Vol 8 Issue 3 July 2020-September 2020

Abstract: The 21^st century has witnessed renewed political interest on aid issues. The trend is attributed to the realisation that addressing critical problems such as extreme poverty, child mortality, poor education, gender equality, maternal health and spread of diseases like HIV call for increased transfer of resources from wealthy to poor nations. However, the current global pandemic, COVID-19, has led aid donation at its peak as developed states are the most affected leading to the borrowing of loans and grants so as provide for its people. This leads to the question on if the developed nations are borrowing loans from monetary institutions such as the World Bank for survival then how are they still able to send funds to developing states at such a time as this, or could there be a hidden agenda. The purpose of this paper is to present a discussion of these concepts from existing literature on International development assistance, the motives for giving aid; various types of development assistance; foreign aid policies of key developed countries and donor institutions and agencies; the problems and opportunities associated with foreign aid.

Keywords: Aid, Donors, COVID-19, Myth.

Title: THE MYTH OF THE COVID-19 AID TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE OF KENYA

Author: Rono, I., Maina, A., Charo, P., Magoiga, E., Gisore, B.

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study focused on finding out the availability and use of school farm and other facilities in the implementation of secondary school agricultural education programmes in Migori County, Kenya. It sought to describe the available facilities and resources, and the use by students in learning school agriculture. Descriptive survey research design involving 384 agriculture students was employed. Closed-ended and open-ended questionnaires were distributed to collect data from the respondents. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 22. Descriptive statistics (bar graph, frequencies and averages) were used to do the analysis.  The study found out that certain facilities vital for the teaching and learning of agriculture do not exist at all. In cases where they exist, their uses were not satisfactory.

Keywords: Facilities, agricultural education, agricultural programmes and secondary schools.

Title: Availability and Use of School Farm and other Facilities in the Implementation of Agriculture Programmes in Secondary Schools in Migori County, Kenya

Author: Ongang’a P. Odhiambo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: From time immemorable writing skill is one of the most important tool in evaluating and assessing learners’ performance. If the learner fails to master writing skill, the overall performance also gets hindered. The purpose of this study is to analyse the achievement level of the students of Kodagu district, Karnataka with regard to writing skills in English. It also intended to identify the impact and interaction effects on the correlates of achievement.  To achieve these purposes 33 secondary schools were selected using multi stage sampling from each taluk of Kodagu District. An achievement test containing three essay type questions were conducted and was evaluated using tailor made rubric for assessing English writing skills. The data revealed that the achievement in English writing skills of standard IX students of Kodagu district is below average. It also found that there was a significant interaction effect between location of schools, type of schools and medium of instruction on English writing skills. This findings will help the secondary school fraternity to understand the importance of promoting writing skills in the learners.

Keywords: English Writing Skills, Correlates, Achievement, Rubric, Secondary schools.

Title: Achievement in English Writing Skills: Impact of Institutional Variables on Student Performance

Author: Dr. Jinny John

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Entire world is struggling to get over the impacts of the pandemic Covid-19. People are finding it difficult to continue to live and work the way they were used to. New patterns of lifestyles are being invented. In the midst of the crisis are Indian women, who have lived a life of marginalization and have rarely been included in any strategic planning and development. No method of tackling the pandemic can be considered adequate unless one tries to analyse its impact on women who comprise almost 50% of our population. This paper is an attempt to make a gendered analysis of the affect of Covid -19 on women and also to assess the response of the State through a gender perspective. Pandemic like Covid -19 is new to the world but the society needs to prepare itself for any such sudden crisis which pushes the deprived sections to the margins. A gender lens would help in the success of all plans which aim at making society more inclusive and equal.

Keywords: Pandemic, Gender, Covid-19,Care Work, Migration.

Title: COVID-19: A GENDERED ANALYSIS

Author: Madhu Jha

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The current COVID-19 pandemic has enormous repercussions for world economies. Workplace environments have been negatively impacted as a direct fallout of the crisis. Countless people are losing jobs every day, while the rest live in fear of that happening. Such a scenario increases anxieties in the workplace that cause numerous problems in the present, as well as future performance and well-being of the employees. First step towards a solution is identifying and acknowledging that a problem exists. The Workplace Anxiety Questionnaire was developed to identify employees with high levels of anxieties in the workplace. The questions are designed specifically keeping in mind the workplace and its associated apprehensions for the employee. Responses were collected from 100 employees of organizations in Delhi NCR region. The questionnaire yielded adequate reliability and validity. Scope of the Questionnaire, as well as possible contributions are discussed. Remedial steps are also mentioned which may help in reducing anxiety in employees. The questionnaire is a step toward actively engaging the workforce and ensuring a healthy workplace environment which allows few anxieties to fester.

Keywords: Covid-19, workplace, anxiety, reliability, validity, development.

Title: Development and Validation of Workplace Anxiety Questionnaire

Author: Prachi Sharma, Shreya Singh

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Community-based learning is a high impact practice which can improve student retention and engagement, and help students better absorb, retain, and transfer knowledge. This paper contains suggestions for working with community partners to offer students an authentic learning experience. Community partners or facilitators present to students with a real-life problem, a relevant question, or a research area related to the course curriculum. Over the duration of the learning period, students apply what they are studying in the curriculum to analyze the problem, reflect on what they are learning, and provide potential solutions to the community partner’s problem or need.

There are many good reasons for taking the time to offer this type of learning and especially at this time during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Working with a community partner has the benefit of bringing students into meaningful contact with future employers, customers, clients, and colleagues. Students experience higher levels of engagement and take a deeper approach to learning when they are able to apply what they are studying to address a real-world problem. They are better able to apply theory to the specific project and deeper understanding of the subject matter and relate it to the real world experiences. Students can improve on their critical thinking, problem solving, presentation, analytical, team work, and interpersonal skills. They can experience what it is like to work on real problems relevant to their discipline, and reflect on that learning in a safe and supporting environment.

In the current situation when students are at home given the effect of COVID-19, there are several problems facing the them ranging from sexual abuse, teenage pregnancies, drug and substance abuse to anxiety and mental health problems among others. Efforts to keep students productively engaged is of essence at this point in time. The paper seeks to address the most productive way in which students could be engaged within their own communities or networked to share knowledge and intern would productively engage teachers, parents and other volunteers in working with students. This concept will help address the challenge of idleness among students. There is a higher risk among learners of contracting the disease at the moment for most of them are not engaged. The paper explores more organized and productive way of engaging students in the context of COVID-19 pandemic using a multi-agency approach.  The paper has illustrated a simple methodology of implementing the programme and ensuring that learners remain safe and healthy. The paper explores ways in which all students can immerse into deep learning for life-long learning and engagement. It is evident that just a small percentage of learners are able to access online lessons but through the proposed approach, all learners including those from very remote areas would be engaged in learning.

Title: Community-Based Learning (CBL): A Solution to Managing Learning during COVID-19

Author: Dr. Julius M. Otundo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Leadership has been distinguished as one of the key components related with the achievement and failure of any institution or organization. Leadership style is the way whereby individuals are guided and persuaded by a leader to accomplish organizational or institutional objectives. It has been seen that institutions and organizations understand that for the aim of improving organizational commitment. Furthermore, to accomplish most extreme execution and effectiveness, complete consideration must be given to the leadership style of management. This is survey writing on leadership and leadership style of deans as a methodology for organizational commitment and performance in higher institution. It is in this manner presumed that organizational commitment is a significant factor for organizational performance and for this situation, for the exhibition of higher institutions.

Keywords: institution, Leadership style, organizational commitment, higher institutions.

Title: Deans’ Leadership and Organizational Commitment in Higher Education; A Review of Literature

Author: Eric Atta Quainoo, Jasmin Omary Chunga, Happiness Onesmo Lukoko

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The 1960s is a very significant period in the history of Africa as by the end of that era, most African States had achieved independence. This period also marked the end of seventy-five years of Western-European domination in the African Continent. Nevertheless, behind the veil of independence lay harsh realities of distressing developmental challenges as a result of political fragility, inappropriate institutions, unskilled human resources, rapid population growth, and the legacy of pre-colonial history. Ten years after independence, some African states experienced a deepening crisis of democracy signaled by a series of military coups as a result of tension between civilian and military leaders. A brief period of economic growth in the African States followed soon after independence however, African States quickly succumbed to economic recession from around 1969 which ballooned into a deepening economic crisis by 1979. World Bank and the International Monetary Fund offered financial support to African economies conditional to the adoption of Structural Adjustment Programmes however, two decades later these programs had failed to stimulate sustained economic growth. While it is difficult to analyze democratic governance and economic reforms in the entire African Continent, the examples of Ghana, Botswana, and Nigeria will provide a systematic assessment.

Keywords: Democracy, Democratic Governance, Economic Reforms.

Title: AN ASSESSMENT OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE AND ECONOMIC REFORMS IN POST-INDEPENDENT AFRICAN STATES: THE CASE OF GHANA, BOTSWANA AND NIGERIA

Author: Mwaniki J., Serem V., Ayuko N., Gisore B.

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Intramuros is a well-known historical site located in Manila which is visited frequently by tourists amounting to 1 million annually. Expectation, Motivation, and Behavior play a vital role on tourists’ decision making. In this study, the researchers used the connection of Expectation, Motivation, and Behavior on tourists during and after the trip. The study is quantitative in nature, utilized quota sampling, and selected tourists as the respondents. The researchers provided survey questionnaires to 300 respondents. The result shows that most of the tourists in Intramuros are aged 20 and below, female, with a college level educational background, and Filipino nationals. The result on the expectation showing respondents expect to see beautiful views and places when visiting Intramuros suggests that the tourists did meet their expectation in visiting Intramuros. In relation with motivation, majority of the respondents’ motivation to visit Intramuros are the historical places, while the lowest motivation for the respondents is to release from work and school pressure. Overall, the respondents suggest that they are motivated in visiting Intramuros. Lastly, the result on behavior shows that most of the respondents enjoyed visiting Intramuros while the lowest mean was “the visit to Intramuros exceeded my expectation”. Overall, the respondents suggest that they agree with the statements on behavior, while there is a significant difference between the age, educational attainment, expectation, and motivation. Nationality is also a factor considered to contribute to a tourist’s experience. Tourism experience program is proposed as the output of the study.

Keywords: Expectation, Motivation, Behavior and Tourist.

Title: TOURISTS’ EXPECTATION, MOTIVATION AND BEHAVIOR TOWARDS VISITING INTRAMUROS, MANILA

Author: Jenan Shane S. Revita, Andrei Caesar Amante, Dr. Ernesto C. Mandigma Jr.

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The main purpose of this research Study and analysis the design of the service indicative sign for people with special needs, and the extent to which the principles and design criteria for that mark are taken into consideration, which lead to achieving aesthetic and functional compatibility.

Through controlling the symbolic systems represented in the service indicative sign, individuals with special needs can remember, transmit, receive, and understand the service indicative message to an unprecedented degree.

Through this paper, The researcher tried to get a cognitive addition with a subjective matter that can contribute to companies and institutions related to  the designs of service indicative for people with special needs, and highlighting the basic and pivotal role of the graphic designer in expressing experience and scientific advice in designing service indicative signs that appropriate for people with special needs and achieving the aesthetic and  functional compatibility .

Keywords: (service indicative sign - Persons with Special Needs - Aesthetic and Functional Compatibility).

Title: Design standards of service indicative signs for people with special needs and their impact on achieving aesthetic and functional compatibility

Author: Amani Ramadan Mustafa Mansour Ali

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: In the current era, conflict, security and development of a state is significant to its international relations and politics. Nexus is the state of something being in connection or link that leads to more things. It is basically the focal point of something. Following this description, it is clear that conflict security and development nexus have one central point. Inter and intra state conflicts have consistently been occurring in the global south countries dating back from the colonial era. There has been a growing concern security has been made part of a state’s development in a manner that there cannot be development without security and vice versa. States have come up with policy reforms and bills to get rid of conflicts in their states. 

Development models practices in relation to peace include: Security and development which refer to the state of a country strengthening their security to prevent intensity and harm of inter and intrastate conflicts, the power of poverty trap is a state of a country being in continuous conflicts stretched the country to a point of not being able to take right measures in evading poverty hence the country consistently thriving in poverty and a cycle of terror attacks in the country. Failure of Nexus has led to countries having a collapsed central government of the state, protracted conflicts in the country, lawlessness and demobilization.

Peace building practices in many fragile states come in form of policy reforms and they include political reconciliation in the state leadership, governance programming, economic growth prioritization, crime and corruption elimination and security & development. International Relations has brought security under development hence a country has to make sure that it has stable security with reduced conflicts through implementing policies, programs and strategies of improving security and getting rid of conflicts in their states.

Rwanda is a country that experienced genocide in the 1990’s, since 1990, Rwanda had been destroyed by conflict from within and without but peace was restored and the country is progressing well in terms of development, through facilitation of various international organizations. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the reasons for the Rwandan genocide, the peace building influence on development, Rwanda’s progress, challenges and lessons learned along five thematic areas and international organizations that have facilitated the development of Rwanda

Keywords: Development, Genocide, Peace building.

Title: THE INFLUENCE OF PEACE BUILDING ON DEVELOPMENT; THE CASE OF RWANDA

Author: Nima, A., Kabiru, S., Nasri, K, Gisore, B.

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: In general, most of the materials and methods used for conservation treatments are initially designed for application in other fields and then adapted by restorers for their specific purposes , This research aims to shed light primarily on digitization which is important for the preservation of the original glass archival material  old fragile glass plate negatives and lantern slides Which is in danger of damage or loss , therefore it must be preserved by modern technology as digitization to change our perspective on collections of photographs, office services and strategic planning for them , The research deals with the importance of the process of Digitization as one of the ways to preserve and maintain the monuments and the definition of glass slides and types starting from the historical glance about them and their invention as one of the stages of the development of photography in the middle of the nineteenth century and its use even during the first quarter of the twentieth century and the definition of Projector Lantern Slides and their relationship to photo glass scalable also deals with how to use the scanner to digitize glass pieces and make copies for trading between users and how to store glass Slides and recommendations to be made for digitization, preservation and storage.

Keywords: digitization, negatives, glass, slices, projector.

Title: Digitizing Glass Plate Negatives and lantern slides

Author: Marian Ragaa, Wafika. Wahba, Mohammed Marouf, Yehia Osman Al Naquarty

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Globally the performance of many international organizations are affected to a greater extent by their level of accountability, transparency and integrity of their procurement systems and processes. Organizations are increasingly adopting the use of technology to survive in the ever increasing competition. Entities that improve their procurement function through e-procurement create a competitive advantage. While e-procurement has the potential of being a critical catalyst in the performance of international Non-Governmental organizations, not many procurement entities have fully embraced this technology even when there is major academic knowledge in the field of procurement. The proactive employment of e-procurement processes of e-ordering, e-tendering, e-awarding, and e-invoicing by the international Non-Governmental organizations is a necessary condition for ensuring excellent organizational performance. This paper demonstrates that e-procurement is key in creating the efficacy and effectiveness in the delivery of services among the international NGOs. The e-procurement processes including e-ordering, e-tendering, e-awarding, and e-invoicing had significant influence on the performance of international NGOs with e-ordering presenting the strongest positive relationship to their performance. The paper noted that the enhancement of the success of NGOs heavily depends on personal competence within the procurement department. The NGOs success of project increases with improvement in human resource competence among procurement officers. Further, team training on e-Procurement had great impact on the performance of Nairobi based international NGOs. The stakeholders’ involvement also played a significant role in development and success of NGOs.

Keywords: Performance, e-procurement, e-ordering, e-tendering, e-awarding, e-invoicing.

Title: An Assessment of Effect of E-Procurement on Organizational Performance: A Survey of International Non-Governmental Organizations in Nairobi-Kenya

Author: Devolta Inyerere Shikoli

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this work was to investigate the Level of Utilization and Ways to Improve Information Resources Utilization in the Federal Polytechnic Bali Library. The specific objectives of the study were to examined the extend and used of information resources, identify Factors Contributing to the Level of Utilization and Suggest ways to Improve Library Resources Utilization by the Patrons. Four research questions guided this study. A descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The population of this study comprises of Academic Staff and Students of the Polytechnic Library out of which 400 Academic Staff and Students was sampled randomly. Out of this population 50 Staff and Students were drawn to serve as representative sample. Statistical tools that was used for the analysis frequency counts and simple percentages (descriptive).The data were presented in frequency tables and percentages.  The findings revealed that the information resources were made utilized to patrons. It was discovered that books, newspapers, dictionaries and encyclopaedias (62.3%, 21.0%, 10.2 %, and 7.1 %) respectively were the most utilized information resources. However, the study revealed that not all of library information resources were fully utilized by users. A number of recommendations were put forward for improvement of Library Information Resources Utilization and User’s Satisfaction. It is hoped that findings of this research is useful in reminding the Library Managers and other stakeholders about the needs in the Library that were hitherto/before not given desired attention.

Keywords: Investigating, Level, Ways, Resources Utilization, Federal Polytechnics Bali, and Library.

Title: Investigating the Level and Ways to Improve Resources Utilization in Federal Polytechnics Bali Library

Author: Hamisu Manu Ibrahim

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study focused on the promotional songs in the Philippines.  It aimed to determine the value of songs to tourism industry. It looked into the assessment of the songs relative to nature, history and culture, industrial tourism, shopping, sports and recreational facilities, customs and traditions, special events, health and wellness, and others. These categories were utilized to evaluate the songs.  The study was qualitative in nature where the respondent was the researcher himself in evaluating the promotional songs. Thematic analysis was utilized in the investigation.  Based on the result of the study, it was revealed that that nature is indeed beautiful as it is that the province is proud to showcase their history and culture.  The provinces involved were promoting and advertising their places of interests relative to industrial tourism which were enticing to its people to visit their destinations revealed under shopping category.  The province was aware on the competitive advantage and strengths that they offer and indeed proud to showcase their local dances exhibiting their customs and traditions. With regard to health and wellness, it was revealed that the song served as the official advertisement of Puerto Princesa in 2016 which is unique as it showcased the different spas that the other provinces did not exhibit.

Keywords: Promotional Songs, Culture, Nature and History.

Title: Promotional Songs in the Philippines: A Content Analysis

Author: Cumpas, Jason C., Mandigma, Ernesto C. Jr.

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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