Vol 14 Issue 2 April 2026-June 2026

Abstract: The companies within construction and allied sector listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange are crucial to Kenya's economy, contributing to job creation and infrastructure. However, they face declining profitability, with statistical data showing revenue drops for many firms’ financial year. Overall, profitability has decreased, with average margins falling significantly. Additionally, market capitalization has dropped for the last few years, raising investor concerns. In addition, many of these firms are grappling with elevated debt levels. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of inventories on profitability of construction and allied companies listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The study employed casual research design. A time series model was applied. The 5 companies operating within this sector formed the unit of analysis whereby their profitability was analysed for a period ranging from 2021 to 2025. The collection of data was done using secondary data collection sheet. The analysis of the data was subjected to descriptive analysis using minimum and maximum values, mean and standard deviation. The relationship amongst variables was achieved by using inferential statistical analysis including correlation and regression analyses methods. The diagnostics tests done included; normality test, multicollinearity test and heteroscedasticity test and linearity test. The inventories of these companies were found to be statistically and significantly related with their profitability. The study concludes that proper management of inventories leads to streamlined operations and enhanced general financial strength of construction companies. The study recommends that the companies should embrace technology that can be used in improving the management of inventories through digital tools and software that can streamline the monitoring of materials and equipment.

Keywords: Inventories, Working Capital Management, Profitability.

Title: EFFECT OF INVENTORIES ON PROFITABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION AND ALLIED COMPANIES REGISTERED UNDER NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE, KENYA

Author: Rumana Dahir Adan, Dr. Moses Odhiambo Aluoch

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 140-146

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 07-May-2026

Abstract: The implementation of the Last Mile Connectivity Project by the Kenya Power and Lighting Company in Nyeri County, Kenya, has encountered significant challenges, including low connection rates, project delays, and cost overruns, thereby limiting its effectiveness in expanding electricity access. This study examined the influence of project cost management on the implementation of these projects, focusing on cost estimation, cost budgeting, and cost control.

The study was anchored on planning theory, the triple constraint theory, and scheduling theory, and adopted a descriptive research design. A census approach was used to include all 67 respondents comprising project managers and project team members. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, with validity and reliability confirmed through pilot testing, construct and content validation, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that project cost estimation (β = 0.512, p = 0.004), cost budgeting (β = 0.362, p = 0.002), and cost control (β = 0.281, p = 0.003) all have a statistically significant positive effect on project implementation. Cost estimation emerged as the strongest predictor, highlighting the importance of accurate forecasting and contingency planning. The study concludes that effective cost management enhances resource allocation, minimizes delays, improves financial accountability, and strengthens stakeholder trust, thereby improving implementation outcomes. The study recommends enhanced stakeholder engagement during planning, adoption of robust cost monitoring systems, integration of risk management frameworks, and comprehensive upfront budgeting to improve project performance. These findings contribute to the understanding of cost management practices in public electrification projects and provide practical insights for improving implementation efficiency.

Keywords:  Project Cost Management, Project Implementation, Cost Estimation, Last Mile Connectivity, Rural Electrification.

Title: Optimizing Project Cost Management for Improved Implementation of Public Electrification Projects: A Case of Kenya Power Last Mile Connectivity in Nyeri County

Author: Timothy Mbuba Murithi, Morrisson Mutuku

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 132-139

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 06-May-2026

Abstract: The article clarifies the value of the Mass Education Decree in the process of transition from literacy eradication to digital knowledge universalization. On the basis of analyzing the context of its emergence and its historical values, the study affirms that the Decree established a model of mass education and the principle of ensuring people’s access to knowledge.

In the context of digital transformation, the emergence of the digital divide raises the requirement to develop digital competence as a condition for participation in socio-economic life. The article indicates that the core value of the Decree lies in the principle of organizing education in accordance with learners’ conditions of access, thereby continuing to provide orientation for digital knowledge universalization in the present period.

Keywords: Mass Education Decree; digital knowledge universalization; education; digital divide; digital competence.

Title: FROM LITERACY ERADICATION TO DIGITAL KNOWLEDGE UNIVERSALIZATION: THE VALUE OF THE MASS EDUCATION DECREE IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

Author: Ngo Thi Phuong Anh, Ngo Thi Phuong Thao

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 125-131

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 06-May-2026

Abstract: This research is motivated by the emergency state of deforestation in Indonesia, which reached 433,751 hectares in 2025, with a significant portion of the damage occurring legally within concession areas. This indicates a failure of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA/AMDAL) instruments and the ineffectiveness of administrative blacklist sanctions in curbing corporate aggressiveness in the forestry sector. This article aims to analyze the effectiveness of blacklist sanctions against companies violating EIA regulations and their impact on ecological justice for rural communities. Using a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches, this study finds that current blacklist sanctions remain a paper tiger. The primary weakness lies in the lack of inter-agency database integration and the emergence of corporate zombie reincarnation, where environmental offenders easily establish new legal entities to evade sanctions. Furthermore, the shift to a risk-based licensing paradigm following the Job Creation Law tends to degrade environmental oversight. This study proposes policy reconstruction through the implementation of a Dual Track System that integrates absolute administrative blacklist sanctions with firm criminal penalties. Progressive law enforcement must be capable of applying the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil to prosecute the intellectual actors behind corporate structures and mandate physical environmental restoration. Integrating these sanctions is crucial to breaking the chain of impunity and ensuring sovereignty over natural resources for the justice of local communities.

Keywords: Deforestation, EIA (AMDAL), Blacklist, Corporate Reincarnation, Dual Track System.

Title: The Effectiveness of Legal and Administrative Blacklist Sanctions Against Companies Violating AMDAL (A Study of Forestry Natural Resources Conservation Policy in Indonesia)

Author: Udin, Martalib, Sri Susi Rahayu, Aman Nurkholis, Totok Handono, Muhammad Basir, Mustofa Kamil

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 117-124

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 06-May-2026

Abstract: The Nairobi County healthcare sector in Kenya, has encountered substantial interruptions owing to recurrent industrial movements and healthcare professionals going for strikes. These disruptions have led to substantial losses due to increased employee absenteeism, low productivity, decreased employee morale, and decreased level of work commitment, leading to increased turnover in Mbagathi Hospital in the City of Nairobi. These factors have contributed to inconsistent performance in Mbagathi Hospital. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the influence of job promotion on employee turnover at Mbagathi hospital in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The research used descriptive research, with Mbagathi Hospital as the unit of investigation. The research target population consisted of 837 personnel from the hospital departments, with a sample size of 271 sampled using the Yamane (1967) rule. Data collection process utilized Structured questionnaires to collect data. The research relied on primary data to aid in obtaining information. Inferential and descriptive statistics methods were utilized in analysis data. The research also incorporated the use of descriptive statistics like percentages, standard deviations, mean, and frequency counts. inferential statistics like Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis, was also used. The study concluded that coefficient of job promotion was positive (β=0.295) and substantial statistically (0.000 < 0.05). Hence, a unit enhancement in the job promotion results in 0.295 units vital improvement in the employee turnover. Hence, job promotion determines significantly employee turnover in Mbagathi Hospital, Nairobi. The study concluded that job promotions arise as a key hitherto under managed strategy for stopping turnover since of matters like unpredictable policies, stress and inadequate career improvement chances. The study recommends that the hospital ought to initiate a well-designed job promotion method. Transparency, merits grounded on promotion schemes, founded on in clear principles like performance considerations and contract, can rise retention and accomplishment by stimulating a feeling of career advancement.

Keywords: Reward Management Practice, Job Promotion, Employee Turnover.

Title: INFLUENCE OF JOB PROMOTION ON EMPLOYEE TURNOVER AT MBAGATHI HOSPITAL IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Monica Mbeke Kivaya, Dr. Hilda Felistus Makhamara

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 109-116

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 05-May-2026

Abstract: Religion is a set of beliefs and practices through which individual worship the Supreme Being (GOD). Politics is a path to democratic governance, the system allows, accept, and embrace individuals who are charismatic in controlling and managing both man and the natural endowments for the sustainability and the preservation of the environment for human existence. Differing faiths and ethnic affiliations make politics a fierce contest. Man has agreed that conflict is part of his existence. But he has not understood how to deal with it for peaceful interactions. This study adopted qualitative method to explore religion, politics and reconciliation challenges in Nigeria’s political system. Three research questions were raised: Has religion pose a threat to the reconciliation of political gladiators in Nigeria? Do the personal ambitions of political gladiators hinder political reconciliation in Nigeria? Does the Nigerian government or the ruling political party pose a threat to the reconciliation of political actors in Nigeria? The data collection involved both primary and secondary sources such as political actors’ statements, documents, religious text, media reports and other relevant sources. The findings revealed that religions pose no threat to the reconciliation of political gladiators in Nigeria. The results show that personal ambitions of political gladiators hindered political reconciliation in Nigeria. The study concluded by recommended that the politician must move from personal, regional, and identity driven politics to ideological, policy driven agendas that addresses the needs of the Nigerian citizenry irrespective of belief system, class and status.

Keywords: Development, peaceful-coexistence, politics, reconciliation, religion.

Title: Religion, Politics, and Reconciliation Challenges in Nigeria’s Political System

Author: Tajudeen Odebode ISHOLA

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 99-108

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Published Date: 04-May-2026

Abstract: Academic libraries in Nigerian federal universities face persistent challenges in providing students with effective access to electronic information resources (EIRs) for research purposes. This study examined the availability, accessibility, and utilization of EIRs by students in Federal University Gashua, Yobe State. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, with a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 150 students selected through simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, specifically frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and standard deviation. Findings revealed that e-journals (mean = 3.62), e-books (mean = 3.45), and online databases (mean = 3.40) were the most available and accessible EIRs, while physical digital media recorded very low availability scores. Poor internet connectivity (mean = 3.72) and power outages (mean = 3.65) constituted the most severe barriers to EIR access and utilization. The study concludes that structural infrastructure deficits significantly constrain student utilization of available EIRs. University management must allocate dedicated funding for internet bandwidth, power backup systems, and structured information literacy programs.

Keywords: Electronic information resources, availability, accessibility, utilization, academic library.

Title: Accessibility and Utilization of Electronic Information Resources in Library by students of Universities in Yobe State

Author: Yohanna Yudaunda Waba, Kassim Hassan, Umar Bulama Bizi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 90-98

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 04-May-2026

Abstract: Climate change continues to affect food quality and increase food insecurity across Africa. This study examined the influence of climate change adaptation strategies on household food security among farm households in Nyabihu District, Rwanda. The study was guided by four objectives: identifying adaptation strategies used by farm households, determining food security outcomes following their adoption, analyzing the causal relationship between adaptation strategies and food security, and assessing socio-economic factors moderating this relationship. A total of 409 respondents participated in the study, including 397 household heads selected randomly and 12 sector authorities selected purposively through a multistage sampling technique. Secondary data were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda and the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS version 22. The findings revealed that crop diversity (92.7%) and improved crop varieties (92.7%) were the most widely adopted adaptation strategies, with over 90% of respondents supporting them. Traditional practices such as crop rotation and mixed farming were also endorsed by more than 90% of respondents. While over 85% favored modern approaches such as short-season crops and agricultural technologies, their adoption showed variability due to unequal access. Adoption of these strategies significantly improved food security dimensions: 82.8% reported improved access, 78.5% improved utilization, 82.1% improved stability, and 80.5% increased food availability. Correlation analysis indicated strong positive relationships between adaptation strategies and food security outcomes, with coefficients for agricultural technology ranging from r = 0.76 to 0.80. Multivariate regression results confirmed that all strategies had significant effects (p < 0.05) and explained 69% to 78% of the variation (R² = 0.69–0.78), with agricultural technology showing the strongest influence (β = 0.39–0.45). Despite these positive outcomes, challenges such as limited resources, inadequate training, and financial constraints hinder full implementation, especially in rural areas. The study concludes that integrating both traditional and modern adaptation strategies is essential for enhancing food security and climate resilience. It recommends strengthening extension services, improving access to affordable inputs, investing in climate-resilient infrastructure, and promoting farmer cooperation.

Keywords: Farm Household, Climate Change, Food Security, Nyabihu District, Rwanda.

Title: Influence of Farm Household Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Food Security in Nyabihu District, Rwanda

Author: Mr. Bahufite Uwitonze Emmanuel, Dr. Eugenia Nkechi Irechukwu, Mr. Masaka Eliud

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 81-89

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Published Date: 04-May-2026

Abstract: Since Darjeeling was a colonial product, it formed part of British policy of imperialism, environmentally and physically fit for the European inhabitants. Since early days, colonial authorities recognized Darjeeling as a natural sanatorium where their sick soldiers could regain their health but over time with the growth of population, migration and tea plantations, the town became a centre of diseases where sanitation became a major concern. Therefore, this paper seeks to explore sanitary policy of colonial Darjeeling. It examines colonial sanitation and healthcare policies as social and political process rather than a genuine technical concern. It analyses municipal administrative policies which shaped urban life in Colonial Darjeeling. This research also highlights how the colonial sanitation and healthcare functioned as tool of social hierarchies, leading to class based segregation. Furthermore it explores the impact of these policies on natives, women and especially on tea labourers, revealing everyday inequalities.

Keywords: Darjeeling, sanitation, indigenous, health, racial segregation.

Title: SANITATION, SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND URBAN LIFE IN COLONIAL DARJEELING

Author: Shakher Chettri

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 78-80

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 02-May-2026

Abstract: This study examined the relationship between Customer Relationship Management Systems (CRMS) and the performance of insurance companies in Nairobi County, Kenya. Despite rapid growth in CRM adoption globally, many implementations fail due to poor planning, limited technical expertise, and weak system integration. The study focused on the influence of lead management, workflow automation, business reporting, and customer data analytics on performance. It was guided by Customer Relationship Management Theory, Sales Maximization Theory, and the Technology Acceptance Model. A descriptive research design was used, with data collected from selected insurance firms in Nairobi County using structured questionnaires. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation and multiple regression. Findings revealed that all CRMS components positively influence performance. Customer data analytics had the strongest effect, followed by business reporting, workflow automation, and lead management. Overall, CRMS adoption significantly enhances efficiency, customer engagement, decision-making, and organizational performance. The study concludes that effective use of CRMS improves insurance firm performance and recommends greater investment in integrated CRM solutions to strengthen operational efficiency and competitiveness.

Keywords: Customer Relationship Management Systems, Insurance Company Performance, Lead Management, Workflow Automation, Customer Data Analytics.

Title: Adoption of Customer Relationship Management System and Performance of Insurance Companies in Nairobi City, Kenya

Author: Martha Nyokabi Machaga, Lydia Gachengo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 69-77

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 30-April-2026

Abstract: This study examines the contribution of Inland Container Depots (ICDs) in enhancing Tanzania’s maritime trade, with a focus on Songoro ICD as a case study. Tanzania’s reliance on the Port of Dar es Salaam for maritime trade is constrained by port congestion, high transportation costs, and inadequate infrastructure, which undermine trade competitiveness and logistics efficiency. ICDs offer a strategic response by functioning as inland extensions of seaports, providing storage, customs clearance, and cargo handling facilities. A descriptive research design under a pragmatic philosophy was employed, integrating both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected from 85 respondents including ICD operators, customs officials, transporters, and freight forwarders through structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and documentary review. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative findings were thematically examined. The results demonstrate that ICDs significantly reduce port congestion, lower transport costs, and improve trade facilitation. Specifically, 86% of respondents identified ICDs as critical to maritime trade development, while over 70% rated Songoro ICD as effective or very effective in enhancing cargo clearance and logistics performance. Benefits included faster customs clearance, reduced transportation costs, and improved regional integration. However, barriers such as inadequate infrastructure, inefficient customs processes, limited investment, and slow technological adoption persist. The study concludes that ICDs are vital to Tanzania’s logistics chain and recommends targeted infrastructure development, digitalization, public–private partnerships, and policy harmonization. Addressing these challenges will enable ICDs such as Songoro to catalyze sustainable economic growth, regional trade integration, and environmental stewardship.

Keywords: Inland Container Depots (ICDs), port congestion, high transportation costs, inadequate infrastructure, cargo handling facilities., regional trade integration.

Title: The Contribution of Inland Container Depot (Icd) in Enhancing Maritime Trade in Tanzania: A Case Study of Songoro ICD

Author: Happyness Chalestine Felix

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 63-68

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 22-April-2026

Abstract: Globalization and internationalization of higher education is an important but multifaceted phenomenon whose impact has multiple effects on world educational industry. This work is a review of the article: Globalization and Higher Education: Eight Common Perceptions from University Leaders [13]. We examine the implications of this dynamic relationship in consideration of these eight factors towards globalization of university education in the 21st century.

Keywords: Globalization, Internationalization, University, HEI, 21st Century.

Title: Impacts of Globalisation on Internationalisation of Higher Education - A Review

Author: Ogbonna Nnamuchi, Amaka Nnamuchi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 48-53

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 14-April-2026

Abstract: A specialized definition of change would mean to change the traditional way such as that of an industry whose products are her graduates, especially in a new and effective way such as disruptive technology. Thus, competence of the educationist requires a high level of competency. This is where the price is paid for the crown won at last. As the Chief educationist who knows his weight aright, Henry bemoaned his position as king. The purposes of education that are accepted and the procedures used by a nation's leaders in implementing their educational programs may promote enlightenment and progress for all citizens or may perpetuate ignorance and misery or generate dangerous biases for many. In this paper the researcher explores factors necessary for sustainability of competence in the global educational system.

Keywords: Competence, Educationist, Education, Technology, disruptive, Transformative.

Title: COMPETENCE OF THE EDUCATIONIST, A MAJOR TREND IMPACTING EDUCATION

Author: Ogbonna Nnamuchi, Amaka Nnamuchi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 45-47

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 14-April-2026

Abstract: This study examined the effect of curriculum changes on students’ mathematics performance in public secondary schools in Nyabihu District, focusing on students’ outcomes, teachers’ involvement, and the influence of curriculum improvements on learning. A descriptive research design combining quantitative and qualitative approaches was used. The study involved 230 participants, including head teachers, deans of studies, teachers, and students. Teachers were selected through purposive sampling, while students were chosen using simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using content analysis for qualitative data and SPSS and Microsoft Excel for quantitative data. The findings indicate that the revised mathematics curriculum significantly improves students’ understanding and performance. Specifically, 65.6% of respondents agreed that the new curriculum enhances students’ comprehension of mathematics, with a high mean score of 4.36 (SD = 0.94). Additionally, 73.7% agreed that teacher and administrative support positively influence students’ performance, reflected in an even higher mean of 4.48 (SD = 0.89). The study further showed that teachers’ focus on implementing the curriculum improves learners’ outcomes (mean = 3.43, SD = 1.21). Similarly, students taught by teachers trained under the new curriculum demonstrated better performance (mean = 3.42, SD = 1.11). Overall, the study concluded that curriculum reforms enhance both teaching effectiveness and student achievement in mathematics. It recommends that the Rwanda Education Board (REB) and school administrators strengthen support and monitoring of curriculum implementation, while ensuring that students are well-oriented and adapt effectively to the revised teaching approaches.

Keywords: Curriculum Reforms, Learners’ Outcomes, Mathematics, Public Secondary Schools, Nyabihu District, Rwanda.

Title: Effects of Curriculum Reforms on Learners’ Outcomes in Mathematics Subjects in Public Secondary Schools in Rwanda: A Case of Nyabihu District

Author: Niyomuhoza Sabine, Dr. Andala Opiyo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 37-44

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Published Date: 09-April-2026

Abstract: In West Bengal the Lakshmir Bhandar scheme was introduced in February, 2021 aiming with empowerment of unemployed women in the age group of 25-60 years and also to alleviate poverty. The present study examines how far the scheme has achieved the objective of poverty alleviation by conducting a field survey from Howrah District of West Bengal. It also examines the contribution of Public Distribution System in alleviating poverty. The study finds that both Lakshmir Bhandar scheme and Public Distribution System help in alleviating poverty. It is estimated that the scheme, alone, reduces poverty by 5.39% and PDS, alone, reduces poverty by 2.14%.  Therefore, both Lakshmir Bhandar scheme and Public Distribution System are very much successful in alleviating poverty.

Keywords: Lakshmir Bhandar Scheme, Public Distribution System, Poverty Line, Poverty Alleviation, Regional Variation.

Title: Poverty Alleviation through Lakshmir Bhandar Scheme and Public Distribution System: A Study from Howrah District of West Bengal

Author: Dr. Manas Ghose, Arup Ghosh

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 27-36

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 06-April-2026