Vol 2 Issue 2 October 2014-March 2015

Abstract: This comparative study was conducted in (Shendi agricultural schemes) to assess the effect of insecticides on farmers health. A sample of 384 farmers was selected out of 2675 farmers using the statistical formula. The agricultural scheme was divided into six sectors, three of which were selected randomly to select the desired sample size proportionally from the sectors using systematic random sampling. Insecticides sellers were interviewed in order to detect the type of insecticide most commonly used by farmers which was found to be organ phosphorous “Ops” and/or carbamates. 120 of the sample size who used such type of insecticides were considered as exposed group and equally 120 of the nonusers were selected randomly to represent the control group. Both were intended for interview and check their choline esterase activity. A questionnaire was designed for gathering data from the farmers .The tin to meter color comparison method was used to determine chlorine esterase activity in human whole blood. These data was further analyzed by using (SPSS) Statistical Package for Social Sciences program.

Time and Place Limitation: This study was carried out during January –September 2010 in Shendi agricultural schemes 179 km North Khartoum- Sudan.

Constrains: The natural constrains (Winds, rains and floods which leads to cultivation damage at that season because all the farms are closed to the river Nile bank, Second, the illiteracy(17%) of farmers affect their response and participation in the study.

Consent: The aim of this study was clearly explained to the representatives of the farmers’ union who explained the scientific goals of the study to all farmers and acquired their consent and voluntary participation in blood examination. 

Keywords: Pesticides; Insecticides; carbamates; organophosphorous; choline-esterase

Title: Hazards of Insecticides on Farmers Health (Shendi Agricultural Schemes) Sudan

Author: Dr. Ali Ibrahim Elamin, Dr. Abdelsalam Mohammed Daoud, Dr. Mohammed Suleiman Mohammed Gibreel

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Carcinoid tumors arise from the diffuse components of the endocrine system. The majorities are found in the GI tract, and more than 40% occur in the small intestine. The tracheobronchial tree and lungs are the next most commonly sites involved. Gastric carcinoids may be associated with endocrine cell hyperplasia, chronic atrophic gastritis, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The term carcinoid, or “carcinoma-like,” was applied because these tumors tend to have a more indolent clinical course than GI carcinomas. Carcinoid tumors are best considered to be well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. Neuroendocrine tumors of stomach are rare. We report a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma attach to lesser curvature of stomach as freely mobile mass in a 20 year old male patient presenting with complain of gastric pain, loss of appetite, indigestion and abdominal discomfort. Diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor is made on histopathological examination which is confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

Keywords: Neuroendocrine carcinoma, Stomach    

Title: Neuroendocrine Tumor Attach To Lesser Curvature of Stomach – A Case Report

Author: Dr. Dharm Chand Kothari, Dr. Manish Kumar, Dr. Harsh Kumar Baid, Dr. Shashibhushan Tailor

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: When red blood cells carrying one or both ABO antigens are exposed to the corresponding antibodies, they agglutinate (clump together). People usually have antibodies against those red cell antigens that they lack. This research work is therefore embarked upon to know the frequency of ABO blood groups among blood donors in Ado-Ekiti and its metropolis. 7242 subjects who visited the Blood Bank of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti between January 2009 and October 2014, to donate blood either as relative donors, voluntary donors or commercial donors were recruited for this study. 4ml of blood was collected into plain bottles from each Subject. Cells and sera grouping were subsequently carried out after clot retraction. Blood Group O has the highest frequency (73.04%) followed by group A (13.42%) and then group B (13.12%) while group AB has the least frequency (0.41%). The highest frequency of blood group O is due to the ability of group O individuals to donate to other blod groups other than group O and also the fact that group O is the commonest blood group. Male donors were more than the female donors which could be due to low haemoglobin level in females, other inclusion criteria like; absence of menstruation, lactation, pregnancy etc, and the fears usually exhibited by females to donate blood as a result of lack of adequate awareness on the importance of blood donation. Blood Transfusion Professionals should therefore take blood donation awareness as part of their duties.

Keywords: Frequency, blood groups, blood donors, south-west.

Title: Frequencies of ABO Blood Groups among Blood Donors in Ado-Ekiti and Its Metropolis, South-West, Nigeria

Author: PETER OJO FAMONI, TOLULOPE ADEKOYA-BENSON, OLUGBENGA AJALA, ADEGBOYEGA AGBAJE, OMOBOLANLE OLATIMEHIN, OLUSEGUN CHRISTOPHER ADEOSUN, HALEEM OLUJUWON IBRAHEEM, THOMPSON JOSEPH AKINBOLAJI

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences    

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Haemolysin is a type of antibody that has the ability of combining with its specific antigen on the red blood cells and together with complement cause destruction of the cells. This study was carried out to know the incidence of alpha and beta haemolysins among pregnant women in Ado-Ekiti. Three Hundred and Sixty subjects were recruited for this study, out of which Seventy-Nine were Blood Group A, Seventy-Four were Blood Group B and Two Hundred and Seven were Blood Group O.4ml of blood was collected into plain bottles from eachSubject. Cell grouping (tube method) and haemolysin screening test were carried out after clot retraction. Blood group O has the highest percentage incidence of beta (β) haemolysin (14.5%) followed by Blood group A (13.9%) while blood group B has higher percentage incidence of alpha haemolysin (10.8%) than Group O (8.2%), and Group O has 2.4% αβ haemolysin and all their titres were less than or equal to 16. This shows that despite the averagely high incidence of alpha and beta haemolysins among the pregnant women in this part of the country, there has been no report of Heamolytic Disease of New-born (HDN) and/or still birth due to ABO incompatibility between mother and fetus, which could be as a result of low titre of these haemolysins and a suggestion that most of the haemolysins are of IgM type. This study also suggests that pregnancy enhances the production of beta haemolysin than that of alpha haemolysin.

Keywords: incidence, alpha and beta haemolysins, pregnant women, Ado-Ekiti.

Title: Incidence of Alpha (α) And Beta (β) Haemolysins and Their Titres among Pregnant Women in Ado-Ekiti, South-West, Nigeria

Author: Thompson Joseph Akinbolaji

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Malaria remains one of the most pressing health problems in the world with an estimated 300-500 million cases annually of which 90% occur in Africa (1). In Africa it is estimated that 40% of fevers are due to malaria. (2). It the leading infectious cause of childhood worldwide and claims the lives of 1.5 – 2.7 millions persons each year, and there is no vaccine to prevent malaria, thus the disease continues to be a major international health problem despite usage of treatment through different protocols and guidelines. Sudan contributes most of the malaria cases in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region(3,). Endemicity ranges from holo-endemicty in the South, hypo-endemicity in the North and epidemic-prone in Central Sudan [4-5].

The main vector is Anopheles arabiensis and dominant parasite is Plasmodium falciparum which is more than 90% followed by Plasmodium vivax, which is now increasing especially in the eastern parts of Sudan. The situation is further aggravated by the spread of chloroquine resistant P. falciparum, increasing insecticide resistance of vectors and inaccessibility of many areas, particularly in the South.

Title: Malaria Prevalence and Treatment Seeking Behavior in East Gezira Locality – Sudan (2008)

Author: Dr. abdalhafeez osman mahmoud

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The antibacterial activity of three local Yemeni honey brands (Sidr, Maraiy and Somor honey) and antibiotics (Gentamicin and Doxycyclinehyclate) were investigated by agar well diffusion method against four standard bacteria isolates; Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25619 (P. aeruginosa) and Salmonella abony ATCC6017 (S. abony) and comparative these with the effectiveness of antibiotics blended with honey on the growth of all used standard bacteria. All diluted honey brands (25%, 50% and 75%) inhibit growth of 3 standard bacteria (S. abony, S. aureus then E. coli), while P. aeruginosa gave moderate growth with effect on its pigment production. The inhibitory effect of Gentamicin on test organisms was inhibit growth of S. aureus (17.5 mm), S. abony (15 mm) and P. aeruginosa (6.5 mm). Mixture of Gentamicin and honey brands showed maximum inhibitory zones (sensitivity) with S. abony and S. aureus then P. aeruginosa were 32, 30 and 16 mm; respectively. Whereas Doxycycline hyclate was not effective on the tested organisms except S. aureus which showed high sensitivity (30-32 mm) when blended Doxycycline hyclate with samples of honey. The obtained results in this study approved mixture of honey and antibiotics having antibacterial potency able to establish valuable inhibition zones in vitro and they were higher in inhibition values than the reference drugs. In conclusion, honey  (a natural product) could effectively complement standard antibiotics, especially in cases of pathogenic infections in wounds in general and in burn wounds in particular, with beneficial healing effects.

Keywords: Yemeni honey, Antibiotics blended with honey, Pathogenic organisms.

Title: Effectiveness of Antibiotics Blended With Honey on Some Pathogenic Bacteria Species

Author: Salwa H. Alkhyat, Maher Ali Al.Maqtari

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: gfp is a natural fluorescent protein derived from the jellyfish aequorea victoria. The mutagenesis of gfp has produced many variants with different spectral properties, which are used both as donors and acceptors of fluorescent resonance energy transfer. Fret is a mechanism by which energy is transferred from one fluorophore to another, and widely used to estimate distances between probes on the scale of 2 to 10 nm.

The aims of this project were to engineer an intra molecular fret construct (cfp-yfp) with a linker containing a trypsin cleavage site was prepared to check the absorption and fluorescence spectra. Then the fret efficiency was determined by proteolysis assay and acceptor photo bleaching by a laser. On removal of the acceptor the peak of the donor fluorescence was increased in both cases. However, the efficiency of fret in the photo bleaching experiment (0.25) was much lower than the efficiency of fret obtained from the proteolysis assay (0.47). This suggests that the laser destroyed donor cfp to some extent, and therefore this method should not be used in cell biology experiments without appropriate correction.

Keywords:  FRET, GFP, CFP, YFP, Photo bleaching, and Proteolysis assay.

Title: GFP FRET PROBE

Author: Iman Ajeyan AlAjeyan, Prof. Clive Bagshaw

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: To study vaccination coverage in 0-5 year. Age group in urban slums of Raipur city.

Methods:  Retrospective, cross-sectional observational study of 407 children of 0-5 yr. age group in various slums of Raipur city.

Period of study:  1 year (September 2010-September 2011)

Results: In 0 to 5 year age group BCG vaccination coverage was 98%, DPT1, OPV1 – 96.1%; DPT2, OPV2-94.4%; DPT3,OPV3- 78.8%; measles 89%; DPT and OPV booster 40% and DT coverage was 3.9%; First dose of oral vitamin A was given to 48.3% subjects, 52% were fully immunized and 48% was partially immunized.

Conclusions: In urban slums of Raipur city vaccination coverage in 0-5 year. age group falls sharply as age of child progresses.

Keywords: Urban slums, Raipur city, vaccination coverage.

Title: VACCINATION COVERAGE IN URBAN SLUMS OF RAIPUR CITY

Author: Dr. Deepti Singh

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Peptic ulcer embraces both gastric and duodenal ulcers and has been a major threat to the world’s population over the past two centuries, with a high morbidity and substantial mortality. The aim of study was to determine the prevalence rate of Peptic ulcer in patients of different age groups and to find out the treatment of peptic ulcer with the suitable combination therapy.

A standardized data collection form was designed for the purpose of conducting this study which was filled after the verbal communication with the patients. Questions related to prevalence and management of peptic ulcer were added and data was collected & results were presented in tabular & graphical form.

Prevalence of Peptic ulcer in Fifty Patients suffering from Peptic ulcer was observed by examining their profiles and Test reports. Prevalence of patients suffering from peptic ulcer (in different age groups) was found. There was a high incidence in 33-48years age group (42%).The predominant causes are infection with Helicobacter pylori and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

The prevalence of peptic ulcer in fifty male and female patients suffering from peptic ulcer disease was observed, there was high incidence in age group 33-48 years (42%). It was found that Most of the patients (46%) were suffering from NSAIDS induced peptic ulcer and triple therapy regimen for 7-14 days consisting of proton pump inhibitors, cytoprotective agents and antibiotics was mostly prescribed by physician to patients which was very effective and patients were satisfied with their medication therapy. The effectiveness of Combination therapy was observed in management of peptic ulcer disease in fifty male & female patients which was (100%).

Keyword: Peptic ulcer, Prevalence, Management, Combination Therapy, Recovery of Patients.

Title: Prevalence and Management of Peptic Ulcer with combination therapy

Author: Hira Rehman, Saira, Mariam Zaka

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Now a day’s peoples are suffering with lot of diseases due to environmental conditions. At present scenario lot of viral diseases spread throughout the world. Recently we done survey on various diseases like malaria, typhoid, dengue fever. From the survey we carry the 100 member counseling done in head quarter hospital, Gollaguda, Nalgonda dist. for every 100 member 28 persons suffering with malarial fever, in the same way for every 100 member 5 persons are suffered with typhoid. In such a way every 100 member 6 persons are suffered with dengue fever. As usually we done survey in remote area people’s ratio contrast with urban people somewhat ratio is high so we consider urban peoples survey.

Keywords: survey of diseases, Typhoid, Malarial fever, dengue fever.

Title: RECENT SURVEY ON MALARIA, TYPHOID FEVER, DENGUE FEVER

Author: K.praveenkumar, Goli.venkateshwarlu, M.Anjaneyulu, E.sumathamma, CH.sony, K.Ankitha

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Ancient days peoples are necessarily depend on herbal treatment. But chronic diseases are eradicated with only herbal drugs. At present uncurable diseases are day by day enhanced. For this lavendula plant specially useful in typhoid, diphtheria, and against for bacterial diseases. Especially these drugs eliminate the stress condition. Now a day’s youngsters easily bending for stress conditions and suppress the headache, fat levels, body pains, myalgia. This plant used in the preparation of the beverages, herbal tea, flavouring agent. This plant also called as Queen of tree.

Keywords: Lavendula Angustifolia, Pharmacological Activity, Flavouring Agent, Fragrant Agent.

Title: Traditional and Ayurvedic Uses of Lavendula Angustifolia

Author: K.praveenkumar, Goli.venkateshwarlu, M.Anjaneyulu, E.sumathamma, CH.sony, K.Ankitha

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Anthropometric measurements vary in different races, sex and age groups. Stature is one of the various parameters of identification. The objective of the present study was to correlate the head length and stature. The present study was conducted on 200 children from BEST residential school in Bellary. Height and head length were measured and Pearson correlation was used to see correlation. Head length and height are positively correlated among boys and girls and it is statistically highly significant. When both boys and girls were combined it also showed positive correlation which is statistically highly significant. This study shows that there is a strong association between height and head length. Simple regression equations generated from head length can be a supplementary approach for stature estimation when extremities are not available and will be useful for anatomists, archaeologists, anthropologists and forensic scientists.

Keyword: Stature; Height; Head Length; Anthropometry; Correlation.

Title: CORRELATION OF STATURE IN RELATION TO HEADLENGTH IN CHILDREN

Author: Dr. Vinitha G, Dr. Sampada P Kadadi, Dr. Mallikarjun M, Dr. Jayprakash B R

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Our review of the literature revealed that two types of health status measures, which we classify as direct and indirect, appear to meet the criteria stated above. Whereas health status is measured in terms of the respondents' functional capacity, illness level, or perceived level of health in the direct measures, health status is inferred from the level of use of health service or expenditures for care in the indirect measures. This article is based on indirect measures, e.g. Availability of government provided health services in per lakh population. Like District Hospitals, Civil Hospitals, Community Health Centres (CHCs), Primary Health Centres (PHCs), Number of working Doctors & Nurses, Number of Doctors & Nurses in per lakh population, Number of Health Centres & beds in per lakh population and Life Expectancy Rate.  This article contained comparative analysis of health status among 16 districts of Chhattisgarh state using of availability of district wise health facility indicators. Without good health convenience we cannot get better health status of any country, State or any particular area. The health status of Kanker district is best and Durg district is most poor among the 16 districts of Chhattisgarh state in health facilities. But in district wise life expectancy rate, Durg district rate is better than other districts. 

Keywords:  Health status of Chhattisgarh state, District wise health status of Chhattisgarh, PHCs, CHCs, Life expectancy of Chhattisgarh state.

Title: District Wise Comparative Analysis of Health Facilities in Chhattisgarh State

Author: Firoj Kumar Sonwani

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the perceptions of third-year nursing students about OSCE as a new clinical assessment method.  Methodology:  Cross sectional study was carried out on the students who participated in the OSCE.  Data was collected from 55 nursing students by a Self–explanatory questionnaire immediately after students completed the examination.  Results: 87.3% of the students agreed that task performance during OSCE was educational and interesting; the majority of the students (89.1%) preferred OSCE over other forms of assessments. However, 78% perceived OSCE to be a stressful experience and the preparation requires considerable effort by both students and faculties. Students, also were asked to rate the different assessment methods in terms of degree of learning, fairness and difficulty. The results revealed that the majority of the students (67.3%) reported that they prefer OSCE over the traditional evaluation methods. Furthermore, 43.6% of the students considered OSCE fairer and 50.9% students believed that OSCE is the easiest method of assessment as compared to the other formats.

Conclusion: OSCE was accepted and perceived positively by undergraduate nursing students as a new method to assess clinical skills. Certain negative perception such as stress was highlighted, which could be managed through better orientation and preparations.

Keywords:  OSCE, Student Perception, Clinical Assessment Method, competency.

Title: Nursing Students Perceptions of an Objectives Structured Clinical Examination

Author: Dr. Wajed Hatamleh, Dr. Zeinab Abu Sabeeb

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The objective of my study was to determine the effectiveness of the combination between Mckenzie techniques and therapeutic exercises, targeting the cervical regions, for treatment of cervicogenic headache. The Mckenzie techniques were series of retraction exercises done every two hours and progressed as needed. The combination between Mckenzie techniques and the therapeutic exercises has initiated from the first treatment session starting by activation of deep cervical flexors and extensors, increasing their endurance capacity, passing through stretching exercises for several muscles and mobility exercises for the upper cervical segments especially the atlanto-occipital joint, and ending by higher level strength and endurance. A 27-year-old male with a primary complaint of left-side sub occipital and occipital,  severe intermittent pain. The patient met the criteria for cervicogenic headache as by Sjaastad and Fredriksen. He was functionally limited in driving, watching TV, and moving-around for prolonged period, and participating in gymnasium exercises. Two more scales were used; “Numeric Pain Scale” to measure the episodes prior to each session, and “neck disability index”. The first and third scales were completed in the first and last sessions to show the difference in the functional activities. The patient reported a significant decrease in his headache episodes and intensity, and demonstrated an increase in the functional activities. A solid treatment program deals with the mechanical deformities and muscle impairments in the cervical region, may results in long-term relief of CGH.

Keywords: Cervicogenic headache, Exercises, Mckenzie.

Title: Mckenzie method complemented with exercises program for long-term cervicogenic headache management: A Case Report

Author: Adel Ali Al-khamis

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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