Vol 3 Issue 2 October 2015-March 2016

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of corporate board size and promoter ownership on firm value for selected Indian companies. The study analyses the corporate governance structure of 100 Indian firms listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange using multiple regression analysis. The empirical findings showed a positive relationship of board size and promoter ownership with firm value. The research has been limited to some selected Indian companies, with focus only on board size and promoter ownership as predictor variables.

Keywords: board size, promoter ownership, corporate governance.

Title: Effect of Board Size and Promoter Ownership on Firm Value: A Study of Indian Companies

Author: Gurmeen kaur

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Indonesia is one of the fastest growing developing countries in Southeast Asia and has a bright future, as it is estimated to become the 10th largest economy in the world by 2020. In the year 1995, together with several ASEAN leaders, the then president of Indonesia signed the WTO Agreement in Geneva, Switzerland. By joining the WTO Agreement, Indonesia established common markets (free trade zone) with several other countries in its region and agreed to follow WTO principles. The first common market came into force 2 years later. Indonesia entered into the China – ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA). The result was unsatisfactory. In the year 2012, it is noted that its balance of payments has a minus with the total amount of US$ 7 Billion in trading activity against China. What is the main problem behind this number? It is found that there are 11 industrial sectors which are most affected by the establishment of CAFTA. The industrial sectors are steel, textiles, jute, horticulture, machinery and equipment, electronics, furniture, toys, foods and beverages, and shoes. Further, it is found that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in each sector cannot compete with China’s products both at the local and global market because of lack of knowledge about standardization. Ultimately, if there is no further solution, these sectors are going to collapse. In order to compete with foreign products in FTA, SMEs in Indonesia have to adopt and establish ISO as a guideline in their business activities so that they are able to exist for supplying both the local market and the global market, especially in the CAFTA region. This can be accomplished by several kinds of strategy and of course with the support of the government of Indonesia. There are several steps suggested, such as identifying the availability of international standards for 11 industrial sectors, accelerating identical adoption of ISO to Indonesian standards (SNI), analysis of industrial competences, analysis of conformity assessment bodies’ competences, analysis of national differences, market operation - technical regulation,  and educating consumers as the final users.

Keywords: CAFTA; ISO International Standards; Dismantling Trade Barriers; Indonesian SMEs.

Title: Roles of International Standards in Indonesian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Context of CHINA-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA)

Author: Sunny O. Temile (Nigeria), Dadang Prasetyo Jatmiko (Indonesia)

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper discusses the possible consequences of the recent devaluation of the Chinese Renminbi by the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) with reference to the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997. The Chinese dragon has emerged as the most powerful Communist Force in the Southeast Asian economy. Chinese economy has grown by leaps and bounds since 1990. Since the devaluation, markets worldwide have lost confidence with the Shanghai Stock Exchange in a frenzy downslide. With stock markets on the decline, the paper, in the wake of the Asian Financial Crisis that started around 1997, tries to establish any possible similarity to the said crisis.

Keyword: Yuan, Devaluation, Chinese Economy, Asian Financial Crisis.

Title: Yuan Devaluation: Trigger for a Crisis?

Author: Nikhil Ashok Hegde

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: As interest in own brand continues to mount, FMCG manufacturers are responding by developing ranges or a brand hierarchy which closely follows that currently going on within the own brand landscape. In emerging markets, smaller, value pack sizes have been successfully leveraged to recruit a wider spectrum of shoppers

The power of private labels is being explored by most retailers today as they do not want to be at the mercy of the big manufacturers. Private labels are generally introduced to get higher gross margins from branded products. They also place the retailer at an advantage over the branded FMCG players who have historically been arrogant with the retailers.

Decision making in a Private Label strategy is neither easy nor generic. It requires high customization in each country, region and category. The diversity of decision making in Private Label operations may vary from ‘Why’ to ‘Why not’, In the Indian context too we need to ask both these questions.

Keywords: Private labels, Store brands, retail mix strategy, retailing, and customer loyalty.

Title: Private Labels: A Changing Perspective in Indian Retailing

Author: Ms. Pooja Dhaktod, Dr. Shiney Chib

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Change is inevitable. This is especially true in our modern society where change occurs more rapidly than before. Change management has now become a critical part of any organization. Organizations that were world leaders five or six years ago are nowhere to be seen because they failed to adopt to change. However, adopting change is not an easy task and involves a multitude of factors that must be considered before any change takes place. Fortunately, there are a lot of models/methodologies available that cater to the needs of change within an organization. This paper reviews four popular change management methodologies for the context of this study, i.e., role of change management in the successful roll out of IT projects at Malaysian Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs). This paper also considers the objectives of the Malaysian Education Blueprint (MEB) proposed by the Ministry of Higher Education. This paper finally suggests a change management methodology that is best suited for implementing required changes related to IT projects at IHLs.

Keywords: roll out of IT projects at Malaysian Institutes, Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs).

Title: Role of Change Management in the Successful Roll-Out of IT Projects: A Case Study of Higher Learning Institutes in Malaysia

Author: Mehran Qadri, Mohammad Khalid Hussain, Abdul Rahman Bin Ahmad Dahlan

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: We investigated the control variables which are also commonly used as determinants of firm-leverage such as firm-tangibility, firm-size and liquidity to determine the firms financing choice in Nigeria.  Nevertheless, from our empirical observation we discovered that some of the modern finance-theories that are currently used in explaining capital structure determinants in developed economies are also appropriate for firms in Nigeria.

However, this research employ the most commonly used determinant of capital structure to examine the firm financing choice in Nigeria by investigating 10 firms quoted on the Nigeria stock market between the period of 2007-2011 using Ordinary Least Square. Specifically, the data analysis revealed, that Firm-Tangibility and Liquidity are negatively correlated to quoted firms examined while; firm-size is found to be positively related to firm leverage.

Keywords: firm-tangibility, firm-size, liquidity, firms financing choice.

Title: Firms Financing Choice in an Emerging Economy: The Nigerian Context

Author: SUNNY O. TEMILE (NIGERIA), DADANG PRASETYO JATMIKO (INDONESIA), OSAMUYIMEN EGBON (NIGERIA)

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The word “Entrepreneur” is derived from the French word Entreprendre which means a person who undertakes the task of bringing together various resources and manages them to achieve desired results and takes some share. Entrepreneur is a highly respected word in the developed world. She is an important change agent in every society. She bridges the gap between plan and reality. To an economist, an Entrepreneur is one who brings resources, labour, materials and other assets into combinations that make their value greater than before, and also one who introduces changes, innovations and a new order.  To a businessman, an Entrepreneur appears as a threat, an aggressive competitor, whereas to another businessman, the same entrepreneur may be  an ally, a source of supply, a customer or someone who creates wealth for others, as well as finds better ways to utilize  resources, reduce waste, and produce jobs others are glad to get.

Keywords: Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship, women Entrepreneurship.

Title: CHALLENGES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

Author: Dr. (Mrs). T.Tamil selvi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The Right to Information refers to the right of every citizen of the state to access information under the control of public authorities consistent with public interest. The main objective of providing information is not only to promote openness, transparency and accountability in administration but also to ensure participation of people in all the matters related to Governance. This paper examines the awareness of information act among the college students.

Keywords:  transparency, accountability, democratic governance, fundamental human right.

Title: AWARENESS OF RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT AMONG THE COLLEGE STUDENTS OF PERIYAR E.V.R. COLLEGE, TIRUCHIRAPPALLI

Author: DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The mobile services sector in Kenya has become one of the most robust industries in Kenya. However, this industry has witnessed an extremely skewed competitive position among its three licensed mobile service providers. The study used explanatory variables drawn from reviewed literatures’ to create a conceptual framework on influence of entrepreneurial orientation on competitive advantage so as to determine to what extent this skewed competitive position was being influenced by entrepreneurial orientation. A sample size n=291 was obtained from a systematic random sample of customers visiting mobile service providers’ customer service centers in Nairobi through a cross-sectional survey. A firm’s perceived entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage was measured using a set of questionnaires administered by the researcher on face to face with the participants. The data collected was analyzed quantitatively and the findings represented using narrations, tables and figures. Multiple linear regressions models were used to describe the relationship of the observed firm’s competitive advantage and its perceived entrepreneurial orientation. The findings showed statistically significant difference in the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on competitive advantage among the mobile service providers in Kenya; t = 25.517, p< .001, and confidence interval 99% to conclude that there was evidence to support the claim that entrepreneurial orientation among mobile service providers in Kenya influenced their competitive advantage.

Keywords: Competitive advantage, entrepreneurial orientation, innovativeness, risk-taking, pro-activeness.

Title: Influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Competitive Advantage among Mobile Service Providers in Kenya

Author: Geoffrey Gitau, Elegwa Mukulu, John Kihoro

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The transformation in the financial Institutions over the past decades have resulted to several new products one among them is bancassurance which is the distribution of insurance products through a banks channel. Using three major variables i.e.  Profitability, liquidity and customer base, this study sought to examine the concept of bancassurance and its effects on the performance of insurance companies in Kenya. It sought to show how bancassurance has impacted on these financial aspects of insurance companies. The researcher made use of theory of economies of scale, theory of financial intermediation and Modern Portfolio theory to show qualify several elements of these variables. A descriptive research design was adopted in this study to enable the study to generalize the findings to a larger population. The study targeted all the 10 registered insurance companies in Kenya doing bancassurance.  Specifically, 87 respondents were chosen so as to reduce redundancies of data collected without compromising comprehensiveness of the same. Use of questionnaires was employed in the study and the collected data was analyzed using SPSS. The tests were conducted at 95% level of confidence (α=0.05). Regression analysis was also conducted to establish if there were any relationship between the dependent and independent variables. From the study, it was found out that with the adoption of bancassurance, the organizations had witnessed rising sales in turn resulted to increased profitability of insurance firms. On customer base, the findings indicated that an increase in the number of clients in each product bundle market reduces fees that increasing customer base. It was also found out that Bancassurance enhances increase of a firm’s liquidity. The study concluded that tying up with banks is the rational route for insurers to take for achieving extensive physical spread and countrywide customer access. Further, bancassurance adoption results to reduced operational costs since it enhances an efficient sharing channel with higher productivity and lower costs than customary distribution channels.

Keywords: Bank, Insurance Firm, Bancassurance & Performance.

Title: Effects of Bancassurance on Performance of Insurance Firms in Kenya

Author: Edah Chepkoech, Jane Omwenga (PhD)

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Soft drink companies are employing different market penetration strategies to increase organizational growth. The aim of the research study was to study the strategies employed by the soft drink companies and their success in penetrating the Kenyan market. This research was guided by the following objectives: to find out the extent to which penetration pricing strategy influence organization growth, the extent to which market promotion influences organizational growth, the extent to which distribution channels influences organization growth and to examine the extent to which product improvement strategy influences organizational growth in the soft drink sector. Stratified random sampling technique was employed. A sample of 160 soft drink companies was randomly selected for the study. Data was collected and analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Correlation analysis was used to describe the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. The results indicated that penetration strategies have a relationship with organizational growth. Penetration pricing strategy was negative and doesn’t have a strong impact on organizational growth. Promotional strategies on the other hand is key because it positively affects organizational growth, distribution channel do not directly determine the organizational growth because it had a negative relationship hence companies have to add on distribution channels and incorporate other strategies to gain organizational growth. The correlation result indicates a weak positive relationship between product improvement strategies and organizational growth. The researcher recommended that all the strategies are a prerequisite for organizational growth and they complement each other.

Keywords: Market penetration strategy, Organization growth, penetration pricing strategy, Promotion, Distribution channels and Product improvement.

Title: Market Penetration Strategies and Organizational Growth: A Case of Soft Drink Sector in Kenya

Author: NJOMO GIDEON WAINAINA, MARGARET OLOKO

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: In Resource Based viewpoint theory (RBV), the resources possessed by a firm are the primary determinants of its performance. The resources may remain latent until the firm deploy its capabilities, with these may contribute to a sustainable competitive advantage. RBV in Human resource management aims in providing justification for attaching importance to especially talent management and aid in enhancing the value of the HR contribution in achieving competitive advantage by strategically fitting and bundling as HR best practices. Outsourcing is built from an organization that lacks Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, Organized resources and capabilities thus seeks for an external provider in order to overcome that weakness. In outsourcing, Firm’s performance in the marketplace depends on the different characteristics of the industry in which it compete and through innovation, persistent improvement and management of relationship with external entities may lead to sustain competitive advantage and be above average performance.

Keywords: Outsourcing, Competitive advantage and Resource based view theory.

Title: Features of Resource Based View Theory: An Effective Strategy in Outsourcing

Author: Maina Charity Mweru, Maina Tirus Muya

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Purpose of the study: This study sets out to examine the factors affecting the Subscription to Mobile Banking by JKUAT University Students. The study focused on the following objectives: perceived benefits, compatibility, performance risk and social risk as factors affecting the subscription to mobile banking by Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) university students focusing on the M-shwari service. Research methodology:  A descriptive survey was adapted to target all 2,850 university students in JKUAT who were subscribers to the M-shwari service. The research sample size consisted of 72 university students in JKUAT. The sampling technique used was snowballing sampling technique which involved 72 participants. Questionnaires were the main tool for data collection. A pilot study was conducted using 30 university students in campus. It enabled the researcher to improve on reliability of the instrument used and familiarize researcher with data collection process. Data obtained was both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data was coded and keyed into an SPSS package for statistical analysis. Qualitative data was put under themes consistent with research objectives. The results for data analysis were presented in form of frequency tables, pie charts and bar graphs. Findings: The study revealed that the main perceived benefits of M-shwari by the JKUAT students were: time saving, cost saving and convenience. It was also established that the M-shwari services were compatible with the students’ current banking needs and that the mobile banking M-shwari service did not have a high impact on the students’ social status among friends and family members. Recommedations: The study recommends that M-shwari should increase the number of mobile banking services it offers to its consumers. This will ensure services are not just limited to borrowing and saving money, thus the likelihood of increasing the number of subscribers using this service.

Keywords: Application, Compatibility, Innovation, Perceived, Prepay, Salient, Self-efficacy, Social Norms, Subscribers and Subscription.

Title: Factors Affecting the Subscription to Mobile Banking By JKUAT University Students: A Case of M-Shwari in Kenya

Author: Mwithaga. F.W., Muturi. W

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this project was to establish the factors affecting the financial performance of Sacco’s in Kiambu County. The objectives of the study that were used were loan default, dividend policy and membership size of the Sacco’s. This research involved the use of a descriptive design. The research focused on all the 12 Sacco’s in Kiambu County licensed by SASRA the regulatory body by the end of 2014. The study was based on data published from the audited annual reports of the Sacco’s and covered a period of 5 years from 2010-2014. Quantitative data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS version 17 and presented through percentages, mean, standard deviation with the key independent variables being Return on Assets and Return on Equity. The study found out that dividend policy and membership affected positively the financial performance of Sacco’s whereas loan default negatively affected the financial performance. The linear regression analysis shows a relationship, R = 0.713 and R2 = 0.509 which means that 50.9% of the corresponding change in Return on Assets can be explained by Membership, loan default and dividend policy. The beta coefficients indicated the relative importance of each independent variable (Membership, loan default and dividend policy) in influencing the dependent variable (ROA). Dividend policy was the most important in influencing Return on Assets since it has the highest beta value (beta= -0.458). The second most influential is the Loan default with a beta value (beta= -0.385). Membership had the weakest influence on ROA with a beta value (beta=0.201). The findings of the study recommended that the Sacco should work towards joining the credit reference bureau and to educate their members in prompt payment. It also recommended that the Sacco should take insurance covers for the loans to reduce the loan losses. The Sacco should aim on boarding more members to their Sacco thus will increase the members saving and also expand on the investment avenue so as to establish a consistent way of paying the dividend.

Keywords: Loan default, Dividend Policy, Membership Size and financial performance.

Title: Factors Affecting Financial Performance of Savings and Credit Co-Operative Societies: Case Study Kiambu County

Author: NJIHIA Annitah Wanjiru, DR. MUTURI Willy

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

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Abstract: The hotel and hospitality business is made up of skilled workers responsible for the provision of food, accommodation and other services. Standards for the service delivery must be kept high at all times to ensure customer satisfaction. One of the crucial challenges for the human resource management in the hospitability sector is how to align the staffing needs with the strategic goals of the institution and contend with an environment of increased competition and growing demands in the hospitality sector. In view of this, there is the need to identify and tackle the challenges that hamper the delivery of quality services. Ideally, business enterprises should have a clearly defined strategy and set of objectives that direct and drive all the decisions made for training and developmental decisions. Firms that plan their training and development process are more successful than who do not. Most importantly, they normally do not face daunting problems and challenges that are likely to be encountered otherwise. A well-conceived training and development program can help a firm to succeed. A program structured with the company’s strategy and objectives in mind has a high probability of detecting challenges such as human resource requirements for that training and development program, using the appropriate training technique. In view of the above importance of training and development, this study found out the training and development practices in KNUST and SNNIT Guest Houses and the problems and challenges associated with it, evaluate the relative importance of the various training systems and examine how training and development affect productivity in Guest Houses. Descriptive research design was employed with Stratified and convenient sampling methods. After administering questionnaire and conduction of interviews, data was collected and analyzed. It was found out that, majority of respondents rated training as important to their duties at work. The major problems that influence the need for training and development were found to be significant customer activities, fast changing business, new and growing businesses. Majority of the respondents however mentioned significant customer service as the challenge that influences training. Form the researchers recommendations, management at both guest houses must always ensure effective training and development techniques devoid of challenges, since the employees rated training and development as key to productivity. The quality of employees and their development through training and education are major factors in determining long-term profitability of businesses. If companies hire and keep good employees, it is good policy to invest in the development of their skills, so they can increase their productivity. Training often is considered for new employees only. This is a mistake because ongoing training for all employees helps them adjust to rapidly changing job requirements.

Keywords:  Staff Training, Customer satisfaction, Job requirements, Human resource, Strategic goals.

Title: Staff Training and Development in the Hospitality Industry, Problems and Challenges – A Comparative Study of SSNIT and KNUST Guest Houses at Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana

Author: Grace Acquaful, Victor Dedume, Stella Appiah

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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