Vol 3 Issue 4 October 2015-December 2015

Abstract: In the West there seems to be a clear cut-line between the proponents and opponents of abortion. The former tend to justify their choice by calling for consequentialistic arguments, while the latter are, in huge majority, deontologists. The issue of abortion has been long debated in Islam. Those debates however lacked in intensity and rabidity when compared with their Western counterparts. This article is an attempt to compare the two standpoints and point at the reasons of that discrepancy.

The paper begins with a description of two Western ethical frameworks: consequentialism and deontology, which then are linked with two contradictory attitudes toward abortion, i.e. utilitarianism based pro-choice and deontological pro-life that perceives abortion as murder.

The nature of Islamic ethics, akhlāk, is elucidated in the next part of the paper. The main sources of moral conduct, i.e., the Qur’ān and the Sunnah are presented and the main concepts, including ḥarām (forbidden) or ḥalāl (allowed) are explained.

The forth part deals with moral status of terminating the life of a foetus in Islam. There is a reference to the sources of the creed, namely the Qur’ān, the most relevant ḥadīth and fatwas. There are arguments provided for and against abortion, including the one due to social reasons before the 120th day of pregnancy and a total prohibition after this date.

The article is concluded with the statement that various ethical approaches to abortion are a manifestation of somewhat different ways of moral reasoning between the West and the Islamic world.

Keywords: Abortion, Ethics, Foetus, Islam, Muslin Normative Ethics, Western Normative Ethics.

Title: The Moral Status of Abortion in Islam: A Comparative Study of Muslim and Western Normative Ethics Regarding the Act of Terminating the Life of A Foetus

Author: Pawel Bernat

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Title: Russian Political System Bolshevik Revolution, 1917

Author: Kamaluddin

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Kargil, one of the district of Ladakh regions, has not been well studied as only cultural aspects of Leh district showcased. This piece of work is an exclusive endeavour to underscore the different dimensions of Kargil in context of historical changes and continuity. The society, polity, economy and culture of the region go on change from time to time. The cultural continuity runs in parallel with the cultural changes. It substantiates the facts that history is spiral process in which one witness continuous change with continuity.

Keywords: Purig, Zojila pass, Chadar road, Patrilocal marriages, Matrilocal marriages, Iron hoardings, Social Hierarchy, Low class,  Yarkand, Khotan, Karakoram, Aryan race, Horse polo, Ka-ga script, Gandhara Art, Sculpture, Monastery, Mosque.

Title: Cultural Ethos of Kargil (Ladakh): Changes and Continuity

Author: Mohd Mustafa Kamaal

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this research project is to assess the impact of women Self Help Groups (SHGs) on their social empowerment. A descriptive study design was used with the study population being drawn from registered women SHGs in Murera Sub- location and respondents are only the registered members of the groups. The study sought to find out if the Chama’s (local name for SHGs) contribute to the social wellbeing of women.  This was examined by factors such as access to medical services, education, the ability to pay fees and provide meals in the households. There was also health awareness on issues such as family planning. The sample of SHG study was drawn from the one hundred and fifty (150) women actively involved in SHGs. The sample size of thirty (30) SHGs was identified through random sampling and five (5) respondents from each group were picked, thus a total 150 respondents. The study used` in-depth interview and data was captured using semi structured questionnaires. The findings showed there has been a positive impact on women’s social empowerment as a result of being a member of a SHG. The respondents said their standard of living had generally increased and this was evidenced by factors such increased meals in the household and payment of health bills. There was a focus on business-centred trainings thus the need to diversify into social challenges such as health matters and community wellbeing.

Keywords: self- help groups, social empowerment, women, social impact, and autonomy.

Title: The Impact of Women Self Help Groups on Their Social Empowerment: A Case Study of Murera Sub-Location in Kiambu County (Kenya)

Author: Gathuni Angela Wanjiku

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Suicide is an escalating public health problem, and substance abuse has consistently been implicated in the precipitation of suicidal behavior. Substance abuse has been identified to lead to suicidality through impaired judgment, but it may also be used as a means to ease the distress associated with committing suicide. Evidence of the relationship between substance use and suicide through a search of electronic database reveals that, academic pressure and social pressures might influence the relationship between substance use and suicide. Increased suicide risk may be blamed on social withdrawal, breakdown of social bonds, and social marginalization, which are common outcomes of untreated alcohol abuse and dependence. People with alcohol dependence or depression should be screened for suicide symptoms. Programs for suicide prevention must take into account drinking habits and should reinforce change to healthy behavioral patterns. Suicide tendencies are of indicators of the wellbeing of an individual and it is therefore necessary to identify the link between substance use and suicidal tendencies among university students in Kenya.

Keywords: Suicide, substance Abuse, wellbeing, tendencies, youth.

Title: Substance Abuse as a Cause of Suicide Tendencies among Youth in Public and Private Universities in Kenyan University

Author: Becky Wanjiku Wanyoike, Dr. David Nguti, Dr. B.E.E. Omulema

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This paper seeks to discuss the jargon of blacksmiths. Blacksmiths exercise their duties in the domain of the forge which used to play and still plays an important role in the society. This is a sociolinguistic study which investigates fifty five words and expressions drawn from the blacksmith domain in two prominent communes, Burambi and Rumonge, in Burundi. In spite of the fact that this study was motivated by my observation of the prominence of the blacksmiths’ jargon in the two communes under study, illustrations are made with reference to other countries and other continents. This is to show that a jargon is not only localized but it is global. My main objective among others is to ensure that the art of blacksmithing which has existed for a long time should not be forgotten especially by the young generation which is supposed to take the relay baton from the old generation. From West Africa, blacksmithing spread to most, if not all the continents of the world and it paved the way for modern technological advancement which has facilitated life in various domains of human life. Jargon falls in the domain of language, which is an integral part of human life. Wherever people reside, language exists because they need to interact. A speech community uses language whereas people in any given profession use a code which is a jargon. This paper goes a step further to highlight the impact that the means of communication of blacksmiths has on language use at the local, national and international levels. The paper rounds off with the recommendation that the domain of blacksmithing should not be ignored but should be paid attention since it provided the foundation for the technology which the people of today rely on for sustenance.

Keywords: Discuss the jargon of blacksmiths, Study of Words and Expressions.

Title: A Sociolinguistic Study of Words and Expressions in the Domain of Blacksmiths

Author: Julius Suh Ayancho

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: (Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person). The term Human Security was first popularized by the United Nations Development Program in the early 1990s. It emerged in the post-Cold War era as a way to link various humanitarian, economic, and social issues in order to alleviate human suffering and assure security.

Human security calls for a focus on individuals and communities rather than states and nations, and on social and psychological well-being. It recognizes that individuals and communities are threatened by events that are beyond their control, and requires that such protection be ‘institutionalized, not episodic, responsive, not rigid, preventative, and not reactive’.

The impact of conflict on human security is severe, directly affecting all dimensions of human security (economic, financial, food, sanitary, environmental, personal, gender, community and political). Moreover, the resulting indirect consequences of Arab spring can continue to be felt years after the conflict ends.

Thus, the face of violence in the Arab world has changed dramatically over recent decades—becoming dispersed, disfigured, and more fluid. States have struggled to respond effectively to these changes. Increasingly, there is an understanding that the changing nature of violence requires a new response, resulting in a gradual shift from national and international security to human security.

Keywords: Human security, Social Security, International Security.

Title: Human Security and Rights in Middle East

Author: DR. Al-RAWASHDEH MOHAMMAD SALIM

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This paper assessed the role of lay women in the Small Christian Communities. It discusses various roles of lay women in the Small Christian communities in the Catholic Church. The study was conducted in various SCCs in the five sub parishes within St Charles Lwanga Catholic Parish. This was because the SCCs are the family cells in the Catholic Church where evangelization and any church activities takes place before being presented to the church and the parish onwards. The paper will center its emphasis on the roles of lay women within the SCCs because they are the majority and the most active yet their roles and presence are yet   to be recognized in the entire Catholic Church. The study was based on both primary and secondary data collected for a period of one year. The study was descriptive in nature.

Keywords: lay women, Small Christian Communities (SCCs).

Title: Role of Lay Women in the Small Christian Communities in St Charles Lwanga Catholic Parish in Vihiga County, Kenya

Author: ROSE N NJOROGE

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Today Ambedkarism is a living force in India, it defines the ideology of the Dalit, Bahujan Movement; It is Anti –caste Movement. Education is the milk of tigerees those WhoDrink it, never stop themselves from roaring; Political Power is the Master-key through which we open all the door.

Keywords: Babasaheb Ambedkar, Political Power, master key, Bahujan hitaya ,Bahujan Sukyah Democracy, Social-Transformation, Gandhism, Liberty, Equality, Feternity.

Title: Ambedkarism – The Path of Salvation

Author: Dr. Chandrakant, N, Koliguude, (Dr.) Shankar rao, Vasudev, Magar

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Electromagnetic measurement of global distances has not merely replaced other forms of distance measurements but has also caused considerable change in survey technique. Electronic Distance Measuring Instrument has had considerable applications in other areas of survey measurements such as the provision of ground controls for aerial photography. Accuracies determined for distance measurements in traversing as presented by their fractional misclosure have currently improved tremendously with the use of these Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments. Calibration of the instrument for maximum operational condition is dependent on the adjustment and prevailing weather conditions under which the instrument is to be used. In most cases, weather conditions at the period of operation remain a major factor in the achievement of the desired accuracy for the measurement intended.

This paper analyses measurements. The effect of weather conditions on the accuracy of horizontal distances measurement with Electronic Distance Measuring Instrument in the tropics, emphasizing on the precision of repeated.

Keywords: Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMIs), Calibration, Electromagnetic measurement, Ground controls.

Title: Climatic Effect on Horizontal Distance Measurement with the Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Author: Patrick Olomoshola, Alimi Olanitori, Adeola Obadaye

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study endeavours to investigate the kind of relationship between the washback effect induced by the exams currently implemented in Libyan schools and the kind of qualification teachers possess, i.e. how the qualification variable as an independent variable determines the dependent variables: types and intensity of washback. The study was quantitative in nature. One hundred participant teachers filled close-ended questionnaires to address the research aims. Inferential statistics were deployed to analyse the quantitative data obtained from the questionnaires by using SPSS software. The findings of the study showed that the intensity and direction of washback was shown to be influenced by the mediating variable, teacher kind of qualification: the data indicated differences between teachers’ levels of educational qualification affected their response to the exam in terms of their classroom instructional practices, including teaching methods and techniques, testing practices and their choice of the teaching content from the prescribed textbooks. Indeed, the study affords detailed insight into how the factor ‘teacher qualification’ plays a major role in determining washback intensity, implying that washback from high-stakes tests cannot be considered as an inevitably automatic consequence of a test per se. Thus, the study suggests that other teacher-related factors such as teaching experience and gender may also come into play, and hence merit investigation.

Keywords: classroom teaching; teacher qualification variable; washback effect; washback intensity.

Title: Does Teacher’s Kind Of Qualification Account for Washback Intensity of An EFL Examination?

Author: Dr. Abdulhamid Elmurabet Onaiba

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The present study is an empirical endeavour on the perception of Yoruba Muslims on Arabic as a factor in social integration in South-western Nigeria. Many centuries of Islam’s presence in the region has shown the major roles played by the language, not just as a vehicle for the dissemination of Islamic messages but also as a means of self-actualization by forming the first literate elite in pre-colonial Nigeria. Muslims in this region have been witnessing a continuous decline in the enrolment of students into the modern Arabic Schools for some years now. This situation provides a ground for an inquiry on whether there is a possible link between the future career prospect for the language and the dearth in the enrolment of candidates into those schools. Two hundred samples were drawn from four of the six local governments that comprise the zone for data collection and were analysed in simple percentage. Findings show that although many factors account for the decline in pupils enrolment in those schools, the fear of making success out of their career as Arabists is loud. The researchers recommend among others that (i) the present curriculum of those schools should be reviewed to allow for integration of Western Education into Arabic Education System, and (ii) the learning environment of the modern Arabic Schools should be made more conducive to learning so as to make them attractive to students and competitive with the Western-oriented schools.

Keywords: perception, Yoruba, Muslims, Arabic, acquisition, career, south western, nigeria

Title: Perception of Yoruba Muslims on Arabic as a Factor in Social Integration in South-Western Nigeria

Author: Biodun I. Toyib, Abdul Fatai M. Hassan

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: In an era of global competition, public services face major challenges. This relates to the relationship between the state and the market, the state with the citizens, and the market with the citizens. The role of information technology in support of operational and managerial systems in government agencies today felt important. Because basically the majority of forms of public services are matters relating to the collection, processing, and provision of various data information, knowledge, and wisdom and dissemination to the public. E-Government is a form of public service-based implementation of information and communication technology, as media information and interactive means of communication. Society needs to be a priority for government services. Paradigm transformation from paper-based to the electronic paradigm makes opportunities and challenges in creating an excellent service to the citizens. This paper discusses the administrative burden for public services, e-government development and challenges in the public service.

Keywords: e-government, public service, administrative burden and citizen.

Title: Public Service Delivery: E-Government in Improving Good Governance in the Global Competition

Author: Thlang Sokim, Xu Xiaolin, Huang Dong

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

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Abstract: ‘Dharmaśāstra’ is regarded as the foundation of ancient Indian culture. By prescribing the do’s and don’t’s the Smṛti texts deal with different facets of this śāstra. Among these Smṛiti texts, ‘Manusmṛti’ is the oldest and the most significant one. Even today, it has been considered to be the ideal in inspiring mankind to lead a happy life.

Title: The Status of Women Depicted In the Manusmṛti

Author: Medha Deshpande Palsodkar

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

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Abstract: Sahasranāma (SN) is a literary composition in which the names of a particular deity are enumerated. This is the metrical composition (almost in anuṣṭup metre) with a purpose of daily recitation. Thus we find Viṣṇusahasranāma, Lalitāsahasranāma, Śivasahasranāma are still practiced. When it is SN the number of the names listed is 1,000 (in some cases more than one thousand). Apart from SN we have the compositions entitled as Dvādaśanāma, Aṣṭottaraśatanāma, Śatanāma, Ṣoḍaśanāma, Śatapañcasannāma, Daśanāma, Aṣṭottaraśatanāma etc.

Title: Introduction of Sahasranāma Literature- With the Special Reference of Lalitāsahasranāma

Author: Medha Deshpande Palsodkar

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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