included rates of discharge from the emergency department, major adverse cardiovascular events at 28 days, and cumulative costs. Safety end points were undetected acute coronary syndromes.

Results: The rate of acute coronary syndromes among 95 patients with a mean (±SD) age of 50.987±8 years (24.2% women), (75.8 % men).After early CCTA, as compared with standard evaluation, the mean length of stay in the hospital was reduced by 17 hours (P<0.0001) and more patients were discharged directly from the emergency department (P<0.0001). There were no undetected acute coronary syndromes and no significant differences in major adverse cardiovascular events at 28 days.

The total cumulative mean cost of care was less in the CCTA group as compared to the standard evaluation group (45000EP and71800 EP, respectively; P =<0.0001).

Conclusions: In patients in the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndromes, incorporating CCTA into a triage strategy improved the efficiency of clinical decision making, as compared with a standard evaluation in the emergency department, with decrease in the overall costs of care.

Keywords: coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA), electrocardiographic (ECG).

Title: Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography for Early Triage of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Author: Dina A. Moghazi, Ahmed M. Kamal El Din, Saad M. Ammar, Khaled A.EL RaBbat

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Improvements in the treatment of stroke lead to an increase in the number of patients living with the consequences of stroke. Although stroke induces cognitive impairment, a lack in mobility or difficulties in walking are common problems for stroke survivors and restoring the walking pattern is one of the main targets in the rehabilitation procedures. Perturbation application is helpful in creating a suitable environment in gait training and it drives problem solving.

In our study we aimed to investigate the instantaneous and direct effectiveness of perturbation in stroke patients on the brain during walking by using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and also evaluated the cognitive functions of these patients by Mini Mental Test and Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

Study groups were composed of 6 healthy and 6 stroke survivors. Perturbation was applied to subjects by using Re-Step Rehabilitation System and NIRS was used to analyse the instant effect of perturbation on oxygen consumption dynamics of the brain. Although HHb did not change in both groups, HbO2 value showed significant changes in healthy group during walking protocol of the study. Healthy Group Mini Mental Test score was found to be increased significantly when compared to Patient Group.

We may suggest that the perturbation implantation increases the prefrontal circulation which is activated during motor planning and central input processing, especially in healthy group compared to stroke patients. This determination may consequently be thought as increase in activity in neural centers related to the task and parallel effect of plasticity.

Keywords: NIRS, HbO2, perturbation, stroke, neuro-rehabilitation.

Title: Possible Influence of Perturbation Implication, a Neurorehabilitation Model, On Brain Plasticity Using NIRS System

Author: ÖZSEZiKLi Bülent Abut, ÇETİN Güven, MENGİ Murat, ALTAN Mehmet, METİN Gökhan, HANOĞLU Lütfü

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms or Pandrug resistant (PAN) or Extensive drug resistant (XDN) are an established and growing worldwide public health problem and few therapeutic options remain available. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of different bacterial isolates was studied to detect incidence of MDR organisms. The clinical samples were cultured and bacterial strains were identified in the department of microbiology in tertiary care hospital and measures to control MDR were identified. The 1270 samples were studied.

Results: shows that there are 36% gram negative bacilli MDR and 4.6% MRSA, 1.7% VRE in gram positive organisms. No PANdrug resistant organism was isolated at all.

Conclusion: Local microbiologic data are extremely important to detect prevalence of MDR organisms, to check the infection trend, and to initiate effective measures to control MDR organism .It also indicates that prior antibiotic exposure of organism is important and antibiotic choices should thus be made at an individual patient level. Administration of unnecessary prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotics should be avoided as is important are proper isolation practices as per infection control guidelines to prevent transmission of infection.

Keywords: Multidrug-resistant (MDR), Pandrug resistant (PAN), Extensive drug resistant (XDN).

Title: Assessment of Multidrug Organisms, ESBL Producing Organisms, MRSA and VRE: A Study

Author: Dr. Furqania Khan, Dr. Salim Khan, Dr. Faten Mahallawy

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences     

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The aim of this study was to know if there is any difference in length of stay in hospital if we use Steroid, and also to assess the most common organism that cause acute follicular tonsillitis in Al Noor hospital in patients with positive throat swab. A retrospective cohort study for total of 148 patients who had admitted in Al Noor Specialty Hospital in Makkah in period between 2011-2016 with Acute Follicular tonsillitis “AFT”. A 38 patient with AFT received IV steroid either dexamethasone or Hydrocortisone while the rest did not receive any type of steroid. the data was collected by reviewing the file of those patients then filling a sheet that include personal data, diagnosis, length of stay, steroid use and its frequency, throat swab and their result, sensitivity of organism to Antibiotics, type of antibiotics that had been used. As for the result of throat swab most of the pateint had no growth (58,7%) and swab (33,3%). Checking the sensitivity of organism to ABx showed that most of the patient had no sensitivity to any organism. Only a few (1-1) had sensitive to ampillicin, cefuroxine, metronidazole, clindamycin, penicellin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, vancomycin, clindamycin. Most of the patients (73,4%) didn't use any steroid, 12% used dexamethasone. The association between steroid and decrease the length of stay in hospital for those patients with acute tonsillitis was significant in effect, as reflected by P values above the conventional (P>0.5) which is a significance level.

Keywords: follicular tonsillitis, personal data, diagnosis, length of stay, organism to Antibiotics, hospital.

Title: Effect of Steroid Use on the Length of Staying in Hospital in Acute Follicular Tonsillitis Patients in Al Noor Specialties Hospital in Makkah Between the period of 2011-2016

Author: HABIBULLAH, AMMAR HUSSAIN M., NAIF AHMAD ALFATTANI, ALTHQAFI, AHMED HAMED A., BUKHARI, DEEMAH HOSNI., REHAB FAISAL SIMSIM., HALAWANI, FAWZIAH ALI.

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: This review study was aimed to overview the rectal cancer or colorectal cancer in meanwhile we intended to emphasize the staging methods of rectal carcinoma according to different evidence, also aimed to review the radiation therapy for rectal cancer, and comparing the evidence in that manner. We conducted a detailed search through medical electronic databases’ Medline/PubMed and Embase, searching studies discussing rectal cancer staging, radiotherapy, and risk factors associated with rectal cancer, published up to May, 2017. English language restriction was applied to the search and we included those studies with human subjects only. Rectal cancer staging defines neighborhood as well as distant extent of disease. Postsurgical pathologic hosting offers info on prognosis and also could show the demand for additional treatment. Pretreatment staging establishes management. Exact analysis of neighborhood T, N, as well as M classifications is most importantly crucial for identifying the best stage-specific therapy. Present assessment methods consist of physical examination, plain radiographs, EUS, MRI, accurate for staging. The trials have repetitively revealed that RT, whether alone or with radiation treatment, ought to be provided prior to surgical treatment to have the best effectiveness as well as the very least toxicity. It is also a belief that systemic therapy, being the weakest part of the treatment, need to be given before and not after the surgery in order to have biggest efficacy. Development of the local primary ought to after that not happen throughout the systemic therapy, presently needing a duration of 5-6 mo. The discovery that the short-course schedule results in significant down-staging, is bearable as well as permits complete radiation treatment beginning soon after the RT.

Keywords: Rectal Malignant Tumor, rectal cancer or colorectal cancer.

Title: Overview of Radiotherapy and Clinical Staging for Patients Suffering Rectal Malignant Tumor

Author: Abdulaziz Faisal Khyat, Turki Tawfik Alshaikh, Mahmoud Abdulghafur Sait, Ahmed Faisal Basalam, Yazeed Abdullah Aldousari, Abdulrahman Mohammed Hamza, Mohmad Ahmed Hamodah

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The present narrative review aimed to highlight the surgical management of liver carcinoma (hepatocellular carcinoma), This review intended also to discuss the indications, staging and finally technique and procedures of partial or total hepatectomy. This study is a narrative review in which we performed a PubMed, Embase and SCOPUS search for relevant English language articles published up to May, 2017. Multidisciplinary and a multimodal task with the surgical treatments representing the only potentially curative techniques offered today. Liver resection and liver hair transplant are the two used surgical alternatives for HCC treatment. To use the very best alternative, mindful selection of patients is required. Accurate medical diagnosis and appropriate evaluation, consisting of the degree of the disease and the status of the hepatic reserve, are essential elements to identify the treatment technique. Laparoscopic liver resection in cirrhotic liver stayed a technically challenging procedure. It needs to be carried out in centers with expertise in surgeons who can performed complex liver surgical treatment; surgeons who are experienced in laparoscopic strategy.

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver transplant (LT).

Title: Surgical Methods Resection of Liver Carcinoma

Author: Abdullah Sabti S Almoeirfi, Ali Abdullah Al Dahise, Feras Mohammed Omair Al Habshan, Yousef Taleb Gaafar Alkatheri, Abdolmalek Mohammad Alghamdi, Zahrh Abdullah Ahmed Alyousef, Saud Saad Homigan Almotairy, Wadia Abdulaziz Al-Andijani

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The main objective of this review was to evaluate and discuss the evidence related to pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic approaches to the osteomyelitis, also to emphasize the risk factors and causes of this serious bone disease. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google scholar databases were used in detailed search for relative articles concerning osteomyelitis in any clinical aspect, but restricted to only English language published articles up to May,2017. Furthermore, references of these articles were searched for more relevant studies that could contribute in our review. Osteomyelitis is a major infection connected with substantial morbidity. The occurrence is increasing with the occurrence of diabetes. High clinical suspicion is essential to early diagnosis, and recognition of the pathogen is essential for management. MRI has the greatest diagnostic precision amongst radiological studies. Antibiotic routines for the empiric treatment of acute osteomyelitis, especially in children, need to consist of an agent directed versus S. aureus. Betalactam prescription antibiotics are first-line alternatives unless MRSA is believed. If methicillin resistance amongst community isolates of Staphylococcus is greater than 10 percent, MRSA must be considered in preliminary antibiotic protection. In some situations, it may not be possible to securely eliminate a piece of contaminated prosthetic product, or a sequestrum of lethal bone. In such cases, it might be necessary to prescribe an oral antibiotic for long-lasting suppression of infection.

Keywords: Osteomyelitis, therapeutic approaches, English language published articles.

Title: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approaches for Osteomyelitis, Review

Author: Nuha Hazem Bukhari, Abdullah Mohammedalsasi A Alawamir, Abdullah Sabti S Almoeirfi, Sultan Mursi Albogami, Salah Ghazi S Almatrafi, Abdulrhman Mohammed Almehmadi, Ali Hassan Altrabolsi, Khaled Saad Mohammed Alboaqami

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The glycemic index (GI) is a numerical index that ranks carbohydrates based on their rate of glycemic response, the conversion of glucose within the human body as well as their effect on postprandial glycemic. It was assumed to apply to foods that primarily deliver available carbohydrate, causing hyperglycemia. Low-GI foods were classified as being slowly digested and absorbed and high-GI foods as being rapidly digested and absorbed, resulting in different glycemic responses. Thus, a cross sectional study was conducted to determine the impact of diabetes-formulated oral nutritional supplement versus instant cocoa drink and 3-in-1 oatmeal on postprandial glucose. A total of 39 individuals were selected (mean age 30.74 ± 5.75 years) through a convenient sampling. Participants were given different drink samples and their respective blood glucose levels were measured in a specific time frame within 2 hours. Based on the assumption of glucolin (GC) with the GI of 100, diabetes-formulated oral nutrition supplement, Metabolic® Sauver (MS) has a low GI value of 26.84 ± 16.53, whereas instant cocoa drink (CC) and 3-in1 oatmeal (OM) both have a medium GI value of 68.95 ± 36.38 and 60.49 ± 20.37 respectively. In conclusion, high GI value food were associated fluctuation blood glucose and higher risk of various diseases whereas low GI value food are particularly useful especially in diabetic patient for better control of glucose levels.

Keywords: diabetes formula, glycemic index, post-prandial blood glucose.

Title: Impact of Diabetes-Formulated Oral Nutritional Supplement versus Instant Cocoa Drink and 3-in-1 Oatmeal on Postprandial Glucose

Author: HIEW FEI TSONG, HAN WAN CHIEN, GAN WEI XIN, SITI NORAMALINA BINTI MOKHADIS, RAIHAN BINTI ROSIDI, THANG SZE LING, NORASHIKIN BINTI MUSTAFA

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The main purpose of this review study was to evaluate the roles of colonoscopy in screening and detection of colorectal polyps, which might be transforming to carcinoma, this review discussing the advantage and disadvantage of colonoscopy in case of polyp’s diagnosis. We searched PubMed, and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) databases for recent for studies concerning screening of colon polyps by using colonoscopy published up to May, 2017. Colorectal polyps are a usual finding in screening colonoscopies. A lot of these are of no scientific importance but, because of their high prevalence, the minority of such polyps that bear a deadly capacity still represents a central problem in preventive medicine. Early identification and also removal of these sores is a highly effective technique of stopping morbidity as well as death from colon carcinoma. The diagnosis of an intestines polyposis syndrome is at first recommended, based upon colonoscopic findings and also polyp histology. Enhancing varieties of surveillance colonoscopies for previous colonic polyps are being done. Each colonoscopy brings the burden of bowel prep work, possible discomfort, and risk of difficulties. Colonoscopy is a limited resource as well as must be recommended just with a strong indicator. People with non-advanced adenomas have actually no substantially increased risk of intestines cancer (CRC) as compared to the basic population.

Keywords: Health Technology Assessment (HTA), Colon Polyp diagnosis.

Title: Colon Polyp Diagnosis with Comprehensive Colonoscopy Screening; Review

Author: Sultan Mousa Alkharmani, Abdulrahman Talal Albishri, Ahmad Omar Bajubair, Hesham Adnan Qary, Mahdi Dhafer Al Zulayq, Reiad Abdulelah Almohamadi, Abdalrhman Mesfer Alghamdi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: This review was aimed to summarizes etiological factors, diagnosis of Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) also to emphasize the evidence on different antibiotic treatment of community acquired pneumonia in children. For this Review we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL. To search CENTRAL and MEDLINE we combined the following search strategy with the mesh terms for identifying child studies about Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) “Pneumonia” “bronchopneumon” “Anti-Bacterial Agents” “Antibiotics” AND “Treatment of pneumonia in children”. Only English language articles were searched with human subject content. Furthermore, references list of each articles were reviewed for more related articles to our concerned topic. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children is a leading source of childhood morbidity and also death primarily in the creating world. Its etiology can be viral, bacterial, or blended infection. The etiological agents are different in different age groups and throughout the numerous seasons of the year. Upper body X-rays and also inflammatory laboratory examinations have reduced analysis sensitivity and also specificity. The selection and also dosage of prescription antibiotics need to be based on the age of the patient, extent of the pneumonia and also expertise of local antimicrobial resistance patterns. For the therapy of WHO-defined non-severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children below 5 years of age amoxycillin is an option too. There are no noticeable distinctions in between azithromycin and also erythromycin, azithromycin as well as coamoxyclavulanic acid, or cefpodoxime as well as co-amoxyclavulanic acid. There are restricted data on other prescription antibiotics: co-amoxyclavulanic acid and cefpodoxime could be alternate second-line drugs. Both therapy plans-oxacillin/ceftriaxone and also amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-are effective in dealing with very severe CAP in 2-month- to 5-year-old hospitalized children.

Keywords: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), pediatric, WHO.

Title: Community Acquired Pneumonia in Pediatric and Review of Different Antibiotics Treatment Options

Author: Mohammed Abbas Tai, Ahmad Omar Bajubair, Turki Tawfik Alshaikh, Ibrahim Abbas Tai, Reiad Abdulelah Almohamadi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Study aimed To assess the molluscicidal against Fish Gambusia affinis.

Methods: Extracts of Bayluscide 83.1% WP were activities against adult Gambusia affinis. Then a fish was considered dead when motionless, bloating and/ or its colour change and  examined under a dissecting microscope at 30x magnification, and the LC50 value for the molluscicidal tested were computed.

Result: for the molluscicidal activities of Bayluscide 83.1% WP, the LC50 value against Gambusia affinis was 640 ppm.

Keywords: Mosquito, fish, Gambusia affinis, molluscicidal.

Title: Laboratory Assessment of the Molluscicidal Against the Fish in (Irrigated Canal) Wad Medani Gezira State- Sudan (2013)

Author: Abdelrhman ALTIJANI PhD, HASSAN Elbashir Prof, Hamza Abdullah Mohammed, ABDELRAHMAN Samira Prof, NOUR Prof

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Comparison of the use of Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus as primary immunosuppression in renal transplantation at 5years of follow-up by evaluating –

•   Graft Survival and Patient Survival rate at 6 months, 1 year, 3 years and 5 years between Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus groups.

•   Survival analysis of patients in Cyclosporine or Tacrolimus groups using Kaplan Meier Survival Curve.

•   Assessment of Drug induced toxicity in between Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus groups

Materials & Methods: There were 99 renal transplantations done between 1990-2010.

•   Of these, 97 were Live related kidney transplant and 2 were Cadaver transplant.

•   52/99 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study.

•   Mean Duration of Follow-up was 62.7 months.

Results: Hypertension was more common in CSA group (89% vs 62.5%, p=0.38)

•   Dyslipidemia was more common in CSA group (55.56% vs 6.25%, p=0.002, Significant )

•   DGF was more in the TAC group (25% vs 11.11%, p= 0.2005)

•   Hyperkalemia was more in TAC group (6.25% vs 3%, p=0.857)

•   NODAT was more common in TAC group (56.25% vs 27.78%, p=0.0348)

•   At 5 years, the survival rate of graft and patient in the Cyclosporine group was (75% & 80.56% ) versus the Tacrolimus group was (87.5% & 87.5%) respectively.

•   Projected Graft half life in TAC group was 27 yrs versus CSA group of 10.1 years.

Conclusions: Tacrolimus was more effacious than cyclosporine in terms of allograft survival rate at 5 years of follow up. Also Tacrolimus had fewer side effects as compared to cyclosporine.

Keywords: Tacrolinmus and Cyclosporine, TAC group.

Title: Comparative Study of Efficacy of Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus in Renal Transplantation

Author: Geeta S Sheth, Kalpana S Mehta

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Objective: Study aimed to assess the molluscicidal agains snail Bulinus truncatus.

Methods: Extracts of Bayluscide 83.1% WP were activities against adult Bulinus truncatus. The suspected dead snails were examined under a dissecting microscope at 30x magnification, and the LC50 value for the molluscicidal tested were comput (4) ed.

Result: for the molluscicidal activities of Bayluscide 83.1% WP, the LC50 value against Bulinus truncatus was 230 ppm.

The aqueous extract of Bayluscide 83.1% WP is exhibited reasonable molluscicidal activity against the Bulinus truncatus. however, comprehensive laboratory evaluation is recommended prior to field tests of the molluscicidal since their impact on other aquatic biota is not known.   . 

Keywords: Schistosomiasis, Bulinus truncatus, molluscicidal, Snail.

Title: Laboratory Assessment of the Molluscicidal Against the Snail at Barakat Area (Irrigated Canal) Wad Medani Gezira State- Sudan (2013)

Author: ALTIJANI Abdelrhman, HASSAN Elbashir, Hamza Abdullah Mohammed, Abdelrahman Samira, Nour

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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